Direct On Line (DOL) Motor Starter
Direct On Line (DOL) Motor Starter
Direct On Line (DOL) Motor Starter
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N O V E M BE R 12, 2014
Typically, the contactor will be controlled by separate start and stop buttons, and an auxiliary
contact on the contactor is used, across the start button, as a hold in contact. I.e. the contactor
is electrically latched closed while the motor is operating.
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To start, the contactor is closed, applying full line voltage to the motor windings. The motor will
draw a very high inrush current for a very short time, the magnetic field in the iron, and then the
current will be limited to the Locked Rotor Current of the motor. The motor will develop Locked
Rotor Torque and begin to accelerate towards full speed.
As the motor accelerates, the current will begin to drop, but will not drop significantly until the
motor is at a high speed, typically about 85% of synchronous speed. The actual starting current
curve is a function of the motor design, and the terminal voltage, and is totally independent of
the motor load.
The motor load will affect the time taken for the motor to accelerate to full speed and therefore
the duration of the high starting current, but not the magnitude of the starting current.
Provided the torque developed by the motor exceeds the load torque at all speeds during the
start cycle, the motor will reach full speed. If the torque delivered by the motor is less than the
torque of the load at any speed during the start cycle, the motor will stops accelerating. If the
starting torque with a DOL starter is insufficient for the load, the motor must be replaced with a
motor which can develop a higher starting torque.
The acceleration torque is the torque developed by the motor minus the load torque, and will
change as the motor accelerates due to the motor speed torque curve and the load speed
torque curve. The start time is dependent on the acceleration torque and the load inertia.
DOL starting have a maximum start current and maximum start torque.
This may cause an electrical problem with the supply, or it may cause a mechanical problem
with the driven load. So this will be inconvenient for the users of the supply line, always
experience a voltage drop when starting a motor. But if this motor is not a high power one it
does not affect much.
Line-voltage magnetic motor starters are electromechanical devices that provide a safe,
convenient, and economical means of starting and stopping motors, and have the advantage of
being controlled remotely. The great bulk of motor controllers sold are of this type.
Contactors are mainly used to control machinery which uses electric motors. It consists of a coil
which connects to a voltage source. Very often for Single phase Motors, 230V coils are used
and for three phase motors, 415V coils are used. The contactor has three main NO contacts
and lesser power rated contacts named as Auxiliary Contacts [NO and NC] used for the control
circuit. A contact is conducting metal parts which completes or interrupt an electrical circuit.
l
l
NO-normally open
NC-normally closed
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Under any condition of overload, a motor draws excessive current that causes overheating.
Since motor winding insulation deteriorates due to overheating, there are established limits on
motor operating temperatures to protect a motor from overheating. Overload relays are
employed on a motor control to limit the amount of current drawn.
The overload relay does not provide short circuit protection. This is the
function of over current protective equipment like fuses and circuit breakers,
generally located in the disconnecting switch enclosure.
The ideal and easiest way for overload protection for a motor is an element with current-sensing
properties very similar to the heating curve of the motor which would act to open the motor
circuit when full-load current is exceeded. The operation of the protective device should be such
that the motor is allowed to carry harmless over-loads but is quickly removed from the line when
an overload has persisted too long.
The overload relay is the heart of motor protection. It has inverse-trip-time characteristics,
permitting it to hold in during the accelerating period (when inrush current is drawn), yet
providing protection on small overloads above the full-load current when the motor is running.
Overload relays are renewable and can withstand repeated trip and reset cycles without need of
replacement. Overload relays cannot, however, take the place of over current protection
equipment.
The overload relay consists of a current-sensing unit connected in the line to the motor, plus a
mechanism, actuated by the sensing unit, which serves, directly or indirectly, to break the circuit.
Contactor is connecting among Supply Voltage, Relay Coil and Thermal Overload Relay.
L1 of Contactor Connect (NO) to R Phase through MCCB
L2 of Contactor Connect (NO) to Y Phase through MCCB
L3 of Contactor Connect (NO) to B Phase through MCCB.
NO Contact (-||-):
l
l
(13-14 or 53-54) is a normally Open NO contact (closes when the relay energizes)
Contactor Point 53 is connecting to Start Button Point (94) and 54 Point of Contactor is
connected to Common wire of Start/Stop Button.
NC Contact (-|/|-):
(95-96) is a normally closed NC contact (opens when the thermal overloads trip if
associated with the overload block)
A1 of Relay Coil is connecting to any one Supply Phase and A2 is connecting to Thermal
over Load Relays NC Connection (95).
100%.
6 to 8 Full Load Current.
100%
A direct on line starter can be used if the high inrush current of the motor does not cause
excessive voltage drop in the supply circuit. The maximum size of a motor allowed on a
direct on line starter may be limited by the supply utility for this reason. For example, a
utility may require rural customers to use reduced-voltage starters for motors larger than
10 kW.
DOL starting is sometimes used to start small water pumps, compressors, fans and
conveyor belts.
The peak starting current would result in a serious voltage drop on the supply system
The equipment being driven cannot tolerate the effects of very high peak torque loadings
The safety or comfort of those using the equipment may be compromised by sudden
starting as, for example, with escalators and lifts.
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About Author //
Jignesh Parmar
jiguparmar - Jignesh Parmar has completed his B.E(Electrical) from
Gujarat University. He is member of Institution of Engineers
(MIE),India. Membership No:M-1473586.He has more than 12 years
experience in Transmission -Distribution-Electrical Energy theft
detection-Electrical Maintenance-Electrical Projects (PlanningDesigning-Technical Review-coordination -Execution). He is Presently
associate with one of the leading business group as a Assistant Manager at Ahmedabad,India.
He has published numbers of Technical Articles in "Electrical Mirror", "Electrical India", "Lighting
India", "Industrial Electrix"(Australian Power Publications) Magazines. He is Freelancer
Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel base Electrical Programs as per IS, NEC,
IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati, French
languages. He wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to
find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics.
30 Comments
Respected sir,
how select fuse for 3 phase motor
Prafull Patel
(reply)
N O V 0 4, 20 1 4
sir, please tell me about the sizing of overload relay(i.e. how to select
overload relay for a motor of specific capacity).
(reply)
Rahul Kumar
S E P 2 9 , 2 01 4
Hardik
Solanki
S E P 2 4 , 2 01 4
Dear sir,
we are drilling machine manufacturer, I need help, we have fitted 3-Phase
1.5HP motor in machine controlled with Reverse/Forward Switch, now we
wish to add Emergency Push Button Stop, where should I give connection
for it? what other components we require for it? (someone suggested me
pushbuttton with NC connector- but the NC has only 2 Nodes as 3-phase
must have 3 nodes in it) kindly help me,
Thanks in advance.
(reply)
EA
Fernandez
S E P 2 5 , 2 01 4
(reply)
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