Seven Sisters
Seven Sisters
Seven Sisters
3Environmental Policy
4See also
5References
6Further reading
7Documentaries
oil production back to international markets, the U.S. State Department suggested the creation of
a "Consortium" of major oil companies.[6] The "Consortium for Iran" was subsequently formed
by the following companies:
The head of the Italian state oil company, Enrico Mattei sought membership for the Italian oil
company Eni, but was rejected by what he dubbed the "Seven Sisters" - the AngloSaxon companies which largely controlled the Middle Easts oil production after World War II.[1]
[8]
British writer Anthony Sampson took over the term when he wrote the book The Seven
Sisters in 1975, to describe the shadowy oil cartel, which tried to eliminate competitors and
control the worlds oil resource.[9]
Being well-organized and able to negotiate as a cartel, the Seven Sisters were initially able to
exert considerable power over Third World oil producers. However, in recent decades the
dominance of the Seven Sisters and their successor companies has been challenged by the
following trends:[1]
As of 2010, the surviving companies from the Seven Sisters are BP, Chevron, ExxonMobil and
Royal Dutch Shell, which form four members of the "supermajors" group.
The "New Seven Sisters"[edit]
The Financial Times has used the label the "New Seven Sisters" to describe a group of what it
argues are the most-influential national oil and gas companies based in countries outside of
the OECD:[10][1]
Environmental Policy[edit]
Gazprom (Russia)
Petrobras (Brazil)
PDVSA (Venezuela)
Petronas (Malaysia)
In the 1970s the "Seven Sisters" were conscientious of environmental concerns. In their company
filings, all seven of them states that their core values were to protect health, safety, and the
environment, and to conduct safety with high HSE (Health Safety and Environmental) policies.
Some of these 7 companies even prioritized this safety over profit and efficiency
maximization [11]
See also[edit]
Fossil fuel
Monopoly
References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Hoyos, Carola (11 March 2007). "The
new Seven Sisters: oil and gas giants dwarf western
rivals". Financial Times. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
2. Jump up^ "Business: The Seven Sisters Still Rule". Time. 11
September 1978. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
3. Jump up^ "MILESTONES: 1921-1936, The 1928 Red Line
Agreement". US Department of State. Retrieved 18
August 2012.
4. Jump up^ "Documentary: The Secret of the Seven Sisters".
Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
5. Jump up^ "Shaky industry that runs the world". The Times
(South Africa). 24 January 2010. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
6. Jump up^ Beltrame, Stefano (2009). Mossadeq. L'Iran, il
petrolio, gli Stati Uniti e le radici della Rivoluzione Islamica
7. Jump up^ "Company Profile". Chevron.com.
Retrieved August 9, 2011.
Yergin, Daniel. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and
Power. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991, ISBN 0-671-502484 (hardcover)