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1.physicalconstants: 1. P Hysi Cal Con ST Ant S

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1.

P hysi cal con st ant s

1. P H Y SI C A L C O N ST A N T S
T a b le 1.1. Reviewed 2011 by P.J . Mohr (NIST ). Mainly from t he CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundament al P hysical Const ant s:
2010 by P.J . Mohr, B.N. Taylor, and D.B. Newell in arXiv:1203.5425 and Rev. Mod. P hys. (to be published). T he last group of constant s
(beginning with t he Fermi coupling constant) comes from t he P art icle Data Group. T he gures in parentheses aft er the values give t he
1-st andard-deviat ion uncertainties in the last digit s; the corresponding fractional uncert aint ies in part s per 109 (ppb) are given in the last
column. T his set of constants (aside from t he last group) is recommended for int ernat ional use by CODATA (the Commit tee on Data for Science
and Technology). T he full 2010 CODATA set of constants may be found at http://physics.nist.gov/constants. See also P.J . Mohr and
D.B. Newell, Resource Lett er FC-1: T he P hysics of Fundament al Const ant s, Am. J . P hys, 78 (2010) 338.
Q u an t it y

S ym b ol, equ a t ion

speed of light in vacuum


P lanck const ant
P lanck const ant , reduced

c
h
~ h2

electron charge magnitude


conversion const ant
conversion const ant

e
~c
(~c) 2

electron mass
proton mass

me
mp

Va lu e

U n cer t a int y ( p p b )
s 1

299 792 458 m


6.626 069 57(29) 10 34 J s
1.054 571 726(47) 10 34 J s
= 6.582 119 28(15) 10 22 MeV s
1.602 176 565(35) 10 19 C = 4.803 204 50(11) 10 10 esu
197.326 9718(44) MeV fm
0.389 379 338(17) GeV2 mbarn

deuteron mass
unied atomic mass unit (u)

0.510 998 928(11) MeVc2 = 9.109 382 91(40) 10 31 kg


938.272 046(21) MeVc2 = 1.672 621 777(74) 10 27 kg
= 1.007 276 466 812(90) u = 1836.152 672 45(75) m e
md
1875.612 859(41) MeVc2
(mass 12 C at om)/ 12 = (1 g)/ (N A mol) 931.494 061(21) MeVc2 = 1.660 538 921(73) 10 27 kg

permit tivity of free space


permeability of free space

0 = 1 0c2
0

8.854 187 817 10 12 F m 1


4 10 7 N A 2 = 12.566 370 614 10 7 N A 2

ne-st ruct ure constant


classical electron radius
(e Compt on wavelengt h)/ 2
Bohr radius (m nucleus = )
wavelength of 1 eV/ c part icle
Rydberg energy
T homson cross section

= e2/ 40~c
r e = e240 m ec2
e = ~m ec = r e 1
a = 40~2m ee2 = r e 2
hc(1 eV)
hcR = m ee42(40) 2~2 = m ec2 2 2
T = 8r e2 / 3

7.297 352 5698(24) 10 3 = 1137035 999 074(44)


2.817 940 3267(27) 10 15 m
3.861 592 6800(25) 10 13 m
0.529 177 210 92(17) 10 10 m
1.239 841 930(27) 10 6 m
13.605 692 53(30) eV
0.665 245 8734(13) barn

Bohr magneton
nuclear magneton
electron cyclot ron freq./ eld

B = e~2m e
N = e~2m p
e B = em
cycl
e

5.788 381 8066(38) 10 11 MeV T 1


3.152 451 2605(22) 10 14 MeV T 1
1.758 820 088(39) 10 11 rad s 1 T 1

proton cyclot ron freq./ eld

cycl B = em p

constant

84(80) 10 11

m3

kg 1 s 2

6.673
= 6.708 37(80) 10 39 ~c (GeVc2 ) 2

gN

9.806 65 m s 2

Avogadro const ant


Boltzmann constant

NA
k

6.022 141 29(27) 1023 mol 1


1.380 6488(13) 10 23 J K 1
= 8.617 3324(78) 10 5 eV K 1

molar volume, ideal gas at ST P


Wien displacement law const ant
St efan-Bolt zmann constant

N A k(273.15 K)/ (101 325 P a)


b = max T
= 2k 460~3c2

22.413 968(20) 10 3 m 3 mol 1


2.897 7721(26) 10 3 m K
5.670 373(21) 10 8 W m 2 K 4

Fermi coupling constant

G F (~c) 3
b Z ) ( M S)
sin 2 (M
mW
mZ
s (m Z )

1.166 378 7(6) 10 5 GeV 2

st andard gravitat ional accel.

weak-mixing angle
W boson mass
Z 0 boson mass
st rong coupling const ant

= 3.141 592 653 589 793 238


1 in 00254 m
01 nm
1A
1 barn 10 28 m 2

1 G 10 4 T
1 dyne 10 5 N
1 erg 10 7 J

22, 44
22, 44
0.089, 0.41
22
22, 44
exact
exact
0.32, 0.32
0.97
0.65
0.32
22
22
1.9
0.65
0.71
22

9.578 833 58(21) 107 rad s 1 T 1

GN

gravit at ional

exact
44
44
22
22, 22
22
44

12 10 5
12 10 5
exact
44
910
910
910
910
3600
500

0.231 16(12)
80.385(15) GeVc2
91.1876(21) GeVc2
0.1184(7)

52
19
23
59

10 5
10 5
10 4
10 6

= 0.577 215 664 901 532 861

e = 2.718 281 828 459 045 235


1 eV = 1602 176 565(35) 10 19 J
1 eV/ c2 = 1782 661 845(39) 10 36 kg

2997 924 58 10 9 esu = 1 C

22

kT at 300 K = [38681 731(35)] 1 eV


0 C 27315 K

1 atmosphere 760 Torr 101 325 P a

T he met er is t he length of the path t raveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/ 299 792 458 of a second.
At Q2 = 0. At Q 2 m 2W the value is 1/ 128.
Absolut e lab measurements of G have been made only on scales of about 1 cm to 1 m.
N
See the discussion in Sec. 10, Electroweak model and constraints on new physics.
T he corresponding sin 2 for the eect ive angle is 0.23146(12).

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