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    Polarity / Vector Group Test

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Abdo
    This document provides procedures for testing various aspects of a power transformer, including: - Equivalency testing to detect winding faults - Polarity testing to verify vector group specification - Short circuit testing to measure impedance and load losses - No load testing to measure no load power and current - Continuity testing of windings - Magnetic current testing to detect core and winding issues The tests are designed to evaluate the transformer according to specifications and detect any potential issues in the windings, core, connections or tap changers. Procedures include setting up circuits and measuring voltages, currents, power and impedance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Polarity / Vector Group Test

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Abdo
    177 views6 pages
    This document provides procedures for testing various aspects of a power transformer, including: - Equivalency testing to detect winding faults - Polarity testing to verify vector group specification - Short circuit testing to measure impedance and load losses - No load testing to measure no load power and current - Continuity testing of windings - Magnetic current testing to detect core and winding issues The tests are designed to evaluate the transformer according to specifications and detect any potential issues in the windings, core, connections or tap changers. Procedures include setting up circuits and measuring voltages, currents, power and impedance.

    Original Description:

    فحص محول 120

    Original Title

    فحص محولات13

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    This document provides procedures for testing various aspects of a power transformer, including: - Equivalency testing to detect winding faults - Polarity testing to verify vector group specification - Short circuit testing to measure impedance and load losses - No load testing to measure no load power and current - Continuity testing of windings - Magnetic current testing to detect core and winding issues The tests are designed to evaluate the transformer according to specifications and detect any potential issues in the windings, core, connections or tap changers. Procedures include setting up circuits and measuring voltages, currents, power and impedance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    177 views6 pages

    Polarity / Vector Group Test

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Abdo
    This document provides procedures for testing various aspects of a power transformer, including: - Equivalency testing to detect winding faults - Polarity testing to verify vector group specification - Short circuit testing to measure impedance and load losses - No load testing to measure no load power and current - Continuity testing of windings - Magnetic current testing to detect core and winding issues The tests are designed to evaluate the transformer according to specifications and detect any potential issues in the windings, core, connections or tap changers. Procedures include setting up circuits and measuring voltages, currents, power and impedance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    or wye/delta transformer, a three phase equivalency test is performed, i.e.

    the
    test is performed across corresponding single winding.

    Test can detect:

    Shorted turns or open circuits in the windings.


    Incorrect winding connections ,and other internal faults or defects in tap
    changer

    (4) Polarity / Vector group Test


    Purpose of Test:

    The vector group of transformer is an essential property for successful parallel


    operation of transformers. Hence every electrical power transformer must
    undergo through vector group test of transformer at factory site for ensuring
    the customer specified vector group of transformer.

    Test Instruments:

    Ratio meter.
    Volt Meter. A Ratio meter may not always be available and this is usually the
    case on site so that the polarity may be checked by voltmeter.

    Test Circuit Diagram:

    Test Procedure:

    The primary and secondary windings are connected together at one point.
    Connect neutral point of star connected winding with earth.
    Low-voltage three-phase supply (415 V) is then applied to the HV terminals.
    Voltage measurements are then taken between various pairs of terminals as
    indicated in the diagram and the readings obtained should be the phasor sum
    of the separate voltages of each winding under consideration.
    1

    Condition:(HV side R-Y-B-N and LV Side r-y-b-n)

    R and r should be shorted.


    Apply 415 Volt to R-Y-B
    Measure Voltage between Following Phase and Satisfy Following Condition
    Vector Group
    Dyn1

    Dyn11

    Ynd1

    Ynyn0

    Satisfied Following Condition


    Rb=Rn+Bn
    Bb=By
    Yy<Yb
    Ry=Rn+Yn
    Yb=Yy
    Bb<By
    RN=Ry+Yn
    By=Yy
    Yy<Yb
    Bb=Yy
    Bn=Yn
    RN=Rn+Nn

    (5) Short Circuit Test


    Test Purpose:

    The value of the short circuit impedance Z% and the load (copper) losses
    (I2R) are obtained.
    This test should be performed before the impulse test-if the later will be
    performed as a routine test- in order to avoid readings errors
    Test Instrument:

    Megger or
    Multi meter.
    CT ,PT
    Test Procedure:

    Suitable Low Voltage (3-phase 415V, 50Hz )will be applied to the terminals of
    one winding (usually the H.V.) with the other winding short circuited with 50
    sq. mm. Copper cable. (Usually the L.V.)
    The applied voltage is adjusted to pass the needed current in the
    primary/secondary. In order to simulate conditions nearest to full load, it is
    customary to pass 100%, 50% or at least 25% of full load current.
    Voltage to be increased gradually till the current in the energized winding
    reaches the required value (50% to 100% rated current).
    Measure the 3 Phase line currents at all tap position. If the tap-switch is an
    Off-Circuit tap-switch, the supply has to be disconnected before changing the
    2

    tap. A consistent trend in the increase or decrease of current, as the case may
    be, confirms the healthiness of the transformer.
    If transformer is equipped with a tap changer, tapping regulations are applied.
    (1) If tapping range within5% and rated power less than 2500kAV, load loss
    guarantee refer to the principal tap only.
    (2) If tapping range exceeds5% or rated power above 2500kAV, it shall be
    stated for which tapping beside the principal tap the load losses will be
    guaranteed by the manufacturer.
    Three phase LT supply is applied on HV side of power transformer at normal
    tap with rated current on HV side and currents measured in all the phases on
    HV side and phases & neutral on LV side values noted.
    Readings to be taken as quickly as possible as the windings warm up and the
    winding resistance increases. Hence, the losses value will increase
    accordingly.
    Using appropriate instruments (conventional three watt meter method or
    digital watt meter with ammeters & voltmeters) measurements of voltage,
    currents and power can be recorded.

    Short Circuit Test (Without using CT,PT)


    To avoid CTs and PTs, this method can be used at current levels of 2 to 5 A
    and measurement of load losses is done at this condition. This measured load
    loss is then extrapolated to actual load currents to obtain load losses at the
    operating current.
    Example: 11 kV/433 V, 1000 kVA transformer with 5% impedance, the
    voltage to be applied on H.V. side during load test is estimated below.
    V. side full load current (I1) = (KVAx1000/1.732xLine Voltage)
    V. side full load current (I1) =(10001000/1.73211000)=52.5 Amp
    Line to line voltage to be applied on H.V side for getting 5 A on H.V. side,
    Line to line voltage to be applied on H.V side Visc= (Line
    Voltagex1000xZx5/0.866xI1x100)
    Line to line voltage to be applied on H.V side
    Visc=(11x1000x5xx/x0.86652.5100)=60.5 volts.

    Since the current drawn on H.V. side is only about 5A in this test, CTs can be
    avoided and hence phase angle error is not applicable.

    Short Circuit Test (With using CT,PT)

    Acceptance Criteria:

    Measured impedance to be within guaranteed value and nameplate value.


    Load losses to be within guaranteed values.
    Test can detect:

    Winding deformation.
    Deviation in name plate value.

    (6) Open Circuit / No Load Test


    Test Purpose:

    In this test, the value of No-Load power (Po) & the No-Load current (Io) are
    measured at rated voltage & frequency.
    Test Instruments:

    Watt meters.
    Ammeter , Voltmeter or
    4

    Power analyses
    Test Procedure:

    Test is performed at rated frequency.


    Three phase LT Voltage of 415 V applied on HV side of Power transformer
    keeping LT open
    Two voltmeters are connected to the energized winding, one is measuring the
    voltage mean value and the other is for the Voltage R.M.S value.
    Voltage applied to winding (usually to H.V. windings).It will be in a range
    from 90% of winding rated voltage to 110% of the same in steps, each of 5%
    (i.e. for a 33/11kV transformer, applied voltage values will be 29.7kV,
    31.35kV,36.3kV)
    Readings of watt meters, Voltmeters & Ammeters are recorded to obtain the
    values of V (r.m.s), Vmean, Po and Io at each voltage step.
    Test results are considered satisfactory if the readings of the two are equal
    within 3%. If its more than 3%, the validity of the test is subjected to
    agreement.
    Measured value of power loss is corrected according to the following formula:
    Pc=Pm (1+d)
    D= (Vmean Vr.m.s) / Vmean
    Measure the loss in all the three phases with the help of 3 watt meter method.
    Total no load loss or iron loss of the trf = W1 + W2 +W3
    Test Caution:

    This test should be performed before the impulse test-if the later will be
    performed as a routine test- in order to avoid readings errors
    Acceptance Criteria:

    No Load losses to be within guaranteed values.

    (7) Continuity test:


    Purpose of Test:

    To know the continuity of windings of the transformer.


    Test Instruments:

    Megger or
    Multi meter.
    Test Procedure:

    Check Continuity of Transformer by using multi meter or by Megger between


    following Terminals

    Transformer
    HV Side
    LV Side

    P-P
    R-Y
    r-y

    P-P
    Y-B
    y-b

    P-P
    B-R
    b-r

    Result
    Zero Mega ohm or continuity
    Zero Mega ohm or continuity
    Test can detect:

    Open circuit / loose connection of winding

    (8) Magnetic Current Test


    Test Purpose:

    Magnetizing current test of transformer locates the defects in the magnetic


    core structure, shifting of windings, failure in turn to turn insulation or
    problem in tap changers.
    These conditions change the effective reluctance of the magnetic circuit, thus
    affecting the electric current required to establish flux in the core.
    Test Instrument:

    Multi meter.
    Mill Ammeter
    Test Circuit Diagram:

    Three phases LT Voltage of 415 V applied on HV side of Power transformer


    and currents are to be measured with mill ammeter.
    The value shall be = (1 to 2 percent of rated full load current of TC / HT KV )
    X Voltage Applied
    Test Procedure:

    First of all keep the tap changer in the lowest position and open all IV & LV
    terminals.

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