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1. The document describes a process flowsheet for a contact sulfuric acid plant that produces 10 tons of 20% oleum and 40 tons of 98% acid per day. 2. It involves an oleum tower fed by acid from a 98% tower, and the 98% tower is fed by 97% acid obtained by diluting output from the 98% tower. 3. Calculations are shown to determine the amount of acid fed to each tower based on material balances around each unit, to satisfy the product specifications while meeting the constraints of the process chemistry.

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Mourinho Chaniago
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
107 views

ATK

1. The document describes a process flowsheet for a contact sulfuric acid plant that produces 10 tons of 20% oleum and 40 tons of 98% acid per day. 2. It involves an oleum tower fed by acid from a 98% tower, and the 98% tower is fed by 97% acid obtained by diluting output from the 98% tower. 3. Calculations are shown to determine the amount of acid fed to each tower based on material balances around each unit, to satisfy the product specifications while meeting the constraints of the process chemistry.

Uploaded by

Mourinho Chaniago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tugas Azas Teknik Kimia

Kelompok : 7
Oleh : Rio Agung Prakoso/ 110405015
Mutiara Mendopa/ 110405027
Halimah Tusak Diyah/ 140405037
Ekanza Rizqandy Kamny/ 140405056
Eka Mustaqim Barus/ 120405018

Departemen Teknik Kimia


Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tahun Ajaran 2015/ 2016

2.28 In the plant flowsheet considered in problem 2.27, recovery of soluble as product is
quite low. In an effort to improve recovery, suppose the waste solution from the press is
recycled back to the percolators. However, to reduce the possible release of bitter-tasting
material during pressing, the dewatering rate is decreased so that a slurry of 40% insolubles
is generated. As shown in the flowsheet figure P2.28 to handle the higher water content
slurry, the drier operation is also adjusted to preduce a 62,5% insolubles coffe grounds.
Calculate the recovery ratio resulting from this modification. Assume that the feed coffee
composition is 0% water and 32,7% insolubles and allow the feed water-to-coffee ratio to
be variable. The soluble-to-water ratios in both streams leaving the press are the same.

H2O (1)

Kopi (2)

F1

F2
2

W1 = 0,327 (solubles)
Perkolator

(8)

Separator

aqua
F7
7

W5

(3)

W 35 =0,28

F3

W 1 =0,2

Press
(4)

F4

Aqua

(6)
Drier

F6
6
5

aqua

W54
W1 =
(5)
H2O
F5

exract
F8
W85 =0,

Tabel Derajat Kebebasan


Perkolator

press

Drier

Proses

Overall

separator
Variabel alur bebas

10

17

Pers. Neraca bebas

-Laju alir

-komposisi

Hub.pembantu

Spesifikasi alur

Press
Basis

F3=1000

N.M Total = F3= F4+ F7


1000 = F4 + F7
N.M Komponen
-Solubles

w 5 F3 =

w5

w 5 F3=

w 5 F4 +

0,2 x 1000 = 0,4 x F4 + 0


200
F4 = 0,4

w 5 F7

w45 F4 +

0,28 x 1000 =
-Insolubles :

F4 +

w 75 F7
7

w 5 F7

= 500
Maka: F7= 1000-F4
= 1000-500
= 500
W 75
W 75
( 1W 75 ) = ( 0,6W 45 )
3
4
F3 W 5 = F4 W 5

7
F7 W 5

1000.0,28 = 500 W5

- 500.

280-500 W75
W54 =
500
5

W5

28-50 W 75
= 50

W7
5
1W 7

28-50 W 75
= 50

W57
1- W 57

28-50 W 5
= 2-50

50
x 2-50 W 75

7
7 2
2 W 5 - 50( W 5 = 28-70

80 W5 = 28
W 75 = 0,35
4

W5
0,35
4
=
10,35
0,6- W 5
4

0,21-0,35 W 5 =

W5 . 0,35

W75 - 50( W75 2

W 5 = 0,21

Perkolator
N.M total = F1+F2+F7=F3 +F8
= F1+F2 + 500 = 1000 + F8
2
7
Solubles : (1- W 1 )F2 + W 5 F7

3
8
= W 5 F3 + W 5 F8

(1-0,327)F2 + (0,35 x 500) = (0,28 x 1000) + (0,35 x F8)


0,673 F2 + 175

= 280 + 0,375 F8

0,673 F2

= 105 + 0,35 F8

Insolubles: W 1 F2 = W 1 F3
0,327 F2

= 0,2 x 1000

F2

= 611,6208

Maka F8 = 0,673 F2

= 105 x 0,35 F8

0,673 x 611,6208 = 105 + 0,35 F8


411,6208 105
F8

= 0,35 F8

= 876,0594

F1+F2+F7 = F3 +F8
F1

= F3 +F8- F2+F7
= 1000 + 876,0594 + 611,6208-500
= 764,4386

Drier
N.M Total

= F4
500

= F5 + F6
= F5 + F6

= F4 W 1

Insolubles

= F5 W 1 + F6 W 1

F4 = F5 + F6

500 x 0,4 = F5.0 + F6 x 0,625

Aqua

200

= 0,625 F6

F5 = 500-320

F6

= 320

F5 = 180

= (1-

W54 -

W14 ) F4

(1-0,21-0,4)500
195

= F5 + (1-

= 180 + (1-

W65
8

W61 ) F6

W65

180+120+195
= 320

W5 x F

W65 -

W65 -0,625) 320

= 180 + 120 -320

W5

% recovery =

F5 = F4 - F6

= 0,328125

( 1- W12) F2

x 100

0,35 x 876,0594
( 10,327 ) 611,6208

x 100

= 0,74491 x 100
= 74,4491
3.23 In the sulfuric acid industry, oleum is aterm used for 100% acid containing free,
unreacted SO3 dissolved in the acid. A 20% oleum, for example, is 20 lb SO 3 in 80 lb 100%
acid, per 100 lb mix. A contact sulfuric acid plant produces 10 tons 20% oleum and 40 tons
98% acid per day (see flowsheet, figure P3.23). The oleum tower is fed with a portion of
the acid from the 98% tower. The 98% tower is a fed with 97% acid, obtained by diluting
part of the 98% output. The gas fed to the oleum tower analyzed 10.8% SO 3 calculate the
amount of acid to be fed to each tower per day.
F4

W 4H 2 so 4 =
0,98

F5= 40.000
(4)

W H 2 so 4 =

(5)

0,97

Menara

(1)

(3)

Oleum

Gas
N1

Menara
Asam

3
SO 3

(8)

Diluter

(7)

(6)
F6

(2)

F7
6

H2SO4
F2 =
10000

W gas

F H 2O

N SO 3=0,108

2
SO 3

(9)

W H 2 so 4 =

W H 2 so 4 =

0,98
Mixing
=

0,98

(10
) 10
F = 40.000
2

W H 2 so 4 =
0,58 asam
Reduksi yang terjadi pada menara oleum dan menara

SO3 + H2O

r1

H2SO4

SO3 + H2O

r2

H2SO4

Hubungan pembatas (2-1) (3-1) = 2


Asumsi: gas buang mengandung SO3
Tabel Derajat Kebebasan
oleum

m.asam

Variabel alur bebas

8+1

7+1

Pers. Neraca bebas

diluter

mixing

proses

over all

18+2

8+1

12

2(+1)

1(+1)

1(+1)

Spesifikasi alur
-Laju alir
-komposisi

Hub.pembantu

F8H 2O ,

N 9gas , r

Strategi penyelesaian
1. Neraca massa pada keseluruhan N1,
2. Oleum DK= 2-1 (N1) = 0
N

Acid DK = 2-1 )=1

8
Diluter DK = 1-1 ( F H 2O = 0
3

N SO 3 ,

3. Oleum F4,

N gas , r, asumsi td gas buang mengandung SO3

4. DK = 0-0 = 0
5. Diluter = F7,F5
3

6. Asam DK = 1-3 ( N SO 3 , N gas , F3) + 2 = 0


= 2-2 (F4,F7) = 0

7. Mixing

Neraca massa over all


H2SO4 = 0,98 x 400 + 0,8 x 10.000

SO3

= 98 r

47.200

= 98 r

= 481,633

= 0,2 x 10.000 = 0,108

N 1 x 80 - 80r

2000

= 8,64 N1 80r

N1

= 4651,043

Neraca massa pada oleum


H2SO4

8000 = 0,98 F4 + 98 r1

H2O

= 0,02 F4 18 r1

r1
SO3 : 80

= 8,613

F4 =7346,9388

N 3SO 3 + 2000 = 80 x 4691,0431x 0,108 80 r1


80

N 3SO 3

= 38350,6124 80 x 8,1633

N 3SO 3
Gas

N 3gas

= 473,469
= 0,892 x 4691,0431
= 4184,411

Neraca massa pada Deluter


H2SO4

= 0,97 F5 = 0,987

H2O

= 0,03 F5 = 0,02 F7 + 9462,388

F5

= 928000,024 F7 = 918530,636

F5

= F7 +

N 8H 2 O

928000,024 = 918530,636 + 949,388


928000,024 = 928000,024
Neraca massa Asam
H2SO4

= 0,98 F6 = 0,97 x 928000,024 + 98 x r2

H2O

= 0,02 F6 = 0,03 + 928000,024 18 x r2

F6

= 965877,55

r2= 473,469

F6 = F7 + F10 + F4
965877,55 = 918530,636 + 4000 + 7346,9388 = 965877,57

Proses
Over all
H2SO4

0,98 x 4000 + 0,8 x 1000 = 98 r

SO3

= 0,2 x 10000

= 0,108 N1 x 80-80r

H2O

= 0,02 x 40000

Gas

N ggas

F6H 2O

- 18 x r

= 0,892 x N1

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