Declaration: Name Exam Seat No. Sign

DECLARATION
I, hereby, declare that this work has been carried out by me us in the
department of civil engineering, Fabtech Technical Campus College of
Engineering & Research, Sangola during the session 2014-15. This is an original
work and has not been submitted to any other university/institution for the award
of any degree.
Place: Sangola
Date:
Name
Exam Seat No.
Sign
Rajendra M. Dubal
Balasaheb P. Dolatade
Pratik S. Khadatare
Mayuresh R. Kolekar
Nana D. Patil
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We offer our sincere and hearty thanks, with a deep sense of gratitude to
our Guide Prof. Mahesh M. Bhanuse for his valuable direction and guidance to
our Project, his meticulous attention towards our Project work without taking
care of his voluminous work.
We are grateful to the Head of Department Prof. M .M. Sarvade for
providing all facilities to carry out this project work and whose encouraging part
has been perpetual source of inspiration.
We are thankful to our trustee Mr Bhausaheb Rupnar & Principal Dr. V. S.
Mathada for their encouragement towards our Project.
Last but not Least we thank our Civil Engineering staff and friends. We
were indebted for their constant help, encouragement and without whom this
Project would not have been a success.
Name
Exam Seat No.
Rajendra M. Dubal
Balasaheb P. Dolatade
Pratik S. Khadatare
Mayuresh R. Kolekar
Nana D. Patil
TABLE OF CONTENT
Certificate
Certificate of approval
ii
Declaration
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Table of content
List of tables
ix
List of figures
List of Graphs
xi
Notations
xii
Abstract
xiv
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Motivation
1.3 Open ground storey (OGS) Building
1.4 Study area

3
1.5 Objectives
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 Methodology
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
7
5
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Provisions in various codes
2.2.1 IS 1893-2002 recommendation
2.2.2 Conventional design practice
2.3 Other concepts

2.3.1 Concepts given by (Jaswant N. Arlekar,
8
8
Sudhir K. Jain and C.V.R. Murty

2.3.2 Davis and Menon (2004)
2.3.3 Das and Murthy (2004)
10
2.4 Summery
10
CHAPTER III
MODELING & ANALYSIS
11
3.1 General
11
3.2 Example frame
11
3.3 Seismic design data
12
3.4 Material properties
12
3.5 Structural elements
13
3.6 Load consideration
13
3.7 Building frame design
13
6
3.8 Modelling
14
3.8.1 Infill modelling
14
3.8.2 Magnification Factor
15
3.8.3 Pushover Analysis
15
3.9 Summery
CHAPTER IV
17
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
4.1 Results
18
18
4.1.1 Maximum bending moments in columns and beams
18
4.1.1.1 4S3B-OGS
18
4.1.1.2 4S3B-BARE
19
4.1.1.3 7S3B-OGS
20
4.1.1.4 7S3B-BARE
21
4.1.1.5 10S3B-OGS
22
4.1.1.6 10S3B-BARE
23
24
4.1.2.1 Model 4S3B-OGS, 4S3B-BARE
24
24

24
25
4.1.3.1 Pushover curve for 4S3B-BARE
25
4.1.3.2 Pushover curve for 4S3B-OGS
26
26
27
27
28
4.2 Conclusion
28
28
29
REFFERENCES
30
LIST OF TABLES
Title
Page No.
Table No 1: Example Frames
11
Table No 2: Design Parameters
12
Table No 3: Material Properties
12
Table No 4: Model 4S3B-OGS, 4S3B-BARE
19
19
19
LIST OF FIGURES
Title
Page No.
Fig. 1 Existing OGS structure
01
Fig. 2 Disaster in Bhuj earthquake
02
Fig. 3 Failure Mechanism
03
Fig. 4 Nonlinear hinges property
04
Fig. 5 Maximum B.M. in Column
18
Fig. 6 Maximum B.M. in Beam
18
Fig. 7 Graphical Representation of MF in Beams & Column
20
Fig. 8 Pushover curve
21
Fig. 9 Pushover curve for 4S3B-OGS

21
Fig. 10 Pushover curve for 7S3B-BARE
21
22
Fig. 12 Pushover curve for 10S3B-BARE
22
23
10
LIST OF GRAPHS
Title
Page No.
Graph 1 Variation of Magnification Factor in column
25
Graph 2 Max. BM in OGS
25
Graph 3 Max. BM in BARE Frame
25
11
NOTATIONS
ABBRIVIATIONS
IO
Immediate Occupancy
IS
Indian Standards
LS
Life Safety
MF
Multiplication Factor
OGS
Open Ground Storey
PA
Pushover Analysis
RC
Reinforced Concrete
RSA
Response Spectrum Analysis
Zone factor
Importance factor
Response reduction factor
Base dimension of the building
fm
Compressive strength of masonry infills
VB
Design base shear
ENGLISH
12
Sa/g
Average response acceleration coefficient for rock or soil

sites based on appropriate natural periods and damping of
the structure
Width of equivalent strut
Slope of the infill wall diagonal to the horizontal
max
Maximum displacement of a building floor
GREEK SYMBOLS
13
ABSTRACT
Present study deals with various aspects related to the performance of OGS buildings.
The main objective of present study is the study of comparative performance of OGS buildings
designed according to various MFs using nonlinear analysis. Depending on the foundations
resting on soft or hard soils, the displacement boundary conditions at the bottom of foundations
can be considered as hinged or fixed. As the modelling of soils is not in the scope of the study,
two boundary conditions, fixed and hinged, that represent two extreme conditions are
considered.
Presence of infill walls in the frames alters the behaviour of the building under lateral
loads. However, it is common industry practice to ignore the stiffness of infill wall for analysis
of framed building. Engineers believe that analysis without considering infill stiffness leads to a
conservative design. But this may not be always true, especially for vertically irregular
buildings with discontinuous infill walls. Hence, the modelling of infill walls in the seismic
analysis of framed buildings is imperative. Indian Standard IS 1893: 2002 allows analysis of
open ground storey buildings without considering infill stiffness but with a multiplication factor
2.5 in compensation for the stiffness discontinuity. As per the code the columns and beams of
the open ground storey are to be designed for 2.5 times the storey shears and moments
calculated under seismic loads of bare frames (i.e., without considering the infill stiffness).
However, as experienced by the engineers at design offices, the multiplication factor of 2.5 is
not realistic for low rise buildings. This calls for an assessment and review of the code
recommended multiplication factor for low rise open ground storey buildings. Therefore, the
objective of this thesis is defined as to check the applicability of the multiplication factor of 2.5
and to study the effect of infill strength and stiffness in the seismic analysis of low rise open
ground storey building.
14
An existing RC framed building (G+3) with open ground storey located in Seismic
Zone-V is considered for this study. This building is analysed for two different cases: (a)
considering both infill mass and infill stiffness and (b) considering infill mass but without
considering infill stiffness. Two separate models were generated using commercial software
ETabs. Infill stiffness was modelled using a diagonal strut approach. The analysis results show
that a factor of 2.5 is too high to be multiplied to the beam and column forces of the ground
storey of low-rise open ground storey buildings.
15

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DECLARATION

Exam Seat No.

Exam Seat No.

1.3 Open ground storey (OGS) Building

1.4 Study area

1.6 Scope of the study

2.2 Provisions in various codes

2.2.1 IS 1893-2002 recommendation

2.2.2 Conventional design practice

2.3 Other concepts

Sudhir K. Jain and C.V.R. Murty

2.3.3 Das and Murthy (2004)

MODELING & ANALYSIS

3.2 Example frame

3.3 Seismic design data

3.4 Material properties

3.5 Structural elements

3.6 Load consideration

3.7 Building frame design

3.8.1 Infill modelling

3.8.2 Magnification Factor

3.8.3 Pushover Analysis

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

4.1.1 Maximum bending moments in columns and beams

4.1.2 Magnification Factor

4.1.2.1 Model 4S3B-OGS, 4S3B-BARE

4.1.2.2 Model 7S3B-OGS, 7S3B-BARE

4.1.2.3 Model 10S3B-OGS, 10S3B-BARE

4.1.3.1 Pushover curve for 4S3B-BARE

4.1.3.2 Pushover curve for 4S3B-OGS

4.1.3.3 Pushover curve for 7S3B-BARE

4.1.3.4 Pushover curve for 7S3B-OGS

4.1.3.5 Pushover curve for 10S3B-BARE

4.1.3.6 Pushover curve for 10S3B-OGS

4.2.1 Magnification Factor

4.2.1 Pushover Analysis

Table No 1: Example Frames

Table No 2: Design Parameters

Table No 3: Material Properties

Table No 4: Model 4S3B-OGS, 4S3B-BARE

Table No 5: Model 7S3B-OGS, 7S3B-BARE

Table No 6: Model 10S3B-OGS, 10S3B-BARE

Fig. 1 Existing OGS structure

Fig. 2 Disaster in Bhuj earthquake

Fig. 3 Failure Mechanism

Fig. 4 Nonlinear hinges property

Fig. 5 Maximum B.M. in Column

Fig. 6 Maximum B.M. in Beam

Fig. 7 Graphical Representation of MF in Beams & Column

Fig. 8 Pushover curve

Fig. 9 Pushover curve for 4S3B-OGS

Fig. 11 Pushover curve for 7S3B-OGS

Fig. 12 Pushover curve for 10S3B-BARE

Fig. 13 Pushover curve for 10S3B-OGS

Graph 1 Variation of Magnification Factor in column

Graph 2 Max. BM in OGS

Graph 3 Max. BM in BARE Frame

Open Ground Storey