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    Age Related Changes in Endocrine System

    Uploaded by

    Mizrab Nadeem
    The endocrine system undergoes several changes with age: 1. Insulin sensitivity decreases, leading to higher fasting glucose levels over age 50. 2. Hormones related to bone metabolism like parathyroid hormone increase, reducing bone density and strength. Vitamin D and calcium absorption also decline with age. 3. Cortisol levels rise by 20-50% in older adults and take longer to return to normal after stress. This dysregulation is due to changes in the HPA axis and can increase risk of diseases like diabetes and osteoporosis. 4. In males, testosterone levels gradually decrease due to reduced testicular function and increased aromatase activity and sex hormone binding globulin

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    Age Related Changes in Endocrine System

    Uploaded by

    Mizrab Nadeem
    226 views2 pages
    The endocrine system undergoes several changes with age: 1. Insulin sensitivity decreases, leading to higher fasting glucose levels over age 50. 2. Hormones related to bone metabolism like parathyroid hormone increase, reducing bone density and strength. Vitamin D and calcium absorption also decline with age. 3. Cortisol levels rise by 20-50% in older adults and take longer to return to normal after stress. This dysregulation is due to changes in the HPA axis and can increase risk of diseases like diabetes and osteoporosis. 4. In males, testosterone levels gradually decrease due to reduced testicular function and increased aromatase activity and sex hormone binding globulin

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    Age Related Changes in Endocrine System

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    The endocrine system undergoes several changes with age: 1. Insulin sensitivity decreases, leading to higher fasting glucose levels over age 50. 2. Hormones related to bone metabolism like parathyroid hormone increase, reducing bone density and strength. Vitamin D and calcium absorption also decline with age. 3. Cortisol levels rise by 20-50% in older adults and take longer to return to normal after stress. This dysregulation is due to changes in the HPA axis and can increase risk of diseases like diabetes and osteoporosis. 4. In males, testosterone levels gradually decrease due to reduced testicular function and increased aromatase activity and sex hormone binding globulin

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    226 views2 pages

    Age Related Changes in Endocrine System

    Uploaded by

    Mizrab Nadeem
    The endocrine system undergoes several changes with age: 1. Insulin sensitivity decreases, leading to higher fasting glucose levels over age 50. 2. Hormones related to bone metabolism like parathyroid hormone increase, reducing bone density and strength. Vitamin D and calcium absorption also decline with age. 3. Cortisol levels rise by 20-50% in older adults and take longer to return to normal after stress. This dysregulation is due to changes in the HPA axis and can increase risk of diseases like diabetes and osteoporosis. 4. In males, testosterone levels gradually decrease due to reduced testicular function and increased aromatase activity and sex hormone binding globulin

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    \]

    AGE RELATED CHANGES IN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

    1.Describe the effects of aging on the functions of


    endocrine pancreas?
    Endocrine pancreas produces Insulin. Insulin helps in
    the transport of glucose from blood to inside of the cells
    which is used as energy. The normal fasting glucose
    level rises from 6 to 14 mg/dL after age 50years every
    10 years. The cells turn out to be less sensitive to the
    effects of insulin.
    2. Explain the age related changes in hormones related
    to bone metabolism?
    Age related changes in hormones related to bone
    metabolism are as follows:
    Parathyroid hormones increases due to aging and leads
    to Osteoporosis. They affect calcium and phosphate
    levels which in turn affects the bone strength. Vitamin
    D3 decreased production leads to less calcium ion
    absorption in the intestines, decreased osteoclasts
    production that promotes bone remodelling and
    reabsorption. Elderly people are more prone to
    fractures due to low bone density.
    In women parathyroid hormone in the serum rises due
    to deficiency of vitamin D and decrease in renal
    absorption of calcium.
    3.Describe the changes in glucocorticoids with age and
    their biological consequences.
    Due to aging the level of cortisol increases by 20 - 50%.
    In older people cortisol level rises rapidly but does not
    return to normal level for days whereas younger people
    it declines to normal. Changes in glucocorticoids is due

    to altered neuroendocrine regulation. During aging


    there is change in plasma glucocorticoid level. Increase
    in nocturnal nadir cortisol levels . Aging leads to
    increase in cortisol production rate , weight
    independent and increased urinary free cortisol levels in
    old age . Secreation of DHEA(Dehydroepiandrosterone)
    declines with age and restored partially by
    mineralcorticoid antagonism.Glucocorticoids regulates
    HPA activity via negative feedback. Changes in HPA
    activity results from change in sensitivity to
    glucocorticoids. Sensitivity of HPA axis to
    dexamethasome. CRH and vasopressin altered during
    aging and contributes to hypercortisolism.
    Biological consequences: Increase in glucocorticoids
    leads to increase in age associated diseases. Excessive
    secreation of glucocorticoids leads to prolong catabolic
    actions and contribute to onset of disease
    (diabetes,osteoporosis,atherosclerosis,reproductive
    dysfunction).
    4.State the age related changes in hormones concerned
    with male reproductive functions?
    Age related changes in male reproductive system occurs
    in the testes.Testicular tissue mass decreases.
    Testosterone level gradually decreases or remains same
    and cause slightly slow function.
    Due to aging, men experience an increase in aromatose
    activity and elevated sex hormone binding globulin
    (SHBG). This results in increase in ratio of estrogen to
    testosterone and decrease in testosterone levels both
    total and free. It is due to the defect of hypothalamicpituitary-testicular axis at all levels; GnRH secreation is
    attenuated, response of LH to GnRH decreased and
    impaired testicular response to LH. Gradual LH rise with
    aging that suggests testis dysfunction main cause of
    androgen levels decline.

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