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    Unsteady State Diffusion

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    Dozdi
    The document discusses mass transfer diffusion equations for: 1) Binary mixtures, which includes concentration changes over time and diffusion terms. 2) One-dimensional diffusion without reaction, known as Fick's second law, in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates. 3) The equations are analogous to unsteady-state heat conduction equations. 4) Definitions are provided for the dimensionless groups used to characterize diffusion problems including heating/cooling of solid cylinders, spheres, and slabs.

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    Unsteady State Diffusion

    Uploaded by

    Dozdi
    2K views3 pages
    The document discusses mass transfer diffusion equations for: 1) Binary mixtures, which includes concentration changes over time and diffusion terms. 2) One-dimensional diffusion without reaction, known as Fick's second law, in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates. 3) The equations are analogous to unsteady-state heat conduction equations. 4) Definitions are provided for the dimensionless groups used to characterize diffusion problems including heating/cooling of solid cylinders, spheres, and slabs.

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    The document discusses mass transfer diffusion equations for: 1) Binary mixtures, which includes concentration changes over time and diffusion terms. 2) One-dimensional diffusion without reaction, known as Fick's second law, in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates. 3) The equations are analogous to unsteady-state heat conduction equations. 4) Definitions are provided for the dimensionless groups used to characterize diffusion problems including heating/cooling of solid cylinders, spheres, and slabs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    2K views3 pages

    Unsteady State Diffusion

    Uploaded by

    Dozdi
    The document discusses mass transfer diffusion equations for: 1) Binary mixtures, which includes concentration changes over time and diffusion terms. 2) One-dimensional diffusion without reaction, known as Fick's second law, in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates. 3) The equations are analogous to unsteady-state heat conduction equations. 4) Definitions are provided for the dimensionless groups used to characterize diffusion problems including heating/cooling of solid cylinders, spheres, and slabs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    UNSTEADY-STATE (MASS TRANSFER) DIFFUSION

    For binary mixture:

    ∂c A ∂c ∂c ∂c ∂ 2c A ∂ 2c A ∂ 2c A
    + v x A + v y A + v z a = D AB ( + + ) + RA
    ∂t ∂x ∂y ∂z ∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2

    For one-dimensional diffusion (without reaction): Fick’s second law

    ∂c A ∂ 2c A
    = D AB rectangular coordinates
    ∂t ∂z 2

    ∂c A D AB ∂
    = ( r ∂c A ) cylindrical coordinates
    ∂t r ∂r dr

    ∂c A D AB ∂
    = 2 ( r 2 ∂c A ) spherical coordinates
    ∂t r ∂r dr

    The equations above are in analogy with unsteady-state conduction:

    ∂T ∂ 2T
    =α
    ∂t ∂z 2

    Therefore, the solutions are the same and analogical.

    Y: unaccomplished change
    X: relative time
    n: relative position
    m: relative resistance

    Fig. 5.2: Heating and cooling of a solid cylinder having an infinite ratio
    of length to diameter (Fig. 5.3-7 Geankoplis)

    Diffusion of solute A in a solid cylinder:


    cA' : conc. of A in the surrounding fluid
    c A '_ c A
    Y= cAb : initial uniform conc. of A of the body
    c A ' _ c Ab
    DcABA : diffusivity
    : conc. of AofatAain
    given
    B point in the body
    D AB t at any time t
    X= T : time
    rm2 rm : radius of cylinder
    r
    n=
    rm
    r : radius

    D AB
    m= kc : mass-transfer coefficient
    k c rm

    Fig. 5.3 Heating and cooling of a solid sphere (Figure 5.3-9 Geankoplis)

    Diffusion in solid sphere

    same definitions for Y, X, n and m

    Fig. 5.4 Heating and cooling of a solid slab (Figure 5.3-5 Geankoplis)

    Diffusion in a solid slab

    Same definitions for Y, X, n and m


    rm : half of the thickness of the slab

    Figure 5-5 Heating and cooling of a solid with infinite thickness

    D AB t
    x X=
    x2
    ∞ D
    m = AB
    k cx

    Multi-dimensional unsteady-state diffusion:

    c A ' _ c Ax , y , z
    e.g. Yx , y , z = ( Yx )( Yy )( Yz ) =
    c A ' _ c Ab

    Problem 11.19 Foust et al.

    A platinum catalyst is made by immersing spherical aluminium pellets in a


    chloroplatinic acid solution until an appropriate amount of acid diffuses into the
    pellet. The acid is then reduced to release a finely divided platinum on the
    alumina. Half-inch diameter pellets are initially wet with pure water. They are
    immersed in acid solution such that the surface concentration is maintained at
    50% acid, 50% water. The transfer of acid is by molecular transport and DAB =
    5 x 10-5 ft2/h.
    a) Calculate the acid conc. 1/8 inch from the center after 3 immersions.
    b) Calculate the time required to reach a concentration of 40 mole % acid at
    the center.

    Problem 7.1-5 Geankoplis


    Problem 7.1-6 Geankoplis

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