Swagelok SAF 2507 Write-Up PDF
Swagelok SAF 2507 Write-Up PDF
The companies involved reserve the right to update this material without notice.
Tensile
Strength ksi
min.
116
Elong. A5
% min.
25
Hardness
Rockwell C
average
30
(Vickers 302)1
Throughout this paper, Rockwell Hardness (HRC) numbers are converted to approximate Vickers
hardness numbers (HV) using ASTM E 140-95, Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals.
120
100
80
Yield (ksi)
60
Tensile (ksi)
40
20
316L
6Mo + N
SAF 2205
SAF 2507
Figure 2: Comparison of yield and tensile strength of SAF 2507, 6Mo + N and other grades.
Material in the solution annealed and quenched condition.
F
100
200
300
400
500
600
C
38
93
149
204
260
316
Allowable
Stress
(ksi)
38.7
35.0
33.1
31.9
31.4
31.2
% of 100 F
value
0.90
0.85
0.82
0.81
0.80
Figure 3: Allowable stress values (in ksi) at elevated temperatures per ASME/ANSI B31.3
Impact Strength
SAF 2507 (PRE 42.5) possesses good impact strength. Figure 4 shows typical
impact energy values (in joules) for the material in different sizes at -20C, using
standard Charpy V specimens. Note: Samples taken in the longitudinal direction.
J
300
200
100
100
200
300
Size, mm
Microstructure
In the quench-annealed condition, the material has a ferritic-austenitic microstructure,
which is free from grain boundary carbides and intermetallic phases. The ferrite
content is 35 to 55 %.
Chemical Composition (nominal), %
C
Si
Mn
P
max.
max.
max.
max.
0.030
0.8
1.2
0.035
S
max.
0.02
Cr
Ni
Mo
25
0.3
Physical Properties at 20 C
Density:
7.79 g/cm3
Modulus of elasticity:
29 000 ksi
480 J/kg-C
Specific heat capacity:
Thermal conductivity:
14 W/m C
13x10-6/C
Thermal expansion:
Carbon Steel
Swagelok
SAF 2507
316L
6Mo + N
10
15
(10-6)
Corrosion Resistance
Stress Corrosion Cracking. SAF 2507 (PRE 42.5) material has excellent resistance
to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Its SCC resistance is
significantly better than that of standard duplex stainless steels, as well as austenitic
stainless steels with similar chloride pitting and crevice corrosion resistance.
General Corrosion. SAF 2507 (PRE 42.5) material is highly resistant to corrosion by
organic acids (e.g., formic and acetic acid), making SAF 2507 substantially more
corrosion resistant than austenitic stainless steels. Its resistance to inorganic acids is
comparable to that of super austenitic stainless steels.
Pitting and Crevice Corrosion. Resistance of a stainless steel is primarily determined
by the content of chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen. The controlled chemistry of
SAF 2507 (PRE 42.5) carefully balances these elements, giving this material a higher
standard of corrosion resistance than that of other alloys. An index for comparing the
resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion is the PRE number (Pitting Resistance
Equivalent).
There are several PRE equations, the most conservative of which is defined as:
PRE = %Cr (by weight) + 3.3 %Mo (by weight) + 16 %N (by weight).
For duplex stainless steels, the pitting corrosion resistance is dependent on the PRE
lowest PRE value will be limiting for the actual pitting corrosion resistance. SAF
2507 (PRE 42.5) material maintains an equivalent PRE value of 42.5 for both
phases.
Pitting and Crevice Corrosion
Grade/Material
UNS
No.
SAF 2507 (PRE 42.5)
S32750
6Mo + N
N08367
25Cr Duplex
S31260
SAF 2205
S31803
316L
S31603
PRE
(min.)
42.5
42.2
33.8
30.5
22.6
As seen in Figure 6, these PRE values are significantly higher than the PRE values
for other duplex stainless steels of the 25Cr type which are not super-duplex. For
example, 25Cr Duplex (UNS S31260) has an average PRE value of 33.8.
Cr
Ni
Ferrite
26.5
5.8
Austenite
23.5
8.2
Mo
PRE
4.5
0.06
42.5
3.5
0.48
42.5
Figure 7: Chemical compositions and PRE numbers of individual phases of SAF 2507 quench-annealed at 1075 C.
For additional information on SAF 2507 PRE values, see Sandvik document s-51-51-ENG.
One of the most severe pitting and crevice corrosion tests applied to stainless steel is
ASTM G48 (i.e. exposure to 6 % FeCl3 without and with crevices, methods C and D
respectively). When pits are detected following a 24-hour exposure, the test is ended
and the temperature recorded. Otherwise the temperature is increased 5C and the
test is continued until pitting occurs. Figure 8 shows critical pitting and crevice
temperatures (CPT and CCT) from these tests.
80
70
60
50
CCT (C)
40
CPT (C)
30
20
10
0
-10
316L
SAF 2205
6Mo + N
SAF 2507
Figure 8: Critical pitting and crevice temperatures in 6 % FeCl3, 24h (similar to ASTM
G48)
Technical Information and Test Data for New Swagelok Tube Fitting made of
SAF 2507 (PRE 42.5) Alloy
Tube OD,
in.
0.028
1/4
7 700
(530)
3/8
1/2
0.083
12 900
(888)
Table 1: Suggested Allowable Working Pressures for Swagelok SAF 2507 Tube Fittings used with SAF 2507 Tubing
(1) Pressure rating for _ in. x 0.049. in. SAF 2507 tubing available from Swagelok is based on special wall thickness
tolerancing (-12.5 to 15%).
Allowable working pressures calculated from S values (38 700 psi), per ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code. Pressure
ratings for metal temperatures from 20 to 100 F (-29 to 37 C). SAF 2507 alloy tubing, fully annealed, meets ASTM
A789 or equivalent. Hardness value is HRC 32 or less. NOTE: For gas service, use tube wall thicknesses outside the
shaded area. Careful selection of high-quality tubing is important for the installation of safe, leak-tight systems.
F
200
300
400
500
600
C
93
149
204
260
316
SAF 2507
0.90
0.85
0.82
0.81
0.80
Size, in.
1/4
3/8
3/8
1/2
1/2
Tube Wall
Hardness
Average Torque
0.035 inch
(0.89 mm)
0.035 inch
(0.89 mm)
0.065 inch
(1.65 mm)
0.049 inch
(1.24 mm)
0.083 inch
(2.1 mm)
HRC 28
(HV 286)
HRC 28
(HV 286)
HRC 29
(HV 294)
HRC 29
(HV 294)
HRC 30
(HV 302)
21 ft-lbf
(28 N-m)
37 ft-lbf
(50 N-m)
46 ft-lbf
(62 N-m)
63 ft-lbf
(86 N-m)
76 ft-lbf
(103 N-m)
Size
1/4
Tube Wall,
in. (mm)
0.049 (1.24)
3/8
0.065 (1.65)
1/2
0.083 (2.1)
Hardness
HRC 29
(HV 294)
HRC 29
(HV 294)
HRC 30
(HV 302)
Average Pressure,
psig (bar)
82 430 (5 680)
Standard Deviation,
psig (bar)
3 524 (240)
72 200 (4 970)
8 660 (590)
68 500 (4 720)
5 424 (370)
Tube Wall,
in. (mm)
0.035 (0.89)
3/8
0.035 (0.89)
1/2
0.049 (1.24)
Hardness
HRC 28
(HV 286)
HRC 28
(HV 286)
HRC 29
(HV 294)
Helium Test,
psig (bar)
14 850 (1 020)
PASSED
9 600 (660)
PASSED
10 800 (750)
PASSED
Nitrogen Test,
psig (bar)
9 900 (680)
PASSED
6 400 (440)
PASSED
7 200 (500)
PASSED
25 Remake
Nitrogen Tests,
psig (bar)
9 900 (680)
PASSED
6 400 (440)
PASSED
7 200 (500)
PASSED
316L SS
254 SMO
254 SMO
Case Hardened
2507
Average Corrosion
Rate (mpy) of
uncoupled materials
after 1 hr.
< 1 mpy
< 1 mpy
< 1 mpy
< 1 mpy
Couple
2507/2507
2507/254 SMO
2507/254 SMO
Case Hardened
2507/316 SS
Average
Galvanic Current
(A/cm_) after 2 hr.
of coupling
1 10-10
1.8 10-9
1.3 10-9
Average Equiv.
Galvanic Corrosion
Rate (mpy) after 2
hr. of coupling
< 1 mpy
< 1 mpy
< 1 mpy
6.1 10-10
< 1 mpy
Table 6: Corrosion Rates of uncoupled alloys and galvanic corrosion due to coupling
Corrosion rates are for laboratory tests performed in 3.54 % NaCl solution at a non-adjusted pH of approximately 8.
The solution was in the naturally aerated condition and testing was conducted at ambient temperature. 316L material
was also tested for galvanic corrosion, since 316L components or supports could be used with the fluid system.
3/8
0.065 (1.65)
0.083 (2.1)
Calculated Pressure
69 410 psi
(4 787 bar)
70 240 psi
(4 844 bar)
63 530 psi
(4 381 bar)
100,000
Stress
Intensification
Factor
Lines
2507-1/4"
SWAGELOK
2507-3/8"
SWAGELOK
Bending Stress Amplitude, psi
2507
2507-1/2"
SWAGELOK
316-1/4"
SWAGELOK
316
316-3/8"
SWAGELOK
316-1/2"
SWAGELOK
5 Samples
10,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
Cycles to Failure, N
Notes
1. Alternating bending
stress applied by rotary
beam method.
2.Tests performed in air at
room temperature.
3. Fittings pressurized
hydraulically to working
pressure.
4. Mean stress = axial
10,000,000 stress due to working
pressure.
Weld gas selection and use can be complicated, e.g., the base argon gas
may be mixed with nitrogen for austenite reformation and increased corrosion
resistance, and helium or hydrogen to aid weld penetration.
The Swagelok welding process has all of the benefits of automated autogenous
welding systems for conventional austenitic stainless steels, yet meets the unique
requirements of joining SAF 2507 alloy components. Relative to other orbital welding
methods for duplex steels, the Swagelok process enjoys several other advantages.
The most notable from a quality standpoint is the repeatability: weld parameters can
be stored, electronically mailed, and downloaded directly to the Swagelok M100 with
little to no required alterations. Testing has validated weld parameters at various
locations around the world, with no modifications to the original parameters. This will
allow worldwide qualification of weld procedures within an industry or organization.
Through the use of the Swagelok GTAW flux, ferrite/austenite balance and nitrogen
content can be controlled in the weld metal, with tests demonstrating excellent
performance in a range of wall thicknesses from 0.028 to 0.095 in.
Performance of Swagelok Orbital Welds in SAF 2507 Assemblies
In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of this autogenous welding solution for SAF
2507, Swagelok subjected welded tube-to-tube and tube-to-fitting assemblies to the
strictest applicable tests required for use by deepwater offshore operators. Material
ratings and test results are shown in the following tables.
Tube OD
in.
1/4
0.035
12 700
(875)
3/8
1/2
0.095
20 000(1)
(1 378)
Table 8: Suggested allowable working pressures for Swagelok SAF 2507 weld fittings used with SAF 2507 tubing.
(1) Pressure ratings based on special wall thickness tolerancing for SAF 2507 tubing available from Swagelok:
Tolerancing for _ in. x 0.049 in. tubing is -12.5 to 15%. Tolerancing for _ in x 0.095 in. tubing is -8 to 10%.
Allowable working pressures calculated from S values (38 700 psi), per ASME B31.3 Chapter IX. Pressure ratings for
metal temperatures from 20 to 100 F (-29 to 37 C). SAF 2507 alloy tubing, fully annealed, meets ASTM A789 or
equivalent.
F
200
300
400
500
600
C
93
149
204
260
316
SAF 2507
0.90
0.85
0.82
0.81
0.80
Sample Size
1/2 0.035 in. SAF 2507
1/2 0.095 in. SAF 2507
Table 10: Nitrogen retention data
Tested using ASTM test method E1019 via LECO.
Average burst
pressure, psig (bar)
81 900
(5 647)
71 500
(4 930)
60 500
(4 171)
Requirement
Weight loss <1 g/m2
Results
Avg. weight loss Max. weight loss
= 0.08 g/m2
= 0.28 g/m2
No visible pitting @ 20
No visible pitting @ 20
Requirement
Base Metal
Weld Metal
Results (Average)
90.1C
56.9C
Requirement
Tensile Testing
UTS >116 000 psi
Guided bend tests
No Visible Defects
Face and Root Bends
Radiograph
2 % Sensitivity
Sample Size
1/4 0.065 inch SAF 2507
3/8 0.083 inch SAF 2507
1/2 0.095 inch SAF 2507
1/4 0.065 inch SAF 2507
3/8 0.083 inch SAF 2507
1/2 0.095 inch SAF 2507
All Sizes
Results (Avg.)
122 000 psig (841 MPa)
129 000 psig (889 MPa)
132 600 psig (896 MPa)
Passed
Passed
Passed
Passed @ <2 %
Sensitivity
Requirement
% Ferrite (by volume)
(35 to 65 % required)
No detrimental phases @ 400
(sigma, carbides, nitrides, etc.)
Results
40 to 60 %
None visible @ 1000