D3174 - Standard Test Method For Ash in The Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke From Coal - 2012 PDF
D3174 - Standard Test Method For Ash in The Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke From Coal - 2012 PDF
D3174 - Standard Test Method For Ash in The Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke From Coal - 2012 PDF
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the inorganic residue as ash in the analysis sample of coal or coke as
prepared in accordance with Practice D2013 or Practice D346.
The results obtained can be applied as the ash in the proximate
analysis, Practice D3172, and in the ultimate analysis, Practice
D3176. For the determination of the constituents in ash,
reference is made to Test Methods D3682, D4326 and D6349.
Test Method D6357 should be used to prepare ash to be used
for trace element analysis. See Terminology D121 for definition of ash.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
D388 Classification of Coals by Rank
D1757 Test Method for Sulfate Sulfur in Ash from Coal and
Coke (Withdrawn 2009)3
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D2795 Test Methods for Analysis of Coal and Coke Ash
(Withdrawn 2001)3
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods of
Analysis.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D317411. DOI:
10.1520/D3174-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
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D3174 12
(Suggested method for inducing regulated air flow through ashing furnace.)
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D3174 12
Calibration Flowmeter with TubingAmbient AirFor calibration use only, adjust forced air valve to deliver two to four furnace volume changes per minute (at standard
temperature-pressure conditions.)
NOTE 1Flowmeters are usually calibrated for one atmosphere at 70F (760-mm Hg at 21.1C).
(Suggested layout for calibration.)
FIG. 2 Air Aspirator
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D3174 12
TABLE 1 Determination of Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal
and Coke
Range
Coal
2.68 to
17.86 %
5.73 to
11.75 %
Coke
Repeatability
Limit,
r
0.22
Reproducibility
Limit,
R
0.32
0.10
0.20
Coal
Range
Bituminous
5.0 to
15.0 %
4.5 to
30.0 %
SubbituminousLignite
(1)
where:
A = weight of capsule, cover, and ash residue, g,
B = weight of empty capsule and cover, g, and
C = weight of analysis sample used, g.
10. Report
10.1 For reporting analyses to other than as-determined
basis, refer to Practice D3180.
11. Precision and Bias
11.1 Precision
11.1.1 250 m (No. 60) SamplesThe precision of this test
method for the determination of ash in the analysis sample of
coal and coke is shown in Table 1. The precision characterized
by repeatability (Sr, r) and reproducibility (SR, R) is described
in Table A1.1 and Table A1.2 in Annex A1.
11.1.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)The value below which the
absolute difference between two test results calculated to a dry
basis (Practice D3180) of separate and consecutive test
determinations, carried out on the same sample of 250 m (No.
60) coal and coke in the same laboratory, by the same operator,
using the same apparatus on samples taken at random from a
single quantity of homogeneous material, may be expected to
occur with a probability of approximately 95 %.
11.1.1.2 Reproducibility Limit (R)The value below which
the absolute difference between two test results calculated to a
dry basis (Practice D3180), carried out in different laboratories,
using samples of 250 m (No. 60) coal and coke taken at
Repeatability Reproducibility
Limit,
Limit,
r
R
0.30 %
0.49 %
0.33 %
0.47 %
random from a single quantity of material that is as homogeneous as possible, may be expected to occur with a probability
of approximately 95 %.
11.1.2 2.36 mm (No. 8) Samples4The precision of this test
method for the determination of ash in the analysis sample of
coal and coke is shown in Table 2.
11.1.2.1 Repeatability Limit (r)The value below which the
absolute difference between two test results calculated to a dry
basis (Practice D3180) of separate and consecutive test
determinations, carried out on the same sample, using the same
riffle, determined on a single test specimen of two separate 2.36
mm (No. 8) test units of coal reduced entirely to 250 m (No.
60) and prepared from the same bulk sample coal in the same
laboratory, by the same operator, using the same apparatus on
samples taken at random from a single quantity of homogeneous material, may be expected to occur with a probability of
approximately 95 %.
11.1.2.2 Reproducibility Limit (R)The value below which
the absolute difference between two test results calculated to a
dry basis (Practice D3180), carried out in different laboratories,
using samples of 2.36 mm (No. 8) coal reduced entirely to 250
m (No. 60), taken at random from a single quantity of material
that is as homogeneous as possible, may be expected to occur
with a probability of approximately 95 %.
11.2 BiasSince this is an empirical test method, the degree
of absolute bias cannot be determined.
12. Keywords
12.1 ash; coal; coke
4
An interlaboratory study, designed consistent with Practice E691, was conducted in 1989. Eight laboratories participated in this study. Supporting data are
available from ASTM Headquarters. Request Report RR:D05-1015. In addition,
information for coke was calculated per Practice E691 using 48 sets of data for 24
coke samples for a commercially available interlaboratory proficiency test program.
The cokes used in this study included furnace coke, foundry coke and coke breeze.
Details and supporting information are given in RR:D05-1039
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D3174 12
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. PRECISION STATISTICS 250 m (No. 60) SAMPLES
Average
6.86364
2.68068
10.0873
10.475
12.515
16.7593
8.81705
11.0723
13.5182
17.865
Sr
0.049024
0.047123
0.065132
0.075743
0.071347
0.07752
0.06302
0.061279
0.127066
0.103367
SR
0.072788
0.055633
0.080675
0.121383
0.082831
0.1306
0.10659
0.083981
0.194514
0.163095
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r
0.13717
0.13185
0.18224
0.21193
0.19963
0.2169
0.17633
0.17146
0.35553
0.28922
R
0.20366
0.15566
0.22573
0.33963
0.23176
0.36542
0.29824
0.23498
0.54425
0.45634
D3174 12
TABLE A1.2 Repeatability (Sr, r) and Reproducibility (SR, R)
Parameters Used for Calculation of Precision Statement for Coke
Samples
Material
CK980108 - Furnace
CK980312 - Furnace
CK980716 - Foundry
CKReference2 - Furnace
CKNIST01 - Foundry
CKNIST02 - Furnace
CK0303 - Foundry
CK9903 - Foundry
CK9904 - Furnace
CK0001 - Furnace
CK0401 - Furnace
CK0002 - Breeze
CK0302 - Breeze
CK0003 - Foundry
CK0101 - Furnace
CK0504 - Furnace
CK0701 - Furnace
CK0102 - Furnace
CK0301 - Furnace
CK0404 - Furnace
CK0103 - Furnace
CK0304 - Furnace
CK0601 - Furnace
CK0903 - Furnace
CK0104 - Furnace
CK0503 - Furnace
CK0201 - Furnace
CK0501 - Furnace
CK0802 - Furnace
CK0904 - Furnace
CK0202 - Furnace
CK0502 - Furnace
CK0603 - Furnace
CK0203 - Furnace
CK0403 - Furnace
CK0604 - Furnace
CK0801 - Furnace
CK0204 - Breeze
CK0402 - Breeze
CK0602 - Breeze
CK0704 - Breeze
CK0702 - Furnace
CK0902 - Furnace
CK0703 - Coke
CK0803 - Furnace
CK0804 - Furnace
CK0901 - Coke
CK1001 - Furnace
Average
6.68
6.74
6.54
8.09
5.73
8.03
6.26
6.31
9.22
7.75
7.69
9.05
9.01
6.34
8.05
8.04
8.03
7.45
7.42
7.39
9.38
9.39
9.36
9.31
7.24
7.21
8.10
8.10
8.10
8.09
8.06
8.06
8.02
8.31
8.33
8.27
8.30
7.91
7.92
7.89
7.89
7.50
7.49
9.08
11.73
11.75
8.04
7.22
Sr
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.03
SR
0.05
0.08
0.08
0.04
0.07
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.11
0.05
0.11
0.05
0.09
0.05
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.06
0.07
0.11
0.05
0.10
0.05
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.14
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.15
0.06
0.11
0.14
0.14
0.07
0.06
r
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.08
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.12
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.13
0.10
0.12
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.12
0.13
0.09
0.08
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.14
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.11
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.12
0.09
0.13
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.12
0.07
0.14
0.09
0.09
R
0.15
0.22
0.22
0.10
0.21
0.22
0.17
0.18
0.21
0.21
0.30
0.15
0.31
0.15
0.25
0.15
0.25
0.18
0.13
0.24
0.17
0.16
0.17
0.22
0.17
0.18
0.32
0.13
0.28
0.14
0.11
0.16
0.18
0.39
0.24
0.32
0.32
0.22
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.42
0.16
0.31
0.39
0.41
0.20
0.17
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