ADB
ADB
ADB
Introduction
Bangladesh has succeeded in achieving a steady reduction of poverty incidence, with the
population living below the national poverty line steadily falling over the past 2 decades. The
country is now on track to achieve most of the Millennium Development Goals.
Under the country partnership strategy, 2011-2015, for Bangladesh, ADB supports the efforts of
the government to make growth more inclusive and greener by improving connectivity,
promoting skills, improving financial markets, boosting energy efficiency and access, promoting
public-private partnerships, making cities more livable, improving the management of water
resources, and reducing flood risk.
Bangladesh has succeeded in achieving a steady reduction of poverty incidence, with the
population living below the national poverty line steadily falling over the past 2 decades. The
country is now on track to achieve most of the Millennium Development Goals.
Under the country partnership strategy, 2011-2015, for Bangladesh, ADB supports the efforts of
the government to make growth more inclusive and greener by improving connectivity,
promoting skills, improving financial markets, boosting energy efficiency and access, promoting
public-private partnerships, making cities more livable, improving the management of water
resources, and reducing flood risk.
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Summary
This report presents the results of a development effectiveness review of the
Asian Development Bank (ADB). The ADB was established in 1966 and serves
as a major source of development financing for countries in Asia. Headquartered
in Manila, the ADB had over US$21.7 billion in financing and more than 2,900
employees from 59 countries in 2011.1 Its mandate is to reduce poverty and to
improve the lives of the poor in the region by fostering economic growth and
regional cooperation.
The ADBs current strategic plans and priorities are stated in its long-term
strategic framework for 2008 to 2020, Strategy 2020: Working for an Asia
Pacific Free of Poverty.
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Origins
ADB was conceived amid the postwar rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts of the
early 1960s. The vision was of a financial institution that would be Asian in character
and foster economic growth and cooperation in the region - then one of the poorest in
the world.
A resolution passed at the first Ministerial Conference on Asian Economic Cooperation
held by the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East in 1963 set
that vision on the way to becoming reality.
The Philippines capital of Manila was chosen to host the new institution - the Asian
Development Bank - which opened on 19 December 1966, with 31 members that came
together to serve a predominantly agricultural region. Takeshi Watanabe was ADB's first
President.
For the rest of the 1960s, ADB focused much of its assistance on food production and
rural development. Its operations included ADB's first technical assistance, loans,
including a first on concessional terms in 1969, and bond issue in Germany.
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In 21st century
With the new century, a new focus on helping its developing members achieve the
Millennium Development Goals and making development more effective was adopted
within ADB.
In 2003, a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic hit the region, making it
clear that fighting infectious diseases requires regional cooperation. ADB began
providing support at national and regional levels to help countries more effectively
respond to avian influenza and the growing threat of HIV/AIDS.
ADB also had to respond to unprecedented natural disasters, committing more than
$850 million for recovery in areas of India, Indonesia, Maldives, and Sri Lanka hit by the
December 2004 Asian tsunami. In addition, a $1 billion line of assistance to help victims
of the October 2005 earthquake in Pakistan was set up.
In 2008, ADB's Board of Directors approved Strategy 2020: The Long-Term Strategic
Framework of the Asian Development Bank 2008-2020, a policy document guiding its
operations to 2020.
In 2009, ADB's Board of Governors agreed to triple ADB's capital base from $55 billion
to $165 billion, giving it much-needed resources to respond to the global economic
crisis. The 200% increase is the largest in ADB's history, and the first since the 1994
100% capital increase.
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Strategy 2020: The Long-Term Strategic Framework of the Asian Development Bank
2008-2020 reaffirms both ADB's vision of an Asia and Pacific free of poverty and its
mission to help developing member countries improve the living conditions and quality
of life of their people.
Strategy 2020 promotes three complementary agendas on inclusive economic growth,
environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration.
To achieve these goals, Strategy 2020 identifies drivers of change that will be stressed
in all its operations - developing the private sector, encouraging good governance,
supporting gender equity, helping developing countries gain knowledge, and expanding
partnerships with other development institutions, the private sector, and with communitybased organizations.
Under Strategy 2020 selectivity and focus would be achieved by concentrating 80% of
ADB's operations in five core operational areasinfrastructure, environment, regional
cooperation and integration (RCI), finance sector development, and education. Support
for other areas of operations, such as health, agriculture, and disaster and emergency
assistance, is to be selectively provided.
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Key Facts
President and Chairperson of
TakehikoNakao
Offices
Founded
1966
Budget
2014 Budget
Financing in 2013
$21.02 billion
Subscribed capital
$162.80 billion
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Board of Directors
The 12 members of the Board of Directors are elected by the Board of
Governors. Eight of those 12 are elected by member countries from
within the Asia Pacific region, and the four others are elected by
member countries from outside the region. Each Director appoints an
Alternate. The President of ADB chairs the Board of Directors.
The Board of Directors performs its duties full time at the ADB headquarters in Manila,
Philippines, and holds formal and executive sessions regularly. The Directors supervise
ADB's financial statements, approve its administrative budget, and review and approve
all policy documents and all loan, equity, and technical assistance operations.
Contact ADB's Board of Directors.
Director
Alternate
Director
Anthony Baker
Richard Sisson
David Murchison
Armand Evers
Richard Edwards
Mario Sander
BhimantaraWidyajala
Dominic WaltonFrance
MPDUK
MapaPathirana
Members Represented
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Director
Alternate
Director
Members Represented
Viet Nam
Muhammad Sami
Saeed
Gaudencio
Hernandez, Jr.
Maurizio Ghirga
Ren Legrand
Kazuhiko Koguchi
Hideo Fukushima
Japan
Umesh Kumar
Iqbal Mahmood
Robert M. Orr
Michael Strauss
United States
KhinKhinLwin
Zhongjing Wang
Guoqi Wu
as of 1 October 2014
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Roles in development
Infrastructure
Transportation and Communications
2010: Sustainable Transport Initiative Operational Plan
Energy
2009: Energy Policy
Water
2011: Water Operational Plan 2011-2020
2001: Water for All: The Water Policy of the Asian Development Bank
Urban Infrastructure
Environment
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2010: Addressing Climate Change in Asia and the Pacific: Priorities for Action
Education
2008: Education and Skills: Strategies for Accelerated Development in Asia and the
Pacific
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Health
2008: An Operational Plan For Improving Health Access and Outcomes Under Strategy
2020
Agriculture
2009: Operational Plan for Sustainable Food Security in Asia and Pacific
2008: Action Plan for Implementing ADB Disaster and Emergency Assistance Policy
2008: Positioning ADB Disaster and Emergency Assistance Policy in the Changing
Regional Environment
Roles in development
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A picture is worth a thousand words, the saying goes, and staff at Kamargaon Model
Government Primary School near the town of Narsingdhi in Bangladesh seem to have
taken it to the letter. In class, teachers often initiate what they describe as a picture
discussion.
This is how we get students interested in a difficult subject, says 40-year-old teacher
Md. Quamruzzaman. When they see the picture on a multimedia screen, they hardly
get bored.
His students agree. I like to learn by seeing the picture on a screen. Its as if Im
watching a cartoon movie on television, says Asia Islam, the 11-year-old daughter of
Sukkur Ali, a mason and Mosammat Mina Begum, a homemaker.
The novel approach to teaching seems to be yielding results. In 2013, Kamargaon
School was judged to be the best school among about 500 government-run primary
schools in Narsinghdi district in recognition of the students performance.
But information technology is only one of the tools used to attract children to school and
retain them until they complete fifth grade. Reward schemes and debating competitions
are also part of the strategy.
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DHAKA, BANGLADESH The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a $125
million loan to improve services and governance in pourashavasor municipalities
across Bangladesh, making them more livable and attractive, and helping to ease
population pressures in major cities.
The two largest cities of Dhaka and Chittagong now account for nearly half of
Bangladeshs urban population and to ease the effects of overcrowding, it is essential to
develop livable district towns with quality infrastructure and that are well managed, said
Norio Saito, Principal Urban Development Specialist with ADBs South Asia
Department. This assistance will support that goal and help Bangladesh create model
towns for possible future replication.
Many pourashavas suffer from weak oversight and are struggling to provide citizens with
key services including drinking water, sanitation, solid waste management and drainage
systems. In response, ADB has already been providing support for improved services
under an urban governance action program.
The new project, which is part of the program, will provide assistance to 30 pourahsavas
with a total population of 2.2 million, including 20 district headquarters towns. These
administrative, trade and economic centers, and transportation and distribution hubs,
are crucial for more balanced development in Bangladesh.
The loan funds will be used to upgrade infrastructure and services, including roads,
drainage and sanitation systems, piped water supplies, and solid waste collection and
disposal. They will also be used to strengthen the ability of municipalities to carry out
urban planning, financial management, and service delivery.
Some of the expected benefits will include reduced travel time and cost savings from
better roads, health improvements from piped water and solid waste collection, and
more citizen participationincluding by women and poor and marginalized groupsin
governance and provision of basic services.
Reflecting lessons from previous ADB project assistance, the target pourashavas will be
eligible for additional phased funding support as they meet performance-based targets
linked to governance reforms.
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Along with ADBs loan, OPEC Fund for International Development will provide
cofinancing of $40 million alongside government and pourashava counterpart support of
$71 million, for a total project cost of $236 million. The projects are expected to be
completed at the end of June 2020.
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The Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2014 presents the latest key statistics
on development issues concerning the economies of Asia and the Pacific.
The Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2014, the 45th edition of this series, includes
the latest available economic, financial, social, and environmental indicators for the 48
regional members of the Asian Development Bank. It presents the latest key statistics
on development issues concerning the economies of Asia and the Pacific to a wide
audience, including policy makers, development practitioners, government officials,
researchers, students, and the general public. Part I of this issue is a special chapter
Poverty in Asia: A Deeper Look. Parts II and III are composed of brief, nontechnical
analyses and statistical tables on the Millennium Development Goals and eight other
themes. The publication is supplemented by the fourth edition of the Framework of
Inclusive Growth Indicators.
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Rewarding success
In recognition of the role parents play in sending their children to school, the authorities
at Kamargaon Primary School have introduced prizes for mothers based on the
childrens attendance rates and exam results.
This works as incentives for mothers to prevent their children from staying away from
school, says 48-year-old head teacher JakariaBhuiyan.
The prizes are usually a water pot or kitchenware, says government education officer
DilrubaYeasmin who visits the school every two months to monitor attendance. The
honor associated with the prizes matter, she says.
Razia Sultana, a 32-year-old mother from Kamargaon village explains why this scheme
is effective for children and parents alike. My daughter is so serious about attending the
class. She knows that I will get a prize if she attends class regularly.
Over the past five years, the school has maintained a class attendance rate of over 95%
and registered no dropouts, compared to the national average attendance rate of 61%
and a dropout rate of 33%.
Kabutarkhola Government Primary School in neighboring Munshiganj district can boast
similar success rates.
New approach
Like thousands of other schools across Bangladesh, these two institutions are reaping
the benefits of a five-year primary education development program that was coordinated
by ADB and completed in 2012.
Bangladesh has one of the largest primary education systems in the world with 16.53
million students, over 365,000 teachers, and more than 81,000 schools as of 2009.
Despite significant progress made in recent years toward providing universal access to
free primary education, the country still faces problems with its retention rate, and
inequity and the quality of education. In 2013, almost 500,000 children aged between
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six and 10 years were reported to be out of school and only three out of four of those
who enroll eventually reach grade five.
Many teachers still follow traditional teaching methods, forcing students to memorize
lessons instead of encouraging them to be creative, imaginative, and innovative.
Schools like Kamargaon and Kabutorkhola, however, show that there are new
approaches to education that can make a difference.
At the Kabutorkhola School, students take part in monthly debates on a variety of
subjects. In their latest debate, the grade five students debated the positive and
negative aspects of rural and urban life. Ten-year-old MousumiAkterMou led one group
speaking for rural life, while Mohammad Mehdi Hasan represented the opposite view.
Mous group won the hour-long debate, watched by the entire school in a new building
constructed under the ADB-assisted program.
There is a lot of fun and entertainment in our school, says Mou, wearing a broad smile
on her face. I love to come to school every day.
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Financing Operations
Public Sector (Sovereign) Financing
ADB $300 Million Loan to Continue Power Upgrades in
India's Assam State
MANILA, PHILIPPINES (3 July 2014) The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has
approved a $300 million loan to help Indias northeastern Assam state continue its drive
to eliminate power sector inefficiencies that are hurting its consumers, its world-famous
tea industry, and its environment.
More than a third of households in the state face daily electricity cuts of 5 to 6 hours,
many important businesses, such as the tea gardens, still arent connected to the grid,
and in peak periods Assam has to buy up to 15% of its power from independent
producers at very high cost, said HerathGunatilake, Lead Energy Specialist with ADBs
South Asia Department. By funding measures to cut load shedding, the loan is
expected to benefit over 2.7 million consumers.
The multitranche loan facility, which is part of a broader 10-year, $3.5 billion state
investment program, will fund generation and distribution upgrades, including the
construction of a 120-megawatt hydropower plant. It will also finance new energy
efficient generating equipment at existing plants, new distribution lines and substations,
and financial management training and other support for staff of the state power
companies, Assam Power Generation Corporation and Assam Power Distribution
Company.
The project will bolster Assam Power Distribution Companys finances by allowing it to
lower purchases of expensive electricity from independent power producers. Meanwhile,
the planned Lower Kopili run-of-the-river hydropower plant in central Assam will help the
state avoid over 530,000 tons per annum of carbon dioxide emissions that would
otherwise be produced by fossil fuel-driven generation.
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Approved Projects
Country
India
Project Number
48209-001
PS
Financing
Status
Approved
Approval Number
3175/3175
Approval Date
16 Oct 2014
Sector
Energy
Subsector
Strategic Agendas
Drivers of Change
Safeguard Categories
Environment: B
Resettlement: B
Indigenous People: C
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Project Data Sheets (PDS) contain summary information on the project or program.
Because the PDS is a work in progress, some information may not be included in its
initial version but will be added as it becomes available. Information about proposed
projects is tentative and indicative.
The Public Communications Policy (PCP) recognizes that transparency and
accountability are essential to development effectiveness. It establishes the disclosure
requirements for documents and information ADB produces or requires to be produced.
The Accountability Mechanism provides a forum where people adversely affected by
ADB-assisted projects can voice and seek solutions to their problems and report alleged
noncompliance of ADB's operational policies and procedures.
View the latest procurement notices for Goods, Works and Related Services,
or Consulting Services.
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1000, Bangladesh
BRAC Bank Limited
01, Gulshan Avenue, Gulshan-1, Dhaka - 1212,
Bangladesh
Dhaka Bank Limited
BimanBhaban (1st Floor), 100 Motijheel C/A,
Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Dutch Bangla Bank Limited
SenaKalyanBhaban, 3rd Floor, 195 Motijheel
Commercial Area, Dhaka1000, Bangladesh
Eastern Bank Limited
JibanBimaBhaban, 10, Dilkusha, C.A., Dhaka-1000,
Bangladesh
Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited*
Symphony, Plot #SE (F) -9, Road No -142, Gulshan
Avenue, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
National Bank Limited*
18 Dilkusha C/A, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
National Credit and Commerce Bank Ltd.
7-8, Motijheel C/A, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Prime Bank Limited
I119-120, Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka1000,
Bangladesh
Southeast Bank Limited
Eunoos Trade Centre (Level 3), 52-53 Dilkusha
Commercial Area, Dhaka- 1000, Bangladesh
United Commercial Bank Ltd.
Federation Bhaban (4th - 6th Floor) 60, Motijheel
Commercial Area, Dhaka - 1000, Bangladesh
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AllgemeineSparkasseOberosterreich Bank AG
Sparkassenplatz 2, 4041, Linz, Austria
Deutsche Bank (Vienna Branch)
Hohenstaufengasse 4, A-1010, Vienna, Austria
Erste Bank
Beethovenplatz 2, A-1010, Vienna, Austria
IntesaSanpaolo (Wien Branch)
Kolingasse 12, 1090, Wien, Austria
Oberbank AG
UntereDonaulande 28, 4020, Linz, Austria
OsterreichischeVolksbanken-Aktiengesellschaft
Peregringasse 3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
Raiffeisen Bank International AG
Am Stadtpark 9, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
RaiffeisenlandesbankOberosterreichAktiengesellschaft
Europlatz 1a, 4020, Linz, Austria
UniCredit Bank Austria AG
Am Hof 2 A-1010, Vienna, Austria
AZERBAIJAN
National Bank of Pakistan (Baku Branch)
Baku Branch 41, Istiqlaliyyet Street, AZ1001 , Baku, Azerbaijan
BAHAMAS, The
State Bank of India (Nassau Branch)
Nassau OBU, Suite 201, Saffrey Square, Bay Street, PO Box No. N 3118,
Nassau, Bahamas
Page 2 of 43
Trade Finance Program
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Proposed Projects
48325-001: PHI: 150 MW Burgos Wind Farm Project
Philippines
Project Number
48325-001
PS
Financing
Status
Proposed
Sector
Energy
Subsector
Strategic Agendas
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Partnerships (PAR)
Private sector development (PSD)
Safeguard Categories
Environment: B
Resettlement: B
Indigenous People: C
Project Data Sheets (PDS) contain summary information on the project or program.
Because the PDS is a work in progress, some information may not be included in its
initial version but will be added as it becomes available. Information about proposed
projects is tentative and indicative.
The Public Communications Policy (PCP) recognizes that transparency and
accountability are essential to development effectiveness. It establishes the disclosure
requirements for documents and information ADB produces or requires to be produced.
The Accountability Mechanism provides a forum where people adversely affected by
ADB-assisted projects can voice and seek solutions to their problems and report alleged
noncompliance of ADB's operational policies and procedures.
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Description
The main objective of the project is to construct the second track between Laksam and
Akhaura to complete the seamless double track railway line in the Dhaka-Chittagong
corridor and to upgrade the existing track according to the requirements of the Trans
Asian Railway network. Dhaka and Chittagong are the two major metropolitan areas of
Bangladesh. Dhaka is the main commercial and administrative center of the country;
Chittagong is the primary seaport, accounting for about 90% of imports and ... Read
More
Country
Bangladesh
Project Number
46168-001
Technical Assistance
Loan
Financing
Status
Approved
Approval Numbers
TA No. 8731
Loan No. 3169
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30 Sep 2014
505,600
Sector
Transport
Subsector
Strategic Agendas
Drivers of Change
Categories
(EGM)
Safeguard Categories
Environment: B
Resettlement: A
Indigenous People: C
Project Data Sheets (PDS) contain summary information on the project or program.
Because the PDS is a work in progress, some information may not be included in its
initial version but will be added as it becomes available. Information about proposed
projects is tentative and indicative.
The Public Communications Policy (PCP) recognizes that transparency and
accountability are essential to development effectiveness. It establishes the disclosure
requirements for documents and information ADB produces or requires to be produced.
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Related Projects
Project Data Sheets (PDS) contain summary information on the project or program.
Because the PDS is a work in progress, some information may not be included in its
initial version but will be added as it becomes available. Information about proposed
projects is tentative and indicative.
The Public Communications Policy (PCP) recognizes that transparency and
accountability are essential to development effectiveness. It establishes the disclosure
requirements for documents and information ADB produces or requires to be produced.
.
Findings
1. Relevance of interventions: Programming activities and outputs are relevant to the needs of
the target group and its members;
2. The achievement of development effectiveness objectives and expected results: The
programming contributes to the achievement of development objectives and expected results at
the national and local level in developing countries (including positive impacts for target group
members);
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3. Sustainability of results and benefits: The benefits experienced by target group members and
the results achieved are sustainable;
4. Efficiency: The programming is delivered in a cost efficient manner;
Limitations
1. ADB is a largest Bank among the financial institutions, we could not go through
all the projects of this bank which is doing all over the world.
2. We found that time was not sufficient for conducting an effective study.
Conclusion
In current times Financing has become an important area for
Commercial Banks in Bangladesh. To align its corporate policy with the
regulation of Central Bank, banks have become more concerned about
SME and opened windows to conduct business in this particular area.
ADB Ltd has been established on the visionary to finance in order to
bring economic development of the country. With its unique thinking
and impressive business strategies it has proven small and medium
enterprises as an emerging economic opportunity.