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1.

Liners
The internal parts of a tube mill are protected by means of various
types of wear resistance liners as can be seen in Fig. 10. They have to
assist the grinding function in the respective grinding compartment.
Liners need to have resistivity against impact forces (deformation,
breakage), friction and corrosion. Dry grinding mills are equipped with
steel liners whereas wet grinding mills can alternatively be equipped
with rubber liners.
1.4.2.2 Head Liners
Tube mill heads are built conical (with trunnion bearings) or even (with
slide shoe bearings) as can be seen in Fig. 10. Both types of mill head
liners are exposed to high friction wear due to the relative movement
between the liners and the grinding media. The liners of a conical mill
head are additionally exposed to impact forces caused by the falling
grinding media. The wear ratio is not even across the liner rings and
finds its maximum in the middle section of the liners. Some mill head
liners are designed with aSome mill head liners are designed with a
radial rib in order to lessen the relative movement between the liners
and the grinding media

1.4.2.2Head Liner
-Both types of mill head liners are exposed to high friction wear
And impact forces caused
- The wear ratio finds its maximum in the middle section of the liners.
-mill head liners are designed with a radial rib in order

1.4.2.3 Shell Liners


The selected material should further fulfill the following requirements:
Homogenous hardening and homogenous structure composition throughout
Low wear rate, no deformation and no breakage

1.4.2.3.1 Lifting Liners


-are applied in the coarse grinding also
in the fine grinding compartment

1.4.2.3.2 Classifying Lining


-The fineness of the material increases
towards the discharge of the fine
grinding compartment due to the
ongoing grinding process
- These liners automatically segregate
the grinding media
- classifying liners depend on the size of
the mil

High chromium alloy cast liners are the mostly used liner type due to their
relatively good wear behavior
It is an overall target of each liner design to reach:
The lowest spec. energy consumption

The highest production capacity of the tube mill with the lowest possible
specific costs for liners
1.4.2.3.1 Lifting Liners
Lifting liners are applied in the coarse grinding compartment and in older
mills, also in the fine grinding compartment. In the coarse grinding
compartment the liners have to lift and release the grinding media in such
a way that the impact will be strong enough to break the larger particles
1.4.2.3.2 Classifying Lining
The fineness of the material increases towards the discharge of the fine
grinding compartment due to the ongoing grinding process. At the inlet of
the fine grinding compartment the "coarse" material requires larger balls
for an efficient size reduction. Less friction but more impact forces are
needed. Toward the outlet of the fine grinding compartment smaller balls
are required for the production of surface (friction). Therefore, fine grinding
compartments are often equipped with classifying liners. These liners
automatically segregate the grinding media

Life Times of Shell Liners


The life time of this typical wear part depends on the type of material
being ground.

1.4.2.4 Intermediate Diaphragm

They consist of the following elements


(double diaphragm)

: Slotted plates
Center screen
Supporting structure
Blind plates

Lifters Diaphragms can be located at the


following places:

Between a drying and grinding compartment


Between a coarse and fine grinding compartment
At the mill discharge of either end or center discharge mills

Function
The intermediate diaphragm subdivides the mill in a coarse grinding and
fine grinding compartment to allow a sufficient flow of venting air or drying
gases

Slots (Intermediate Diaphragm)


On the inlet side the intermediate diaphragms are provided with slot plates
made of wear resistant steel. The slot width depends on:
The material to be ground
Ball size
Compartment length
Mill venting air rate
Wear Rate and Life Time of Diaphragms
The slot plates are either made from special hardened wear resistant rolled
steel

1.4.2.5 Discharge Diaphragm

Discharge diaphragms are installed at the outlet of an end discharge mill


or are placed in the center of a center discharge mill. The main
components of a discharge diaphragm are shown in Fig. 23. They are
equipped with lifters and cones similar to the double diaphragm
.
Slots (Discharge Diaphragm)
The slots for the discharge diaphragm are normally wider than those for
the intermediate diaphragm but also depend on the material to be ground
and the size of the smallest balls in the grinding chamber. The following
guide values for slot width can be given:
Raw mills (dry) 12-18 mm
Slurry mills (wet) 8-11 mm
Cement mills 7-10 mm

Wear Rate and Life Time of Discharge Diaphragm


The wear at the discharge diaphragm is caused by friction forces between
the grinding media and the diaphragm or the material and the diaphragm.

1.4.2.4. Grinding Media


General
The ball charge of a mill consists of grinding balls of several sizes
and of different material qualities. For coarse grinding normally
balls between 50 and 100 mm and for fine grinding balls between
15 and 50 mm are used. The maximum and minimum ball size
and the composition depends on various factors, such as: Max
feed size of material to be ground
Product fineness
Mill diameter, mill length
Grind ability and mineralogical structure of the feed material
Mill system (open/closed circuit, number of compartments,
circulating load)

Wear Rate
The wear of the grinding media is caused by:
Impact
Friction forces
Abrasiveness of the material
Corrosion

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