Module 1

Linear Functions
What this module is about
This module is about a special type of relation called Linear Functions. In
your study of functions, you learned about relations of quantities in real life
situations. This time you will concentrate your study on first degree functions,
how it is represented through equations and graphs.

What you are expected to learn

This module is designed for you to:
1. define the linear function f(x) = mx + b.
2. rewrite the standard form Ax + By = C to the slope intercept form f(x) =
mx + b and vice versa.
3. draw the graph of a linear function given the following :
any two points
x and y intercept
slope and one point
slope and y- intercept

How much do you know

1. Which of the following functions is linear?
a. f(x) = 3x 7
b. f(x) = x( 2 x)
c. f(x) =

2
(6 9x)
3

d. 5y = 5x2 5
e. 8x 2y = 4
2. The graph of 2x + 3 is a __________.
3. In the equation y = mx + b, m represents the __________ of the line.
4. In the equation y = 3x + 2, 2 represents the __________ of the line.

5. Write 9x 3y + 6 = 0 in the form y = mx + b.

6. The equation y = 3x 2 if change to Ax + By = C is equal to
a. 3x y = 2

b. 3x + y = 2

c. 3x + y = -2

Draw the graph of a linear function given the following:

7. Two points: P (0, 0), Q (4, 4)

8. Slope (m) = 3; point A (2, 1)

9. x intercept = 3; y- intercept = -1

10. Slope (m) = 2, y intercept = -2

d. 3x - y = - 2

What you will do

Lesson 1
Define Linear function f(x) = mx + b
A function is a linear function if and only if its equation can be written in the
form y = mx + b or f(x) = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept of
the line. The graph is a non-vertical straight line.
Examples:
1. Is y + 2x = 2 a linear function?
Solve for y:
y + 2x = 2
y + 2x 2x = -2x + 2
y = - 2x + 2
or f(x) = -2x + 2

The equation is in the form ax + by = c.

Add 2x to both sides of the equation.
The equation is now in the form y = mx + b
or f(x) = mx + b.

Since the equation can be written in the form y = mx + b or f(x) = mx + b,

where m = -2 and b = 2. Then, y + 2x = 2 is a linear function.
2. Is x2 y + 1 = 0 a linear function?
Solve for y:
x2 y + 1 = 0
-y = - x2 1
y = x2 + 1
Since you cannot write the equation in the form y = mx + b. Then, x2 y + 1 =
0 is not a linear function.

3. Is y(x + 6) = x(y + 3) a linear function?

Solve for y:
y(x + 6) = x(y + 3)
xy + 6y = xy + 3x
6y = 3x
y =

Apply distributive property of multiplication.

By addition property, add xy to both sides
of the equations

1
x
2

After simplifying, the equation is linear since it can be written in the form y
= mx + b, where m =

1
and b = 0.
2

Try this out

A. Which of the following equation is a linear equation?
1. y = 2x
1
x+4
5
5
3. f(x) = - x
2

2. y = -

4. x = -7
5. xy = 10
6. 7y = 0
x
+6
3
2
8. f(x) = x+ 3
7
1 x
9. y =
3
2
10. f(x) =
3

7. f(x) =

B. Determine whether the relation is linear.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

x(y + 3) = 0
2y + 2x = 6
5x 2y + 6 = 0
2(x-y) = 3( x + y)
2(x + y) = 5 (y + 1)

Lesson 2
Given a Linear Function Ax +By = C, Rewrite in the
Form f(x) = mx + b, a Slope-Intercept Form and Vice Versa.
.
The standard form of linear equation Ax + By = C can be transformed to a
linear function f(x) = mx +b called slope - intercept form, where m is the slope
and b is the y-intercept and vice versa.
Example 1: Write 3y = -2x 6 in the form f(x)= mx +b. Give the value of m and b
a. 3y = -2x 6

b. 2x 5y = 10

3
2
6
=- x
3
3
3
2
y =- x -2
3

or

f(x) = m=-

5y = -2x + 10
5
2
10
y=
x +
5
5
5

2
x -2
3

2
, b = -2
3

or

y =

2
x -2
5

f(x) =

2
x -2
5

m=
Example 2: Write y =

2
, b = -2
5

2
x - 2 in the form Ax + By = C.
5

2
x -2
5
2
5[y =
x - 2]
5

y =

multiply by the LCD

5y = 2x 10
-2x + 5y = -10
-1[-2x + 5y = -10]

multiply by -1.

2x 5y = 10

Try this out

A. Write the following in the form y = mx + b.
1. 4y + 12x = 20
2. 2 x + 9y 8 = 10
3. 4y + x + 2 = 0

4. 3x y = 0
5. 8x 2y = 6
6. 3x 4y = 8
7. y + 5x 3 = 0
8. 2y 6x + 10 = 0
9. 5x + y = 3
10. y + 2x 7 = 0
B. Write the following linear equation in the form Ax + By = C.
1. y = -2x + 3
2. y = 3x 1
3. y =

1
x+3
2

4. y = 2x 2
5. y = 2x +

1
2

9
1
x+
2
4
7
7. y = - x 1
2

6. y =

8. y = -3x + 5
1
x2
4
3
10. y = - x 3
2

9. y =

Lesson 3
Draw the Graph of a Linear Function Given Two Points
The graph of a linear function is a straight line. In Geometry, you learned
how to graph by connecting points. In this section you will learn how to graph
linear functions and determine its slope using the following conditions:
A. Given any two points
Two points determine a straight line, this is a statement in geometry where
you can apply to graph linear functions.

Example:
Draw the graph of a linear function passing through points (1, 2) and (2, 4).
a. First locate the two points
b. Then connect the two points.
The graph of the linear function will look like the figure below.

(2,4)

(1,2)

B. Given the x and y intercepts:

Another way of graphing a linear function is through the points where the
graph crosses the x and y axes. This condition also uses two points.
The point at which a line crosses the y-axis has an x coordinate of 0 called
y-intercept. While, the point at which the line crosses the x-axis has ycoordinate of 0 called x-intercept.
Example:
1. x - intercept = -3 ; y - intercept = 6
The y intercept is the y value at point
(0, 6). Here the y-intercept is 6
The x intercept is the x value at point
(-3,0). Here the x intercept is -3.

Try this out

A.

Draw the graph of the linear function that passes through the given
points.
1. (3, -1) and (1, -3)

4. (0, 0) and (2, -2)

2. (0, -2) and (-2, 1)

5. (-1, 2) and (3, -2)

3. (3, 4) and (-4, -3)

6, (-3 , - 3) and (2, 1)

B. Draw the graph of the linear function whose x and y intercepts are given.

1. x- intercept = 1; y intercept = 4

4. x intercept = - 3; y intercept = 2

2. x-intercept = -3; y-intercept = -2

5. x-intercept = 2; y-intercept = -3

3. x-intercept = 2; y-intercept = -2

6. x-intercept = -4; y-intercept = -3

Lesson 4
Draw the Graph of a Linear Function Given the Slope and a Point

A.

Given the slope m and y intercept b.

The slope m determines the steepness of a line while the y intercept is

the y value of the point (0, b) where the graph touches the y-axis.
The slope is simply m =

rise
run

Example 1: In the graph below, the y intercept is -2 and the slope is

8
or 4.
2

To graph, start with the y-intercept, and then rise 8 and run 2. These would
connect the points (0,-2) and (2, 6)
Notice that the slope can be computed
using the two points in the formula.
m=

y 2 y1
rise
=
x 2 x1
run

=8
= 6 - -2 = 8 = 4
2-0
2

y - int
=2

The line rises to the right when the

slope is positive.

Example 2: Graph the linear function whose y-intercept = -2 and slope (m)=
3
2

From the y intercept, at (0, -2)

rise 3 and run 2 units to the left.
This would connect points (0, -2)
and (-2, 1)
(-2, 1)

2
3

y-int

(0,-2)

This time the direction of the graph

goes down to the right because the
slope is negative.

Try this out

A. Draw the graph given the slope and passing through the given point.
10

1. m = 4 ; P(-2, -3)
3

4. m = 2; P(2, 2)

2. m = 3; P(0, 2)

5. m = -3; P(-2, 3)
2

3. m = -3 ; P(-1, 1)

6. m = -3; P(1, -3)

5

B. Draw the graph with the indicated slope and passing through the given yintercept.
1. m = -5; y-intercept = -3
3

4. m = 2; y-intercept = -3

11

2. m = -1; y-intercept = 3
2

3. m = 3; y-intercept = 1
4

5. m = 1; y-intercept = -2
2

6. m = -4; y-intercept = -4

Lets summarize

12

1. The standard form of linear equation is ax + by = c, where a, b, and c are

real numbers, and a and b are not both zero.
2. Linear function can be defined by f(x) = mx + b, where m is the slope of
the line and b is the y intercept.
3. The graph of a linear function is a straight line.
4. The graph can be drawn if the following are given:

any two points

x and y- intercept
slope and any one point
slope and y-intercept

What have you learned

A. Which of the following equations/functions is linear?
1. f(x) = -x + 3
2. f(x) = x(x 3)
3. y = 2x2 3x + 1
4. y =

1
(4 + 6x)
2

5. y = - 4x
B. Write each equation in the standard form.
1. y =

5
x +1
8

2. x =

1
y -4
3

3. y =

2
x + 14
3

C. Write each equation in the slope-intercept form.

1. 5x + 3y = 9

13

2. 3x 2y = 12
3. x + 2y = 7
D. Draw the graph of linear functions given the following:.
1. Two points (1, 2), (2, 4)

2. slope (m) = -2, passes through (-1, 3)

3. x- intercept = 4, y-intercept = 3

14

4. slope = 4 , y-intercept = -3
3

15

Answer Key
How much do you know
A. 1.
a. Linear
b not linear
c. linear
d. not linear
e. linear
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

straight line
slope
y-intercept
y = 3x + 2
a

7. Two points: P(0, 0); Q(4, 4)

Q: (4,4)

P:(0,0)

8. Slope (m) = 3; point A (2,1)

A:(2,1)

16

9. x- intercept = 3; y intercept = -1

(3,0)

(0,-1)

10. Slope (m) = 2; y-intercept = -2

(0,-2)

Try this out

Lesson 1
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

linear
linear
linear
not linear
not linear

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

not linear
linear
linear
linear
linear

6. not linear
7. linear
8. linear
9. linear
10. not linear

B.

Lesson 2

17

A. 1. y = -3x + 5

6. y = 3x - 2
4
7. y = -5x + 3

2. y = -2x + 2
9
3. y = -1x 1
4
2

8. y = 3x 5

4. y = 3x
5. y = 4x 3

9. y = -5x + 3
10. y = 2x - 7

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

B.
2x + y = 3
3x y = 1
x 2y = -6
2x y = 2
4x 2y = -1

18x 4y = -1
7x + 2y = -2
3x - y = 5
x 4y = 8
3x + 2y = -6

Lesson 3
A
1. (3, -1), (1, -3)

4. (0, 0), (2, -2)

(0,0)

(3,-1)

(1,-3)

2. (0, -2), (-2,1)

5. (-1, 2), (3, -2)

3. (3, 4), (4, -3)

6. (-3, -3), (2, 1)

18

(2,-2)

B.
5. x-intercept = 1, y-intercept = 4

4. x-intercept = -3, y-intercept = 2

2. x-intercept = -3 ; y-intercept = -2

5. x-intercept = 2; y-intercept = -3

3. x-intercept = 2; y-intercept = 2

6. x-intercept = -4; y-intercept = -3

19

Lesson 4
A.
1. m = 4, P(-2, -3)
3

4. m= 2, P(2, 2)

2. m = 3, P(0, 2)

5. m= -3, P(-2, 3)
2

3. m= -3; P(1, -1)

6. m= -3; P(1, -3)

5

20

B.
1. m = -5, y-intercept = -3
3

4. m = 2, y-intercept = -3

2. m= -1, y-intercept = 3
2

5. m= 1, y-intercept= -2
2

3. m= 3, y-intercept = 1
4

6. m= -4; y-intercept = -4

21

What have you learned

A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Linear
not linear
not linear
Linear
Linear

B.
1. 5x 8y = 8
2. 3x y = -12
3. 2x + 3y = 42
C.
1. y =

5
x+3
3

2. y =

3
x6
2

3. y = -

1
7
x +
2
2

D. 1. (1, 2), (2, 4)

3. x-intercept = 4, y-intercept = 3

22

2. slope (m) = -2, passes through (-1, 3)

23

4. slope = 4, y-intercept = -3
3