IJERT Paper Template

IOT Enabling Modular Wireless Controller Using
6LowPAN Technology
Nikhil PS
SELECT Dept, VIT University
Guided by : Dr.Prabhu KR, Praveen Hegde
AbstractInternet of things is the latest advancement
in the internet world which can connect millions of devices
to the network. This paper brings out 6LowPAN wireless
technology which enables energy efficient and long range
data transmission between motes and then connects to
internet through an edge router. The idea is to enable
internet connectivity to simple devices, using contiki os as
the operating system.
KeywordsInternet of things, 6LowPAN, Contiki OS
I.
INTRODUCTION
ipv6 enabled 6lowpan wireless technology. The ipv6 will

enable 128 bit address rather than 32 bit address of ipv4
which makes sure that we never run out of ip addresses
[4]. The data can be monitored and controlled using
smart phone mobile application if the phone have
internet service [2].
2.
PROPOSED
ARCHITECTURE
SYSTEM
AND
The Block diagram representation of the proposed

system is shown below in figure 1.
A. Overview
The internet of things can be defined as linking

everyday equipments like mobiles, washing machines,
televisions, sensors etc. to the internet world where it
can be intelligently controlled and monitored. It enables
various ways to establish communication between
devices and humans [1]. In the fast growing world of
Internet and communication innovation, our lives are
progressively driven to another dimension of enhanced
reality.
The importance of enabling IOT to the device has
become significant since last couple of years. According
to scientific research, 2 billion devices are expected to be
connected to the internet by the year 2021 at the rate of
36% increase per year. New wireless technologies are
being introduced to the market day by day and one
among the new intervention is the 6LowPAN wireless
technology, which introduces energy efficient and long
range communication, most suited for industrial
application [5].The 6lowPAN is the acronym for ipv6
low power wireless personal area network and the
concept was introduced with the idea of providing
internet protocol even to the smallest of devices.
B. Advantage of the iot enabling system
The sensor and actuator system are devices which we

come across daily and if the system can be controlled
remotely then it will be an added advantage for the
users. This proposed system enables IOT to the needed
products. The sensor data will be acquired from the
system and is packed as data frame ,which is then send
to the remote mote connected to the internet through
Figure 1
The system which we need to control and monitor
comprises of sensors and actuators. The devices like
washing machine, air conditioners, lighting systems can
be considered as the system mentioned here. The sensors
like light sensor, temperature sensor, accelerometer can
be connected to the internet to monitor the conditions.
The data acquired from the system is given to the input
section of the enabling hardware. The data get processed
in the controller and packed for transmission to remote
mote. The mote will act as a transmitter in the
monitoring section and as receiver in the controlling
section. The 6lowpan wireless data transfer is enabled by
the hardware which enables energy efficient and long
range transmission. The RPL (Routing protocol for low
power and lossy networks) routing protocol is
established by the device, with which this routers will
act as ipv6 routers.
The receiver at the other end of the system which is

located inside the transmission range of 6lowpan will
receive the packed data .The receiver node will be
connected to the internet through an edge router. The
receiver will unpack the headers and get the data
payload, which is transferred to the edge router.
The edge router is a device which acts as the entry point
for a system to inter network. The receiver node will be
connected to the edge router devices like beaglebone
black, Rasberry pi, ENCH 28J60 etc. These devices will
connect the hardware to internet. The edge routers will
assign the ip address to the devices connected to the
network.
The cloud service and computing will provide on
demand network access to devices and computers. The
devices connected to the cloud can be monitored and
controlled from anywhere if we have internet services.
The cloud providers which can be explored for iot are
ibm cloud for internet of things, thingsqaure cloud etc.
A. 6LowPAN Protocol
The 6Lowpan protocol stack comprise of IEEE
801.15.4 physical layer & MAC layer, adaptation layer,
network layer, transport layer and application layer. The
main distinction between OSI and 6LLowpan layer is the
inclusion of adaptation layer.
Figure 2
The physical layer provides two services PHY data
service and PHY management service which includes
radio transmission of data. PHY consist of
synchronisation header, physical layer header and phy
payload. SHR encompasses preamble & SFID and PHR
encompasses frame length. The PHY payload should be
a maximum of 128 bytes
The MAC layer enables data transmission and
reception. MAC layer includes data frame for data
transfer, beacon frame for synchronization, command
frame for management entity and acknowledgement
frame for acknowledgement. These headers are shown in
the figure 2.
The Adaptation layer has three primary elements

fragmentation and reassembly, header compression and
routing. The ipv6 data packet is of 1280 bytes, since the
IEEE 802.15.4 payload is of only 128 bytes the data
should be fragmented for transmission and the data is
reassembled in the receiver end. The ipv6 header size is
40bytes, UDP and icmpv6 are 4 bytes each, and
fragmentation header adds another 5 bytes IEEE
802.15.4 frame which has maximum packet size of 128
bytes so header compression is needed for efficient
transfer. RPL is the routing protocol used for 6Lowpan
for routing.
The 6LoWPAN network layer provides the
internetworking capability to sensor nodes. Auto
configuration and neighbor discovery is established by
network layer. The transport layer includes either UDP
or TCP protocol. At the destination side the UDP or TCP
packets are send by the network layer , the data are
processed based on the protocol used for transmission
and is transferred to the application layer. For specific
application the 6lowpan application layer uses socket
interface. Each application opens a socket which is used
to receive or send packets
B. RPL Routing
RPL abbreviated as routing protocol for low power
and lossy network, is used as routing protocol in
6Lowpan for energy efficient data transfer which is most
suited for industrial application where energy
consumption is the prime constrain. RPL provides an
operation where multi point to point traffic from devices
in the network to a central point and vice versa are
supported. The LLN network consist of UDP client and
UDP server which is the gateway.
RPL protocol starts when the root node triggers
DODAG formation by sending DODAG information
object message to neighbors. The root node rank will be
0 and the node rank gets updated while DIO message
traverse. The node chooses its parent node which will act
as the route to root node. The rank and the path will be
formed as shown in the figure 3.
Figure 3
UDP client is the node where the sensors and
actuators are connected. UDP client mainly does two
tasks, sets up UDP connection and transfer packet to the

server/gateway periodically
Figure 6
A. Hardware required
Figure 4
UDP server will act as the gateway for transferring
the data from client to the network.The primary tasks of
the UDP servers are initializing the RPL DAG ( Directed
acyclic graph), sets up UDP connection, delays for the
reception of packet from the server and transfers to the
gateway.
1. TI CC2538 Development kit- It includes

two RF evaluation modules, two
development boards and sniffer for packet
sniffing.CC2538 is an SOC ARM cortex M3
based processor which can be used for
internet of things application and 6lowpan
wireless communication
2. ENCH28J60 H- it is an Ethernet controller
in a compact form and a lan connector with
build in transformer. Provides the gateway
to the internet through wifi router.
B. Software required
Figure 5
3.IMPLEMENTATION
In order to test the proposed model we have chosed
the three colored leds in the board as the sensing and
actuating systems. The leds have been IOT enabled
using mobile app for monitoring and controlling.One
CC2538 EM will act as the client with the LEDs and the
other board acts as the gateway which is connected to
ethernet board ENCH28j60 and then to Wifi router
which is connected to internet . The prototpe of the
proposed system is shown in the figure.
1. Contiki- It is an open source OS for the

internet of things.Contiki provides a
mechanism for energy efficient working of
the hardware. Contiki provides cooja
simulator which can be used for simulating
ipv6 RPL 6lowpan
multiple node
simulation.
2. TI Smart RF Flash Programmer It is used
for programming the flash memory in ARM
based TI products.
3. Wireshark- It is a free and open source
packet analyser used to analyse the packets
reveived
4.RESULT
The client with inbuilt LEDs can be controlled and
status can be monitored using mobile app which is
connected to internet, which infers that any devices can
be controlled and monitored using the proposed system
The simulation result of the ipv6 RPL 6Lowpan routing

using cooja simulator is shown below
5.REFERENCE
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
Figure 7
[6]
Figure 8
Daniel K Fisher , Rapid deployment of internet

connected environmenta monitoring system ,
september 2014.
Rajeev Piyare, Ubiquitous home control and
monitoring systems using android based smart
phone, IJIT 2013.
Catarinucci L, An IOT aware architecture for smart
health care system, IEEE dec 2015
Palukuru Venkata Praneeth Reddy, Importance and
benefits of ipv6 over ipv4, International journal of
science and research dec 2012.
Jaacan Martinez & Jose L M , Application of
6Lowpan for the real time positioning of
manufacturing assets. Research gate 2015.
Ulrich Herberg , A comparitive performance study of
the routing protocols LOAD and RPL with Bi
directional traffic in LLN.

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IJERT Paper Template

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IOT Enabling Modular Wireless Controller Using

ipv6 enabled 6lowpan wireless technology. The ipv6 will

The Block diagram representation of the proposed

The internet of things can be defined as linking

The sensor and actuator system are devices which we

The receiver at the other end of the system which is

The Adaptation layer has three primary elements

tasks, sets up UDP connection and transfer packet to the

1. TI CC2538 Development kit- It includes

1. Contiki- It is an open source OS for the

The simulation result of the ipv6 RPL 6Lowpan routing

Daniel K Fisher , Rapid deployment of internet

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