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    Religiosity: 1 Components

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    Satya Vachan
    The document discusses the multiple dimensions of religiosity that have been identified in academic studies. It notes that religiosity generally has three main components - cognition, affect, and behavior. Researchers have proposed models with between four and twelve dimensions that fall within these three components. These dimensions include religious beliefs, practices, and spirituality. While dimensions are often correlated, one can score high or low on different dimensions. Genes and environment both contribute to variations in religiosity between individuals and societies.

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    Religiosity: 1 Components

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    Satya Vachan
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    The document discusses the multiple dimensions of religiosity that have been identified in academic studies. It notes that religiosity generally has three main components - cognition, affect, and behavior. Researchers have proposed models with between four and twelve dimensions that fall within these three components. These dimensions include religious beliefs, practices, and spirituality. While dimensions are often correlated, one can score high or low on different dimensions. Genes and environment both contribute to variations in religiosity between individuals and societies.

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    Religiosity

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    Religiosity

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    The document discusses the multiple dimensions of religiosity that have been identified in academic studies. It notes that religiosity generally has three main components - cognition, affect, and behavior. Researchers have proposed models with between four and twelve dimensions that fall within these three components. These dimensions include religious beliefs, practices, and spirituality. While dimensions are often correlated, one can score high or low on different dimensions. Genes and environment both contribute to variations in religiosity between individuals and societies.

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    65 views4 pages

    Religiosity: 1 Components

    Uploaded by

    Satya Vachan
    The document discusses the multiple dimensions of religiosity that have been identified in academic studies. It notes that religiosity generally has three main components - cognition, affect, and behavior. Researchers have proposed models with between four and twelve dimensions that fall within these three components. These dimensions include religious beliefs, practices, and spirituality. While dimensions are often correlated, one can score high or low on different dimensions. Genes and environment both contribute to variations in religiosity between individuals and societies.

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    of 4

    Religiosity

    1 Components
    Numerous studies have explored the dierent components of human religiosity (Brink, 1993; Hill & Hood
    1999). What most have found is that there are multiple dimensions (they often employ factor analysis). For
    instance, Cornwall, Albrecht, Cunningham and Pitcher
    (1986) identify six dimensions of religiosity based on the
    understanding that there are at least three components to
    religious behavior: knowing (cognition in the mind), feeling (aect to the spirit), and doing (behavior of the body).
    For each of these components of religiosity there were
    two cross classications resulting in the six dimensions:[4]

    The Gallup Religiosity Index, 2009. (light color indicates religious, dark nonreligious)[1]

    Cognition
    traditional orthodoxy
    particularistic orthodoxy
    Aect
    Palpable
    Tangible
    Behavior

    A map of the importance of religion to peoples daily lives, as


    self-reported, by the Gallup Poll (2006-2008).[2]

    religious behavior
    religious participation
    Other researchers have found dierent dimensions, ranging generally from four to twelve components. What most
    measures of religiosity nd is that there is at least some
    distinction between religious doctrine, religious practice,
    and spirituality.

    For example, one can accept the truthfulness of the Bible


    (belief dimension), but never attend a church or even belong to an organized religion (practice dimension). Another example is an individual who does not hold orthoA map of the importance of religion, by the Pew Research Center
    [3]
    dox Christian doctrines (belief dimension), but does at(2002).
    tend a charismatic worship service (practice dimension)
    in order to develop his/her sense of oneness with the
    Religiosity, in its broadest sense, is a comprehensive divine (spirituality dimension).
    sociological term used to refer to the numerous aspects An individual could disavow all doctrines associated with
    of religious activity, dedication, and belief (religious organized religions (belief dimension), not aliate with
    doctrine). Another term that would work equally well, an organized religion or attend religious services (practice
    though less often used, is religiousness.
    dimension), and at the same time be strongly committed
    In its narrowest sense, religiosity deals more with how
    religious a person is, and less with how a person is
    religious (in practicing certain rituals, retelling certain
    stories, revering certain symbols, or accepting certain
    doctrines about deities and afterlife).

    to a higher power and feel that the connection with that


    higher power is ultimately relevant (spirituality dimension). These are explanatory examples of the broadest dimensions of religiosity and that they may not be reected
    in specic religiosity measures.
    1

    Most dimensions of religiosity are correlated, meaning


    people who often attend church services (practice dimension) are also likely to score highly on the belief and spirituality dimensions. But individuals do not have to score
    high on all dimensions or low on all dimensions; their
    scores can vary by dimension.
    Sociologists have diered over the exact number of components of religiosity. Charles Glock's ve-dimensional
    approach (Glock, 1972: 39) was among the rst of its
    kind in the eld of sociology of religion.[5] Other sociologists adapted Glocks list to include additional components (see for example, a six component measure by
    Mervin F. Verbit).[6][7][8]

    REFERENCES

    2.2 Intelligence levels


    Main article: Religiosity and intelligence
    Many academic studies have found a negative relationship between religiosity (measured as religious practices,
    spiritual beliefs, etc.) and intelligence (measured as IQ or
    EI) that is, religious believers are generally less intelligent than irreligious people are. A 2013 meta-analysis of
    scientic studies about IQ and religiosity found a reliable
    negative relation between intelligence and religiosity in
    53 out of 63 studies.[12]

    2.3 Just-world hypothesis

    2
    2.1

    Contributions
    Genes and environment

    Studies have found belief in a just world to be correlated


    with aspects of religiousness.[13][14]

    3 See also
    Demographics of atheism
    Religion and personality
    Spiritual But Not Religious
    Demographics:
    Importance of religion by country
    Religiosity and intelligence
    Religion and happiness
    Religiosity and education

    National welfare spending vs church attendance in Christian societies.

    The contributions of genes and environment to religiosity


    have been quantied in studies of twins (Bouchard et al.,
    1999; Kirk et al., 1999) and sociological studies of welfare, availability, and legal regulations [9] (state religions,
    etc.).
    Koenig et al. (2005) report that the contribution of genes
    to variation in religiosity (called heritability) increases
    from 12% to 44% and the contribution of shared (family)
    eects decreases from 56% to 18% between adolescence
    and adulthood.[10]
    A market-based theory of religious choice and governmental regulation of religion have been the dominant theories used to explain variations of religiosity between societies. However, Gill and Lundsgaarde (2004) [11] documented a much stronger correlation between welfare
    state spending and religiosity. See Welfare spending vs
    Church attendance diagram on the right.

    4 References
    [1] The Religiosity Index is a measure of the importance of
    religion for respondents and their self-reported attendance
    of religious services. For religions in which attendance
    at services is limited, care must be used in interpreting
    the data. (Gallup WorldView), (Religiosity Highest in
    Worlds Poorest Nations, Gallup Global Reports, August
    31, 2010, retrieved 2014-01-23)
    [2] In 2006, 2007, and 2008, Gallup asked representative
    samples in 143 countries and territories whether religion
    was an important part of their daily lives. This map is
    based on the results, and shows religiosity by country,
    ranging from the least religious to the most religious on
    a relative basis. Data from 2009 Gallup poll.
    [3] Pew Research Center Report, 2002
    [4] Cornwall; Albrecht, Cunningham, Pitcher (1986). The
    Dimensions of Religiosity: A Conceptual Model with an
    Empirical Test. Review of Religious Research 27 (3):
    226244. doi:10.2307/3511418. Cite uses deprecated
    parameter |coauthors= (help)

    [5] Glock, C. Y. (1972) On the Study of Religious Commitment in J. E. Faulkner (ed.) Religions Inuence in Contemporary Society, Readings in the Sociology of Religion,
    Ohio: Charles E. Merril: 38-56.

    Kirk KM, Eaves LJ, Martin NG. Self-transcendence


    as a measure of spirituality in a sample of older
    Australian twins. Twin Res. 1999 Jun;2(2):81-7.
    PMID 10480742

    [6] Verbit, M. F. (1970). The components and dimensions of


    religious behavior: Toward a reconceptualization of religiosity. American mosaic, 24, 39.

    Winter T. Kaprio J, Viken RJ, Karvonen S, Rose


    RJ. Individual dierences in adolescent religiosity
    in Finland: familial eects are modied by sex and
    region of residence. Twin Res. 1999 Jun;2(2):10814. PMID 10480745

    [7] Kkcan, T. (2010). Multidimensional Approach to Religion: a way of looking at religious phenomena. Journal
    for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 4(10), 60-70.
    [8] http://www.eskieserler.com/dosyalar/mpdf%20(1135)
    .pdf
    [9] Nolan, P., & Lenski, G. E. (2010). Human societies: Introduction to macrosociology. Boulder, CO: Paradigm
    Publisher.
    [10] L. B. Koenig, M. McGue, R. F. Krueger and T. J.
    Bouchard, Jr. (2005). Genetic and environmental inuences on religiousness: ndings for retrospective and current religiousness ratings. Journal of Personality, 73, 47188
    [11] Gill, Anthony; Erik Lundsgaarde (2004). State Welfare
    Spending and Religiosity. Comparative Political Studies
    16 (4): 399436. doi:10.1177/1043463104046694. Free
    PDF
    [12] Akshat Rathi, New meta-analysis checks the correlation
    between intelligence and faith, Ars Technica, 11 August
    2013.
    [13] Begue, L. (2002). Beliefs in justice and faith in people:
    just world, religiosity and interpersonal trust. Personality
    and Individual Dierences, 32(3), 375-382.
    [14] Kurst, J., Bjorck, J., & Tan, S. (2000). Causal attributions
    for uncontrollable negative events. Journal of Psychology
    and Christianity, 19, 4760.

    External links
    Bouchard TJ Jr, McGue M, Lykken D, Tellegen
    A. Intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness: genetic and
    environmental inuences and personality correlates.
    Twin Res. 1999 Jun;2(2):88-98.
    Brink, T.L. 1993. Religiosity: measurement. in
    Survey of Social Science: Psychology, Frank N.
    Magill, Ed., Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 1993, pp.
    20962102.
    Cornwall, M., Albrecht, S.L., Cunningham, P.H.,
    and Pitcher, B.L. 1986. The dimensions of religiosity: A conceptual model with an empirical test. Review of Religious Research, 27:226-244.
    Hill, Peter C. and Hood, Ralph W. Jr. 1999. Measures of Religiosity. Birmingham, Alabama: Religious Education Press. ISBN 0-89135-106-X

    6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

    Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

    6.1

    Text

    Religiosity Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religiosity?oldid=659699314 Contributors: Bdesham, Quizkajer, Ashley Y, Nagelfar,


    Everyking, Andycjp, Indolering, Neutrality, RTCearly, Rich Farmbrough, Andrewpmk, Tariqabjotu, MGTom, Rjwilmsi, Goingin, Quiddity, Action potential, Gadget850, SmackBot, Jtneill, Fishhead64, Tim bates, Keahapana, Iridescent, Penbat, Tawkerbot4, DouglasReay,
    Mattisse, Tlbrink, Gabriel Kielland, Lyonscc, MartinBot, WotherspoonSmith, Joie de Vivre, Zara1709, Treisijs, Umalee, DSGruss, Docleaf,
    Realbie, Ziggy2008~enwiki, Dwrcan, Zik2, Avoided, SilvonenBot, Addbot, Yobot, Tempodivalse, AnomieBOT, 90, Citation bot, LucienBOT, Zygryk, RjwilmsiBot, Unreal7, Mattjmitchell92, Widr, Salcombe1, ChrisGualtieri, Dreamatorium, Nathanielrst, I.am.a.qwerty,
    BayBall2398, Matsutonka, Monkbot and Anonymous: 32

    6.2

    Images

    File:Church_Attendance_and_Welfare_Spending_Graph.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/66/Church_


    Attendance_and_Welfare_Spending_Graph.png License: Fair use Contributors:
    Academic paper, Welfare State Spending and Religiosity Original artist: ?
    File:Gallup_Religiosity_Index_2009.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Gallup_Religiosity_Index_
    2009.png License: Public domain Contributors: Gallup WorldView Original artist: Emilfaro
    File:Religion_in_the_world.PNG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Religion_in_the_world.PNG License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Self made, data from 2009 Gallup poll. Original artist: Sbw01f
    File:Religious_importance.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Religious_importance.png License:
    Public domain Contributors: (self-made)- Pew Research Center Report, 2002[1] Original artist: Created by: Moshin, Sourced by: Jersyko
    File:Wikiversity-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
    Contributors: Snorky (optimized and cleaned up by verdy_p) Original artist: Snorky (optimized and cleaned up by verdy_p)

    6.3

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