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    Introduction To Cotton Fibre

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    Debasish Ghosh
    Cotton is a natural fiber that grows in pods on the cotton plant. It is composed of cellulose and used widely in textiles due to its versatility. There are several types of cotton including Sea Island, Egyptian, American, Indian, and China cotton which vary in quality and fiber properties. Cotton has a cellulose polymer structure that gives it strength. It has a fiber morphology resembling a twisted ribbon with kidney-shaped cross sections. Cotton offers advantages like a wide range of fabrics that can be produced, ease of dyeing and printing, absorbency and comfort. However, it also has disadvantages like wrinkling easily and flammability.

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    Introduction To Cotton Fibre

    Uploaded by

    Debasish Ghosh
    515 views8 pages
    Cotton is a natural fiber that grows in pods on the cotton plant. It is composed of cellulose and used widely in textiles due to its versatility. There are several types of cotton including Sea Island, Egyptian, American, Indian, and China cotton which vary in quality and fiber properties. Cotton has a cellulose polymer structure that gives it strength. It has a fiber morphology resembling a twisted ribbon with kidney-shaped cross sections. Cotton offers advantages like a wide range of fabrics that can be produced, ease of dyeing and printing, absorbency and comfort. However, it also has disadvantages like wrinkling easily and flammability.

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    Cotton

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    Introduction to Cotton Fibre

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    Cotton is a natural fiber that grows in pods on the cotton plant. It is composed of cellulose and used widely in textiles due to its versatility. There are several types of cotton including Sea Island, Egyptian, American, Indian, and China cotton which vary in quality and fiber properties. Cotton has a cellulose polymer structure that gives it strength. It has a fiber morphology resembling a twisted ribbon with kidney-shaped cross sections. Cotton offers advantages like a wide range of fabrics that can be produced, ease of dyeing and printing, absorbency and comfort. However, it also has disadvantages like wrinkling easily and flammability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    515 views8 pages

    Introduction To Cotton Fibre

    Uploaded by

    Debasish Ghosh
    Cotton is a natural fiber that grows in pods on the cotton plant. It is composed of cellulose and used widely in textiles due to its versatility. There are several types of cotton including Sea Island, Egyptian, American, Indian, and China cotton which vary in quality and fiber properties. Cotton has a cellulose polymer structure that gives it strength. It has a fiber morphology resembling a twisted ribbon with kidney-shaped cross sections. Cotton offers advantages like a wide range of fabrics that can be produced, ease of dyeing and printing, absorbency and comfort. However, it also has disadvantages like wrinkling easily and flammability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Introduction to

    Cotton Fibre

    What is Cotton?
    Cotton is a natural vegetable
    fibre produced in the cotton
    plant in many countries of the
    world
    Cotton is widely used Textile
    Fiber in Textile Industry, due
    to its versatile uses.

    Definition
    Cotton is a fibre that grows from the
    surface of seeds on the pods or bolls. It is
    composed basically of a woody substance
    called Cellulose.

    Types of Cotton
    1. Sea Island Cotton
    This is of the highest quality and the most valuable of commercial cottons. It
    grows on the coast of the Gulf of Florida in Barbados and in other adjacent
    islands where the climate is favorable.
    2. Egyptian Cotton
    There are two kinds of Egyptian cotton, brown and the other white. It is like
    Sea Island cotton, very regular and contains few immature and dead fibres.
    3. American Cotton
    This is cultivated in the United States, and is the most abundant type of
    cotton.
    4. Indian Cotton
    It is a short fibre of between 0.6 and 0.8 inch length. It is therefore only
    suitable for spinning coarse count.
    4. China Cotton
    This is about the lowest commercially acceptable grade. Its twist is not
    highly developed and it is rather harsh. It does not spin a good yarn alone,
    and is usually used in a mixture with better qualities.

    Cotton Polymer System

    Cotton polymer is a liner, cellulose polymer.


    The repeating unit is cellobiose which consists of two glucose unit.
    Cotton consists of 5000 cellobiose units therefore degree of
    polymerization is 5000. polymer length is about 5000nm and
    thickness is 0.8 nm.
    Cotton is a semi-crystalline fibre; crystalline regions are 65-70 %
    while amorphous regions are 30-35 %.
    Hydrogen bonding are the dominant and most important forces of
    attraction between polymeric chains. OH,
    -CH2OH give rise to hydrogen bonds.
    The polymeric system can be imagined as roll of wire netting.

    Cotton Fibre Morphology

    Macro structure
    Cotton appear as fine, regular fibre with little variation in diameter;
    its diameter is not considered as critical as length. The fibre length
    to breath ratio is 6000:1 for finer and long cotton and 350:1 for
    shortest and coarser cotton type.
    Its length is from 10mm-65mm.
    Range in fibre diameter is from 11m 10 22 m.
    Cotton color varies form near white to light tan. The colour depends
    upon cotton type, soil, environmental and climatic conditions under
    which it is grown.
    Under microscope cotton looks like ribbon or twisted tube. These
    twists or convolutions classified cotton under the microscope.
    Convolutions are formed after the cotton ball burst open.
    Cotton cross-section appears under the microscope as kidney
    shape.

    Advantages of Cotton Fibre

    Cotton can be processed into a wide selection of fabrics. Among


    the sheer fabrics are cambric, batiste, chiffon, lawn, organdy and
    voile. Medium weight cottons include broadcloth, drill, flannel,
    poplin, terrycloth and long cloth. The heavy weight cottons include
    brocade, corduroy, denim, pique and velveteen.
    Cotton can be mercerized to improve luster, absorbency, dyeability and strength.
    Textured effects are easily achieved either by yarn structure (high
    twist yarns, nub yarns, boucle yarns, and crimped yarns), fabric
    construction (crepes, seersuckers) or application of special
    finishes (embossing, napping).
    Cotton fabrics can be easily dyed or printed with almost all the
    classes of dyes. Pigment printing can be done with the help of a
    binder.
    Cotton is absorbent, does not build up static electricity and is a
    good conductor of heat and hence is very comfortable to wear.

    Disadvantages of Cotton Fibre

    Untreated cotton wrinkles easily.


    Cotton is susceptible to mildew if left
    damp.
    Cotton is flammable.
    Fabrics take a long time to dry.

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