Wns Plans Final 220408

Water and Sanitation Action Plans
Page 1 of 30
Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan
Table of Contents
CONTEXT.. 3
BACKGROUND. 3
NATIONAL DRINKING WATER POLICY:. 4
NATIONAL SANITATION POLICY.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY-2005 5

THE INDUS FOR ALL PROGRAMME. 7
WATER AND SANITATION ACTION PLAN FOR CHOTIARI RESERVOIR 7
Water and Sanitation Situation Analysis.. 7
Improving access to water.
Improving access to Sanitation.
9
10
Action plan for improving water and sanitation access at Chotiari reservoir area.. 11
WATER AND SANITATION ACTION PLAN FOR KEENJHAR LAKE.
14
Water and Sanitation Situation Analysis ..14

Improving access to water
...17
Improving access to Sanitation.
17
Action plan for improving water and sanitation access at Keenjhar Lake area 18
WATER AND SANITATION ACTION PLAN FOR KETI BUNDER.. 21
Water and Sanitation Situation Analysis 21
Improving access to water.. 23
Improving access to Sanitation
23
Action plan for improving drinking water and sanitation access at Keti Bunder area 24
WATER AND SANITATION ACTION PLAN FOR PAI FOREST. 26
Water and Sanitation Situation Analysis. ..26
Improving access to water.. 26
Improving access to Sanitation ..27
Action plan for improving drinking water and sanitation access at Pai Forest area.. 29
Page 2 of 30
Context
Access to potable water and proper sanitation facilities is a great challenge for Pakistan in the current
century. Surface and ground water pollution is a major environmental concern posing serious threat to
human development. The costs related to unsafe water and poor sanitation are huge and could hamper
long term economic growth. Pakistan under Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 7 on environmental
sustainability, have committed to halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe
drinking water and basic sanitation. The United Nations declared water as a human right through its
general comment No. 15 in 2002, which mentions:
The human right to water entitles everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible
and affordable water for personal and domestic use.1
The importance of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities has gained global and national recognition
in the last decade generating a political momentum and an opportunity to address this fundamental
aspect of human development. Overcoming this crisis of water and sanitation through a concerted local
and national response would act as a catalyst in public health, education, environmental betterment and
poverty reduction by tapping into human potential that would have been lost due to water borne diseases.
Deprivation of water and sanitation produces multiple effects on childrens health such as loss of school
days due to illness; thousands of women spend several hours to collect water and lifecycles of
disadvantages affecting hundreds of thousands of people in Pakistan. These human costs and economic
waste is associated with the water and sanitation deficit. Measuring the costs associated with water and
sanitation are difficult, but some costs are visible such as health spending of poor households,
productivity losses etc. The Human Development Report 2006 estimates that every $1 spent in the sector
creates on an average another $ 8 in costs averted and productivity gained.
The water and sanitation problem is above all a problem of the poor. Majority of the people in Pakistan
are living in rural areas lacking access to clean water and basic sanitation. Similarly the urban poor living
in slums face duel problems of water and sanitation facilities. This is indicative of inadequate social
welfare policies and requires proactive public actions.
The Government of Pakistan being part of the MDGs and other international commitments realized the
current situation of water and sanitation in the country and has initiated several policies as well as
programmes to develop the coverage of improved water source as well as sanitation. Among the policies
adopted are national environmental policy, national drinking water policy (not approved yet) and
sanitation policy. The following section will discuss these policies, review progress on MDGs and current
coverage of water and sanitation.
Background
At the dawn of the new century the momentum generated by the
Millennium summit and other related United Nations conferences
brought the water and sanitation issue into the mainstream. The
Government of Pakistan realizing the situation adopted several
policies and programmes to tackle this human crisis tried
proactively to avert future problems of human development
caused due to unsafe water and poor sanitation.
By adopting the Mellenium

Developnment Goal, the indicator
of drinking water is defined as the
proportion of the population with
sustainable access to improved
water source i.e. Pipe and Hand
Pump water.
1 Human Development Report 2006.
Page 3 of 30
National Drinking Water Policy (Draft)2:

The National drinking water policy recognizes the constitutional responsibility of provincial governments to
provide drinking water to citizens. The policy provides broader goals and objectives which clearly indicate
the commitment of the government to ensure safe drinking water to the entire population at an affordable
cost in an equitable, efficient and sustainable manner. The key policy principles are reproduced below:
To recognize that access to safe drinking water is the basic human right of every citizen and that it is
the responsibility of the state to ensure its provision to all the citizens.
The right to water for drinking takes precedence over rights for water for all other uses such as
environment, agriculture, industry etc.
To ensure that the existing inequalities in the provision of safe drinking water are removed and the
needs of the more vulnerable and poor are effectively addressed through adequate financial
allocations and provisions of suitable technological options
To recognize the provision of safe water should be undertaken through a community centered
demand driven approach in which the community members are given a key role.
The policy also sets time bound targets. According to this 93% of the population should be provided safe
drinking water by 2015.
National Sanitation Policy3

The Government of Pakistan also devised a National Sanitation Policy, a draft policy document prepared
in March 2006 outlines the broader context and objectives of the policy to support provincial and district
governments in preparing their sanitation strategies and plans. The National Sanitation Policy recognizes
the poor coverage of sanitation in the country, especially in rural areas and inadequate government
spending on water and sanitation which is 0.10% of GDP in year 2004-5.
The broader policy objective focuses on improvement of quality of life and physical environment with the
sub-objectives of safe disposal of solid and liquid waste, promotion of health and hygiene practices and to
link sanitation programmes with environment, housing, water and city and regional planning policies.
Policy Principles:
Mobilization of local resources and accept and support the role that communities, NGOs, formal and
informal sector are playing in sanitation provision
Develop and use cost effective technologies
Health is a fundamental human right and health targets can not be achieved without sanitation.
Therefore, this policy considers sanitation to be a fundamental human right
There will be an equitable distribution of resources between the richer and poorer sections of human
settlements.
UN Agencies suggested
The Policy identifies minimum sanitation options which include flush
definition of sanitation:
latrines/ or pour flush latrines in homes for urban areas and high density
rural settlement connected to an underground sewage system terminating
Facilities such as sewers
in a sewage treatment facility. Similarly at inserviced urban areas and low
or septic tanks, poor-flush
density rural settlements minimum options are ventilated pit privies/ pour
latrines and simple pit or
flush latrines connected to a septic tank linked to a waste water disposal
ventilated improved pit
and/ or collection system. The policy follows the targets set in Medium
latrines are assumed to be
Term Development Framework (2005-10) which result in the extension of
adequate, provided they
present coverage from 42% to 50% of the population by 2010.
are not public.
2 National Drinking water policy. http://www.environment.gov.pk/actrules/D_NATIONAL_DRINKING_WATER_POLICY.pdf
3 National Sanitation Policy. http://www.asb.org.pk/sanitationpolicy.pdf
Page 4 of 30
National Environmental Policy-20054

The National Environmental Policy 2005 under section of sectoral guidelines mentions in detail the
provision for water supply and management, which include:
Develop legal and policy framework for promotion of safe drinking water in Pakistan
Increase coverage of water supply and water treatment facilities
Establish water quality monitoring and surveillance system
Devise and implement national sanitation policy
In addition to the above policies, the Government of Pakistan has made several international
commitments to address the issue of water and sanitation which demonstrate the willingness and
committment of the Government of Pakistan to focus on such a vital issue. Despite these efforts a lot has
to be done.
Statistics reveal a very dismal picture of the overall coverage in Pakistan which are further segregated
and compared to the four Indus for All Programme sites in the Sindh province. The table below depicts
the comparison between the programme villages/districts and aggregated figures at country level.
The World Bank estimates Rs. 112 billion mean annual average cost of inadequate water supply,
sanitation and hygiene. This is the highest among the seven environmental costs measured by the bank.5
According to a World Bank report, over 60% of the population obtains drinking water from hand or motor
pumps.
Link of Water and Sanitation to MDG-7: Environmental Sustainability
Environmental Sustainability
Link with water & sanitation
To
stop
the
unsustainable
exploitation of natural resources; to
halve the proportion of people
without water and sanitation; to
improve the lives of 100 million
slum dwellers
Adequate treatment and disposal of excreta and wastewater

contributes to better ecosystem management and less pressure
on freshwater resources.
Improved sanitation reduces flows of human excreta into
waterways, helping to protect human and environmental health.
Inadequate access to safe water and inadequate access to
sanitation and other infrastructure are two of the five defining
characteristics of slum
Source: UN Millennium project, task force report on water and sanitation 2005.
The World Health Organization estimates that 1 $ invested in water and sanitation would yield an
economic return between 3 $ and 34 $ depending on the region. The benefit would include an average
global reduction of 10 per cent in diarrhoeal incidents; health related costs avoided would be 7.3 billion $
per year.
4 National Environmental Policy.

http://www.google.com.pk/search?hl=en&q=environment+policy&btnG=Search&meta=
5 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/Publications/4488131188777211460/pakceavolume1.pdf
Page 5 of 30
Water and Sanitation Coverage

1998
Census
Location
2004-05
MTDF Target
2009-10
MDG Target
2015
66
76
93
Percentage of population with
access to improved water source in
year 2004-56
Percentage of population with
54
70
90
access to sanitation7
Indus for All Programme area Districts
This information has been collected
Percentage of housing units with
33.05
Thatta
from district census reports of 1998.
access to drinking water8
52.02
access to sanitation9
57.77
Sanghar
access to drinking water
43.71
access to sanitation
81.99
Nawabshah
access to drinking water
50.8
The Indus for All Programme sites information obtained from socio-economic baseline
assessment 2007
Pakistan
Chotiari
Reservoir,
Sanghar
Keenjhar,Thatta
Keti Bunder,
Thatta
Pai Forest,
Nawabshah

access to potable water
60.8
22.8
13.6
33
4.1
Programme sites specific information

has been extracted from socioeconomic baseline assessment
conducted in the last quarter of year
2007. In the survey, access to water
is defined if household has access to
piped water or hand pump and
sanitation is defined as non-flush WC
and pit latrines. The quality of ground
water is not known
20.1
84.7
53
The MDG progress report 2006 compares districts in Pakistan and assigns ranks according to water and
sanitation coverage. The Programme area districts (Thatta, Sanghar and Nawabshah) are neither in the
bottom ten districts nor in the top ten districts. They are located in between. The table above reveals that
access to drinking water in Keti Bunder, Thatta district is worse than other areas, while sanitation
coverage at all programme areas except Pai forest Nawabshah district ranges between 20-33%, which is
way below the national average of 54%.
6 Pakistan Millenium Development Goal report 2006. http://www.crprid.org/Publications/GoalWise2006/Goal%207.pdf

7 Ibid
8
Access to drinking water in this table refers to the availability of water sources which include pipe, hand pump and
well inside the house.
9
Sanitation in this table refers to the availability of latrine either shared or separate in the household.
Page 6 of 30
The Indus for All Programme

Indus for All Programme is a major conservation initiative in the Indus ecoregion which focuses on
environmental protection, biodiversity conservation and sustainable livelihood of communities dependent
on natural resources. Among other thematic areas, the Indus for All Programme also envisages activities
to improve drinking water and sanitation conditions.
These activities under the Indus for All Programme are intended to support existing efforts by the District
Government and the Government of Sindh and Pakistan to achieve water and sanitation related
Millennium Development Goals and overall improvement in human condition. The Programme team in
collaboration with local communities have developed initial water and sanitation action plans for all four
Programme sites in which major areas for interventions have been identified. These plans will be
implemented during the Programme period from year 2008 to 2010 in partnership with local communities,
district government and all other relevant stakeholders to generate synergies.
Water and Sanitation Action Plan for Chotiari Reservoir

Chotiari reservoir rich in its biodiversity with complex terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of deep water,
shallow marshes, riverine forest, ephemeral channels, agriculture land and sand dunes, is located in
district Sanghar, Sindh. The reservoir is spread over 13 km wide and 16 km long and occupies an area of
about 25,900ha. There are about 30 large or small settlements in and around the reservoir. The majority
of villages depend on fishing. However, livestock rearing is another major profession in the area. The
local economy of the area relies largely on fishing, agriculture, and livestock. Most of the people in the
area live below the poverty line on account of erratic climate, persistent drought, and lack of basic
amenities.
Water and Sanitation Situation Analysis

WWF-P field team conducted a survey to assess the water and sanitation situation. This survey has been
used a basis for the preparation of action plan. Survey was conducted in all 30 villages in which
community members participated. The survey inquired existing source of water, distance from source,
responsibility of fetching water and availability of sanitation facilities. Survey result is produced in table
below.
According to survey majority of villages, 22 out of 30 are using hand pump as a drinking water source, 7
are using both hand pump and reservoir water and one is using Nara canal water. Almost all the villages
have hand pump installed in the villages except two. Mostly women and children are responsible for
collection of drinking water. There is no proper ground water quality analysis of water in the area;
however it is assumed that the pumped water is shallow ground water which is either seepage of Nara
Canal or the Reservoir.
The water is available year round in the reservoir and Nara canal, so visibly there is no inadequacy of
water for human consumption in any season or month. The local population has a desire to increase
density of hand pumps because every body could not afford to have a pump in their house. The
increasing number of pumps would facilitate women and children in saving their time and efforts.
The recently conducted socio-economic survey also endorses the water and sanitation assessment. Out
of the 273 respondents, 60 per cent were using hand pump as a drinking water source, only one was
using water supply scheme and 39 per cent responded in the other category. In contrast to the water
supply situation at Chotiari, sanitation assessment reveals a very dejected situation. All 30 Programme
villages have no sanitation facility using open space for release. A similar situation is also endorsed by
the socio-economic survey. The survey asked the question about toilet facility in the household, out of
271 households surveyed 77 percent were using open space, and 16 percent of the households have pit
latrines and 7 percent with non-flush toilet.
Page 7 of 30

Water Sanitation Assessment of Programme area Chotiari
No.
Existing water
Sr # Name of village
Population
of
sources
H.H
1
Bakar
50
500
Hand /water pump
2
Haji Islam Larik
30
200
Hand Pump
3
Abdul Qadir Mallah
25
180
Hand Pump
4
Phulail
160
1120
Hand Pump
5
Padhriyo
20
120
Hand Pump
6
Rano Junejo
15
100
Hand Pump
7
Lalo Mangrio
10
70
Hand Pump
8
Panehal
250
2000
Hand /water pump
9
Abdul Kareem
50
350
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Sobharo
Allah Box Junio
Allah dino Behan
Peer Box Behan
Haji Khan Mallah
Wali Muhammad
Imam Din Kariro
Muhammad Usman
Ghulam Hussain
Achar Jamali
Soomar Mallah
Meer Muhammad
Muhammad Hassan
Sunheno Umrani
Haji Khan laghari
Dur Muhammad
Abdullah Lajhari
Haji Malahar
Chotiari Town
35
30
10
20
17
70
50
55
25
20
110
40
12
65
60
25
100
25
950
250
200
80
140
100
450
300
550
175
120
770
280
72
700
750
250
750
200
8000
29
Dogaryoon
105
1000
30
Lal bux Unar
20
150
Hand Pump +
Reservoir water
Hand Pump + Reservoir
Hand Pump
Hand Pump
Hand Pump
Hand Pump
Hand Pump
Hand Pump
Hand Pump
Hand Pump
Hand Pump
Hand Pump
Hand Pump
Hand /water pump
Hand /water pump
Hand /water pump
and Nara canal
Hand Pump
Distance
from
source
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Responsibility
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
1 K.m
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
Women / Children
2 Km
Men
Nil
Women/ Children
Note: 187 household are having some kind of sanitation facilities.
Page 8 of 30
Time to
collect
water
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
No. HH with
access to
sanitation
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
Nil
Open Area
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
2.00Hr
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
3.00
hours
Nil
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5
1
0
0
0
0
10
10
100
Open Area
35
Open Area
Sanitation

Several actions are required to improve access to drinking water in the 30 Programme area villages at
Chotiari reservoir. Few of the actions are mentioned below:
1. Water quality testing: Majority of villages and households are using hand pumps as their main
source for drinking water. It is highly desirable to get the ground water tested before installation of
further hand pumps. Water samples should be collected from sample hand pumps and their chemical
testing will be obtained from a recognized institutions. The test result will be shared with local
communities. In case if water is not fit for drinking, alternate drinking water programmes will be
initiated.
2. Construction of water pond in village Sunheno Umrani and Dogaryoon: Ground water in these
two villages is brackish and unfit for drinking. People are collecting water from the distance of 1 and 2
km respectively. The population of village Sunheno and Dogaryoon is 700 (65 households) and 1000
(105 house holds) respectively, which puts these villages into large rural settlements. It takes two
hours for the people of village Sunheno and three hours for the people of village Dogaryoon to collect
water. Already mentioned earlier, women and children are responsible for fetching the water. Looking
into the gender imbalances, it is evident that girl child are going to collect water. This of course has a
cost; they may not be able to attend school. If two individuals spend two hours each to collect water
for a household, it would be 260 hours per day for the village Sunheno to just collect water. Similarly it
would take 420 hours per day for village Dogaryoon. In total both villages are spending 680 hours per
day and 20,400 hours per month (2550 person days/month) for just collection of water.
The discussion with the community during the assessment identified the construction of a small water
pond. The water pond/reservoir in the two above villages will be built with the assistance of
community, district government and other stakeholders. This will increase the access of water of
more than 1,700 people, release of labor previously used for water collection, reduce work load for
women and free girls to attend school. The detailed feasibility, costing and management of the pond
will be discussed with relevant village committee of the community based organization involved in the
construction of water pond.
3. Installation of Hand/motor pumps: Ninety three per cent of villages are using hand pump for
drinking water. But not every household has an access to hand pump or are able to afford installation
of a pump in the vicinity of their house. In case of unavailability of hand pump in a house, the women
walk to nearby houses to collect water, which in some cases is friendly and in some cases
unacceptable. Also it puts women in a more vulnerable condition as they walk to bring water. The
local Community Based Organizations (CBO) will identify the appropriate public places or houses of
poor households where hand/motor pumps will be installed to increase the access of those household
to water. The common problem observed in these types of programmes is long term maintenance of
installed pumps. The local CBO will be responsible for monitoring and maintaining the performance of
the hand pumps.
4. Distribution of BioSand filter units: The second major problem after increasing access is quality of
water. The communities usually rely on the seepage water of Chotiari Reservoir which takes water
from Nara Canal. Due to the pollution in canal water, eutrophication in the lake and increased use of
pesticide and agriculture inputs ultimately seep into ground water, making the quality of ground water
questionable. Also, few villages use direct canal water. The BioSand filter is an appropriate
technology to purify the water to some extent. The BioSand filters will be introduced in the villages
which are using canal water.10
10 WWF-Pakistan is represented on the Advisory Board of the Karachi Water Partnership (KWP), an association that
brings together non-governmental organizations and local government, and works closely with the Canadian Centre
for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST). KWP plans to have 20,000 BioSand filters installed in 40
Page 9 of 30
5. Piped water supply schemes: There are four locations where the population exceeds one thousand
people. The organized piped schemes would be feasible to increase the access of water in these
settlements. These settlements will be connected with the major federal government initiatives for
drinking water in which filter plants are being installed through districts governments.

Unlike drinking water, sanitation conditions are worse in Chotiari area. Mostly open space releasing is
common. This puts children at risk of diarrheal diseases as well as creating unease for women. Also, in
rural settings, cultural taboos create major bottlenecks for improving sanitation. However, this barrier will
be removed by the effective mobilization and improvement in communication through various modes. The
following actions are suggested for improving access to sanitation. However, feasibility and proper
disposal will be looked before implementation of any scheme.
1. Public toilets: It will be feasible to construct public toilets in all the villages. These toilets will be
constructed at common places where every body has an access especially around mosque, schools
or meeting places. For the female households, the toilets will be constructed in common places
identified by women themselves in the villages. This is not a complete solution but serve the portion
of the population in villages. The village committees will be responsible for maintenance.
2. Pit Latrines: Pit latrines are commonly used and suggested sanitation technique for rural areas. The
pit latrines will be constructed on cost sharing basis. The resources of local government at union
council level and district government will be mobilized to supplement the programme activities.
Initially the focus will be to improve the access of women to sanitation facilities, thus the schemes will
be identified and installed according to their demand and requirements.
3. Construction of sewage line: Similar to the water supply, the larger settlement requires proper
sewage lines. Usually better income household install the flush-latrines and dispose the waste in
open streets or ponds. In this case a proper one time investment is needed to connect these places
with sewage lines. The main issue for the lines is proper disposal. This will be implemented after an
in-depth discussion with communities during the feasibility of such schemes. Though the Programme
does not have financing for these schemes, linkages will be made to mobilize the additional
resources to address the issue in large settlements.
4. Health and Hygiene awareness: The Indus for All Programme has already developed health and
hygiene training modules and an awareness programme will be designed to sensitize women and
children regarding the importance of health and hygiene and tools to improve it.
5. Flush Latrines: The villages which are connected with some kind of drainage or disposal system,
flush latrines will be introduced.
Prior to devolution, responsibility for the provision of water supply and sanitation services rested with
Provincial governments, and was exercised through Development Authorities (DAs) or Water and
Sanitation Authorities (WASAs) in urban areas. As part of the devolution process, water and sanitation is
now at tehsils, except in the case of city districts where they are district responsibilities. The strong local
dimension of this livelihoods interventions, its requirement for streamlined collaboration through strong
partnerships, and the post-devolution institutional set-up are reflected in the who column of the action
plan below.
sites in Karachi by 2009. These have a flow rate of 60 liters per hour, a lifetime of 2 years, and the cost of a concrete
filter varies from USD 10-30 depending on the local material and labor cost (see www.cawst.org).
Page 10 of 30
Action plan for improving water and sanitation access at Chotiari reservoir area
Action
When
Where
Who
How/why
Comments

Water quality testing
Collection of water
samples from Hand
pumps.
AprilJune
2008
Sample hand
pumps at least
one from village
University of
Sindh
Community
and local
CBO
Field staff
WWF staff
will facilitate
Collection of
sample in sealed
bottled
Transport
samples to
designed lab.
Chemical
examination
Community
meetings
Sharing water quality

results with
communities
Construction of Water Ponds
AprilFeasibility and costing
June
for the construction of
2008
water pond in two
villages
Village level
Field staff
Two villages
1. Sunheno
2. Dogaryoon
CBO
District
Government
Taluka
Nazim
Field Staff
Construction of water
ponds
JulyDec
2008
Two villages
CBOs
District
government
and Taluka
Nazim
Installation of Hand/Motor Pumps

List of households
Aprilwhere hand/motor
June
pumps are required
2008
Costing of hand/motor
pumps and feasibility
Installation of
hand/motor pumps
JulySept.
2008
Village/hamlet
level
Appropriate
market
Identified
locations
Relevant CBOs
to be identified
by field office
Relevant CBOs
to be identified
by field office
CBOs
District
government
and Taluka
Nazim
Site visit
Actual
measurement
and costing
Identification of
location, water
sources and
availability
Engineering
staff of district
government
can help to
prepare
feasibility
Calculation of
water
requirement and
pond design
Seeking services
of engineering
staff of district
Govt.
Local CBO will
execute the work
Potential
donors will be
identified and
contacted for
financing.
Seeking
permission from
irrigation for water
Community
consultation
meetings
Pump cost
Transport cost
Installation cost
Community share
Hiring technical
persons
Community
involvement
CBO will
Field staff will

monitor the
process
Field staff will
monitor the
process
Field staff will
monitor the
process of
installation to
avoid any
Page 11 of 30
Action
When
Piped water Supply Scheme

Feasibility of piped
Aprilwater supply for large
Sept.
settlements (Listing of
2008
village and prioritization)
Where
Select villages
having more
than 700
population and
then
prioritization
Who
CBO
Union
Council
office
Taluka
nazim office
How/why
Negotiations for piped

water supply
Implementation of piped
water supply scheme
Oct-Dec
2008
Jan-Dec
2009
District
government and
other relevant
agencies
CBOs
Site office
and PMU
Identified
locations
CBOs
District
and Taluka
Nazim
NGOs or
other
institution
government
Distribution of Bio-Sand filter

AprilList of
households/settlements June
where bio-sand filter will 2008
be introduced
Geo reference of all the
proposed schemes
Comments
implement
local conflict
Mapping the
village
Actual
measurement
Costing
Cost sharing
arrangements
Institutional
mechanism and
sustainability
Financing will
be explored
together with
nazim and
CBOs for
collaboration.
Seeking
appointments
Sharing
proposed
feasibility of
scheme
Sharing cost
Seeking services
of engineering
staff of district
Govt.
Community
participation
during work
Seeking
permission from
irrigation for water
Villages
settlements
CBO
Field staff
Community
meetings
GIS Site maps
GIS staff with

the help of
communities
Taking proper
coordinates
Super imposing
data on maps
Engineering
assistance
from DCO will
be obtained
Potential
partners will
be identified
and meetings
arranged with
them.
Improving access to sanitation

Public Toilets
Identification and
prioritization of villages
for public toilets
AprilJune
2008
Among 30
programme area
villages
Field staff and

local CBOs
Finalization of locations
in prioritized villages
Construction of public
July-Dec
About 20
locations in ten
villages with
priority to places
where women
have an access
Identified
Field staff and

local CBOs and
community
CBO
Field visit
Community
meetings
Meetings with
CBOs
Feasibility and
future
management
will be
discussed with
community
Field visit
Community
meetings
Meetings with
CBOs
Provision of
Page 12 of 30
Action
When
Where
toilets
2008
locations in
selected
settlements
Who
Community
District Govt.
How/why
Pit Latrines
Feasibility of household
pit latrines
Construction of
household pit-latrines
AprilJune
2008
July-Dec
2008
All 30 programme
area villages,
prioritize about 5
for first phase
implementation
In five prioritized
villages
Field staff and

local CBOs and
community
Collaborating
NGO
District Govt.
officials
CBO
Community
District Govt.
Comments
material
Technical
assistance
Sharing design
Supervision of work
Field visit
Community
meetings
Meetings with
CBOs
Provision of
material
Technical
assistance
Sharing design
Supervision of
work
Construction of Sewage lines

Feasibility for sewage
Aprillines
Sept
2008
About 4-5 large

settlements
Field staff and

local CBOs and
community
Collaborating
NGO
District Govt.
officials
Orangi Pilot Project
Negotiations for
collaboration for
sewage scheme
Sept 08
to March
09
Implementation of
sewage scheme
AprilDec
2009
Flush Latrines
Feasibility for flushlatrines
Provision of flush
latrines
AprilSept.
2008
Oct-Dec.
2008
District Govt.
NGOs
Relevant
agencies
Identified
locations having
population 1000
and above
Villages having
access to drains
or disposal system
Identified
locations
CBO
Field staff and
PMU
CBO
Community
District Govt
Collaborating
NGO/agency
CBO
Community
Field staff
CBO
Community
District Govt.
Collaborating
NGO/agency
Site visit
Actual
measurements
Community
participation
Appropriate
engineering
design
Sharing feasibility
study and need
Arrange site visit
Meetings
Provision of
material
Technical
assistance
Sharing design
Supervision of work
Site visit
Community
consultations
Provision of
material
Technical
assistance
Sharing design
Actual
supervision of
work
Flush latrines
will be
installed on
cost sharing
basis and
looking into
the proper
disposal
Page 13 of 30
Water and Sanitation Action Plan for Keenjhar Lake

Keenjhar Lake located in Thatta District is a freshwater lake covering an area of about is about 14,000 ha.
It is a wildlife sanctuary and a Ramsar site. The Lake is rich in fish fauna and supports the livelihood of
about 50, 000 local people. There are about 39 large or small settlements in and around lake which have
been identified for programme interventions. Majority of villages depends on fishing.

WWF-Pakistan field team conducted a survey to assess the water and sanitation situation. This survey
has been used as a basis for the preparation of the action plan. The survey was conducted in all 39
villages in which community members participated. The survey inquired about the existing source of
water, distance from source, responsibility of fetching water and availability of sanitation facilities. The
survey result is depicted in following table.
According to the survey majority of villages, 30 out of 39 are using lake water for drinking purposes, 5
having water supply scheme as well as use of lake water and the remaining are using the KB feeder as
their drinking water source. The distance from source is measured as a few meters except 5 villages
which are 0.5 km away from water source. Mostly women and children are responsible for collection of
drinking water. The lake water samples have been taken for detailed analysis and results will be available
in early next year. The water is available year round in the Lake and KB feeder therefore there is no
inadequacy of water for human consumption in any season or month.
The recently conducted socio-economic survey also endorses the water and sanitation assessment. Out
of 308 respondent 266 (86%) said they are using Lake as a drinking water source, 41 responded in using
water supply scheme and 1responded in using pump.
203
Open Space
64
Type of toilet
In contrast to the water supply situation

at the villages in Keenjhar Lake,
sanitation coverage is very low. All 39
Programme villages have no sanitation
facility and use open space or pit latrines
(in some cases). A similar situation is
also endorsed by the socio-economic
survey. A question about toilet facility in
the household was asked in the survey,
out of 303 households surveyed 203
(67%) were using open space, 64
household have pit latrines and 36
households with non-flush toilet.
Pit latrine
36
Non flush
toilet / WC
0
50
100
150
200
250
Number of respondents
Page 14 of 30
Water Sanitation Assessment of Programme area Keenjhar Lake

S.No
Name of the village
No. H.H
Population
Existing Water
Sources
Distance From the

source
Responsibility of
water collection
Existing sanitation system
No. of H.H having access to

safe sanitation
Vill: Hameed Manchri
80
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/Pit
Vill: Sukhio Autho
35
*
*
Lake
Lake
0.5 KM
Women/ Children
Open/Pit
Vill: Adam Katiyar
75
WS
In House
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit, Latrine
Vill: Shokat Gandhro
20
Lake
Few meters
Male/ Children
Open/ Pit, Latrine
Ali Mohammad Soomro
15
Lake
0.5 KM
Women/ Children
Open
6
7
Jaffar Hilayo
Soomar Solangi/ Mirbhar
50
100
In House
Few meters
Women/ Children
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit, Latrine

Open/ Pit
Khudaiyo
85
*
*
WS
WS & K.B Feeder
Lake & WS
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit Latrine
Mubarik Palari
15
Lake
0.5 KM
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
Photo Khan Dars
42
Lake
0.5 KM
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit, Latrine
600
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit,Latrine
90
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
0
0
10
0
10
0
11
Khambho
12
Lal Bux Manchri
13
Bakhir Machhi
150
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
14
Dodo Bambhro
22
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
15
Vill: Autha
93
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit Latrine
16
Yousif Hilaya
90
Lake/WS
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit Latrine
17
Nai Gandhri
28
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit Latrine
18
Mumtaz Dandhail
43
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
19
Ali Bux Manchri
90
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
20
Sonehri
415
WS & Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit Latrine
30
21
Syed Bachal Shah
11
Lake
Few meters
Male/ Children
Open/ Pit Latrine
22
Khipri
28
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
23
Nabi Bux Palari
44
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit, Latrine
24
Jumo/Mosso Jakhro
31
Lake
0.5 KM
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
25
Wali Mohammad Palari
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
26
Rasool Bux Manchri
16
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
27
Mevo Manchri
48
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
28
Mohammad Raheem Machhi
20
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
29
Kareemdad Manchri
90
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
30
Essa Manchri
25
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
31
Umer Manchri
20
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
32
Yaroo Manchri (Dhore)
20
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
33
Dolatpur
30
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
90
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
127
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
34
Adam Bambhro
35
Ramzan Mallah (Chilya)
Page 15 of 30

36
Juman Dars
37
Jhampir/ Hashim Solangi
38
Siddique Manchri
39
Yaar Mohd Jakhro (Chul)
15
WS & Lake
In House
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit Latrine
10
500
WS & Lake
In House
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit Latrine
425
20
Lake
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
115
K.B Feeder
Few meters
Women/ Children
Open/ Pit
Page 16 of 30

Several actions are required to improve access to drinking water in 39 Programme area villages. Few of
the actions are mentioned below:
1. Lake water quality testing: Majority of villages and households are using lake water for drinking
purposes. There is no water quality survey available; however the complete water assessment has
been outsourced under a programme with Mehran University of Engineering and Technology. The
results are expected to be available in early year 2008.
2. Installation of motor pumps: Individuals from five villages have to walk 0.5 km to fetch water. The
desirable intervention in these villages will be construction of common water tanks in the villages and
those tanks are connected to the lake. The motor pumps are installed to pump water and fill tanks.
This will reduce the burden of fetching water however intervention depends on the availability of
electricity in these villages. The local community based organizations will identify the appropriate
public places to construct water tanks and install motors. The local CBO/village organization will be
responsible for monitoring and maintaining motor pumps and tanks performance.
3. Distribution of BioSand filter units: For the two villages that use drinking water from KB feeder, it
would be more feasible to introduce BioSand filter which to some extent will reduce the quantity of silt
in drinking water.
4. Piped water supply schemes: There are four to five large settlements where the population ranges
between 800-3000. The organized piped schemes are more feasible to increase the access of water
in these settlements as it is more cost effective. These settlements will be connected with the major
federal government initiatives for drinking water in which filter plants are being installed. These
villages will be connected to these programmes through districts governments.

Unlike drinking water, sanitation conditions require more attention at Keenjhar. Mostly open space
defecation is common. This puts children at risk of diarrhoeal diseases as well as makes women uneasy.
Following action are suggested for improving access to sanitation:
of the population in villages.
3. Flush toilets: At small scale level flush toilets will be constructed on cost sharing basis.
4. Installation of sewage line: Similar to the water supply, the larger settlement requires proper
Page 17 of 30
Action plan for improving water and sanitation access at Keenjhar Lake area
Action
When
Where
Who
Installation of water pumps and construction of water tanks
Feasibility for water
AprilFive villages
Relevant
pumping and
June
CBOs to be
construction of tanks
2008
identified by
field office
How/why
Comments
Community
consultation
meetings
Pump and
pipe cost
Transport
cost
Installation
cost
Community
share and
complete
business
plan
Hiring
technical
persons
Community
involvement
Field staff will

monitor the
process
The
availability of
electricity will
be
prerequisite
for this
initiative.
Mapping the
village
Actual
Financing will
be explored
together with
nazim and
CBOs for
collaboration.
Installation of motor
pumps, pipeline and
construction of tanks
Piped water supply

Feasibility of piped
water supply for large
settlements (Listing of
village and
prioritization)
JulyDec
2008
AprilSept
2008
Identified locations
Selected villages
having more than
1000 population
and then
prioritization
CBOs
District
governm
ent and
Taluka
Nazim
CBO
Union
Council
office
Taluka
nazim
office
measurement
Costing
Cost
sharing
arrangements
Institutional
mechanism
and
Field staff will

monitor the
process of
installation to
avoid any
local conflict
Engineering
assistance
from DCO will
be obtained
sustainability
Negotiations for piped

water supply
Oct 08March09
District government
and other relevant
agencies
CBOs
Site
office
and PMU
Implementation of
piped water supply
scheme
AprilDec
2009
CBOs
District
governm
ent and
Taluka
Nazim
NGOs or
other
institution
Seeking
appointments
Sharing
proposed
feasibility of
scheme
Sharing
cost
Seeking
services of
engineering
staff of
district
Govt.
Community
participation
during work
Seeking
permission
Page 18 of 30
Action
When
Where
Who
How/why
Comments
from irrigation
for water
BioSand Filters
List of
households/settlements
where bio-sand filter
will be introduced
Geo reference of all the
proposed schemes
AprilJune
2008
Villages/settlements
CBO
Field
staff
Community
meetings
GIS Site maps
GIS staff with

the help of
communities
Taking
proper
coordinates
Super
imposing
data on
maps

Public Toilets
Identification and
prioritization of villages
for public toilets
AprilJune
2008
Among 39
programme area
villages
Field staff
and local
CBOs
Finalization of locations
in prioritized villages
toilets
JulyDec.
2008
About 20 locations
in ten villages with
priority to places
where women have
an access
in selected
settlements
Field staff
and local
CBOs and
community
CBO
Community
District Govt.
Household Pit Latrines

Feasibility of household Aprilpit latrines
June
2008
Construction of
JulyDec
2008
All 39 programme
area villages,
prioritize about 5 for
first phase
implementation
In five prioritized
villages
Field staff
and local
CBOs and
community
Collaborating
NGO
District Govt.
officials
CBO
Community
District Govt.
Construction of sewage lines

Feasibility for sewage
Aprillines
Sept.
2008
About 4-5 large

settlements
Field staff
and local
CBOs and
Field visit
Community
meetings
Meetings
with CBOs
Field visit
Community
meetings
Meetings
with CBOs
Provision of
material
Technical
assistance
Sharing
design
Supervision
of work
Field visit
Community
meetings
Meetings
with CBOs
Provision of
material
Technical
assistance
Sharing
design
Supervision
of work
Site visit
Actual
measurements
Page 19 of 30
Action
When
Where
Who
community
Collaborating
NGO
District Govt.
officials
Orangi Pilot
Project
How/why
Community
participation
Appropriate
engineering
design
Negotiations for
collaboration for sewage
scheme
Oct 08March 09
District Govt.
NGOs
Relevant agencies
CBO
Field staff and
PMU
Implementation of sewage
scheme
April
Dec 09
having population
1000 and above
CBO
Community
District Govt
Collaborating
NGO/agency
Flush Latrines
Feasibility for flushlatrines
Provision of flush
latrines
AprilJune
2008
JulyDec.
2008
Villages having
access to drains or
disposal system
CBO
Community
Field staff
CBO
Community
District Govt.
Collaborating
NGO/agency
Sharing
feasibility
study and
need
Arrange site
visit
Meetings
Provision of
material
Technical
assistance
Sharing
design
Supervision
of work
Site visit
Community
consultations
Comments
Provision of
material
Technical
assistance
Sharing
design
Supervision
of work
Page 20 of 30
Water and Sanitation Action Plan for Keti Bunder

Keti Bunder, a historical coastal town located in district Thatta. Historically Keti Bunder was use to be a
busy port and harbouring huge human population. However, today city gives desolate scene. The
previous agriculture fields and human settlements have been submerged in sea water causing migration.
The remaining population is living in very miserable conditions, especially fishermen who live in coastal
creeks. The socio-economic profile of the area depicts the tales of misery and human sufferings. The
majority of the poor population is compelled to buy drinking water from water tankers which are then
transported by boat to creek villages. The increasing cost of drinking water has a tradeoff with food and
other social expenditures.
The Programme area consists of 31 villages, out of which 19 are located in four major creeks around Keti
Bunder. Fishing is the main and old age profession however surrounding villages are also engaged in
agriculture and livestock. The area has been worst hit by environmental degradation.

has been used as a basis for the preparation of this action plan. The survey was conducted in all 31
villages in which community members participated. The survey inquired about the existing source of
water, distance from source, responsibility of fetching water and availability of sanitation facilities. Survey
result is presented in table below.
According to the survey the majority of villages, 30 out of 31 villages are buying water from water tankers
and only one have a hand pump source. All the creek villages buy water from Keti Bunder town which
takes minimum 0.5 hour to 3.0 hours depending on the location of the village in and around the creek.
Similarly the distance of inland villages from water sources ranges between 8 -10 km. Mostly men are
responsible for collection of drinking water. The tankers use near by irrigation channels to fill tankers to
later sell the water in Keti Bunder town.
The area recently has been hit by severe weather conditions, which badly affected this single source of
water. At the times of water shortage in irrigation channels increases the distance of tanker and
consequently increases the water charges. The quality of water in irrigation channels is not fit but with no
other options this is the only source of water for the villagers. The inequity in water availability can be
judged from this area that poor fishing household with 5-6 family members spends Rs. 1200-1500 on
water while rich households in Urban areas pay less.
According to recently concluded socio-economic assessment, only ten households out of 246 were using
hand pumps while all others were buying and transporting water to their villages. The rapid assessment
and consultation with communities revealed that they have reduced the use of sweet water which is
usually used for drinking and cooking.
Similar to other sites, there is no safe sanitation system. Few households in three villages have pit
latrines, while others are using open space. The women face hardships to maintain privacy in these
conditions. Usually women use thatched huts to relieve themselves. The proper sanitation in Keti Bunder,
especially in creek villages is a distant dream. Multiple problems arise due to poor sanitation facilities, but
the area is so neglected that there is no data available to compare and contrast results. A question
regarding in house toilet facilities was asked in the Socio-economic survey. A total of 240 households
were interviewed, out of these only 3 have non-flush toilets, 45 were using pit latrines and rests were
either using thatched huts or open space. Half of the people were using open space while only 0.2 per
cent has a pit latrines facility.
This is very alarming situation at Keti Bunder and need to be addressed on priority basis.
Page 21 of 30
Water Sanitation Assessment of Programme area Keti Bunder

S.
No
Village Name
No. of
H.H
Population
Distance from the

source
Responsibility of water
collection
Time required for

water collection
Existing
Sanitation system
Water tanker
3 hours boat riding
Male
3 hours
Nil
No. of HH having
access to safe
sanitation
Nil
Berim
16
104
2
3
4
5
6
M Yousif Dablo
Khariyoon
Phirt
Siddique Dablo
Tippun
13
35
40
30
100
85
227
260
195
650
do
do
do
do
do
3-half hour boat riding

Half hour boat riding
2 hours boat riding
Half hour boat riding
2 hours boat riding
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
3.5 hours
Half hour
2 hours
Half hour
2 hours
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
7
8
9
10
11
12
Haji Sheedi Dablo

Haji Mamoo Dablo
Missri Rajero
Bhoori
Meerano Jat
Cheerh Dablo
10
25
12
400
30
30
65
162
78
2600
195
195
do
do
do
Hand Pumps
Water tanker
do
3 hours boat riding

3.5 hours boat riding
1 hour boat riding
Available at the village
2 hours boat riding
2 hours boat riding
Male
Male
Male
Male and Female
Male
Male
3 hours
3.5 hours
Half hour
Available in village
2 hours
2 hours
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
13
Guli Sholani
32
do
2 hours boat riding
Male
2 hours
Nil
Nil
14
Haji Ali Khan Jat
30
195
do
15
Ramzan Lakhio
10
65
do
3 hours boat riding
Male
2 hours
Nil
Nil
Male
Half hour
Nil
Nil
16
Haroon Lakhio
39
do
3 hours boat riding
Male
Half hour
Nil
Nil
17
Gul Hassan Jat
10
65
do
2 hours boat riding
Male
2 hours
Nil
Nil
18
Ali Dablo
12
78
do
2 hours boat riding
Male
2 hours
Nil
Nil
19
20
21
Jarhho Dablo
Hassan Jat
Haji Mohd Siddique
Faqeerani Jat
10
35
200
65
227
1300
do
water tanker
do

8 km
10 km
Male
Tanker is available
Tanker is available
2 hours
1 Hour
15 minutes
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Haji Ismail Jat

Dabai
Haji Abu Jat
Beer Jat
Haji Moosa Jat
Khuda Bux Jat
Haji Hashim Jat
Ali Bux Jat
Gurb
60
390
do
8 km
Tanker is available
20 minutes
Nil
Nil
144
25
40
25
15
20
90
36
163
260
163
97
130
585
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
8 km
8 km
8 km
8 km
8 km
8 km
8 km
Tanker is available
Tanker is available
Tanker is available
Tanker is available
Tanker is available
Tanker is available
Tanker is available
30 minutes
20 minutes
30 minutes
30 minutes
25 minutes
30 minutes
30 mints
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
5
5
Meeroo Dablo
56
364
do
8 km
Tanker is available
30 mints
Keti Bunder
310
2015
do
10 km
Tanker is available
45 mints
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Some soft pit
latrine
Some soft pit
latrine
Some soft pit
latrine
30
31
Existing water
sources
Page 22 of 30
5
80

Several actions are required to improve access to drinking water in 31 Programme area villages. Few of
the actions are mentioned below:
1. Provision of Boat-water tanker in Hajamro Creek: Looking into the severe drinking water crisis the
Programme has already intervened and provided one boat water tanker with a capacity of 16,000
liters. The boat water tanker will supply drinking water to four villages of Hajamro creek and will be
managed by Hajamro Mahool Dost Committee. There will be four 4000 liter water tanks fixed, one in
each village and twice a week or as required, a water tanker will fill these tanks. The village
committee will collect the fee which will be utilized for the maintenance of the boat water tanker and
its routine cost.
2. Construction of water storage tank in Keti Bunder: There is no water available in Keti Bunder
town, usually water tankers are providing water to Keti Bunder. The water tank will be constructed
near the site of a Jetty to store water, which will be then transported to creek by boat water tanker.
3. Provision of hand pumps: Few villages have ground water fit for drinking. In such cases more hand
pumps will be provided to increase the access of water.
4. Distribution of Bio-Sand filter plants: The WWF-Pakistan has already introduced Bio-Sand filter in
creek villages. This coverage of Bio-Sand filter will be increased.
5. Installation of solar sweet water panel: The solar panels will be installed for water purification.
These are used in coastal areas to dissolve the salt from sea water and make it drinkable. The
experimental panels will be installed at two places and if succeeded, these panels will be scaled up.
6. Availability of water at Keti Bunder town: District government is providing piped water supply to
Keti Bunder, which is essential for creek villages. Continuous relationships will be built with district
government to expedite the work.

Similar to drinking water, sanitation conditions require more attention at Keti Bunder area. Open space
defecation is common. This puts children at risk of diarrhoeal diseases as well as makes women uneasy.
Following action are suggested for improving access to sanitation:
Page 23 of 30
Action plan for improving drinking water and sanitation access at Keti Bunder
Action
When
Provision of Boat Water Tanker
Jan-Feb
Fixing 4 water tanks
08
in four villages of
Hajamro creek
Where
Who
Villages Phirt,
Tippin, Kharyoon
and Siddique Dablo
Hajamro
Mahool Dost
Committee
(HMDC)
WWF Field
Staff
HMDC and
WWF field
staff
HMDC
Buying of Boat water

tanker of 16000 liter
capacity
Operation of Boat
water tanker
Feb. 08
March
on ward
Provision of water
to four villages
Construction of water
tank in Keti Bunder
town
AprilJune
2008
Keti Bunder town
AprilJune
2008
Hand Pumps
Provision of Hand
Pumps
BioSand Filters
List of
households/settlements
where bio-sand filter
will be introduced
Distribution of
BioSand filters
Geo reference of all
the proposed
schemes
Monitoring and
lobbying for early of
piped water supply for
JulyDec
2008
Comments
New boat will

be bought
Boat will fill the
fixed tanks
after two days
Boat water
tanker will buy
water from
commercial
tankers
Each village
committee will
collect the fee
to cover the
operation cost
WWF field
staff will
monitor the
operation
Relevant
CBOs to be
identified
Field staff
will monitor
the process
Villages where
ground water is fit
for drinking- There
are just few villages
Partner CBO
and field staff
CBO
Field staff
CBOs
Field staff
GIS staff with
the help of
communities
Community
meetings
GIS Site maps
Jan-Dec
2008
How/why
Follow up with
district government
Follow up with
CBOs
District
governm
Construction
of the water
tank
This will be
used by
boat tanker
Provision
of Hand
Pumps
Supervision
of installation
Community
meetings
Taking
coordinates
Super
imposing
data on
maps
Regular
meeting
with district
IESC and
subcommittee
Page 24 of 30
Action
Keti Bunder town
When
Water Desalinization unit

Feasibility for water
Aprildesalinization unit
June
2008
Installation of
desalinization unit
JulySept.
2008

Public Toilets
Identification and
Aprilprioritization of
June
villages for public
2008
toilets
Finalization of
locations in prioritized
villages
toilets
JulyDec
2008
Where
Sindh government
Who
ent and
Taluka
Nazim
NGOs or
other
institution
Selected village(s)
in creeks
Surveyed village(s)
Among 31
programme area
villages
Field
team,
CBO and
PMU
Technical
experts
Field staff
and local
CBOs
How/why
government
government
Costing
Technical
training
Physical
installation
About 20 locations
in ten villages with
priority to places
where women have
an access
in selected
settlements
Field staff
and local
CBOs and
community
CBO
Community
District Govt.
House Hold Pit Latrines

Feasibility of
Aprilhousehold pit latrines June
2008
Construction of
JulyDec
2008
All 31 programme
area villages,
prioritize about 5 for
first phase
implementation
Field staff and

local CBOs
and
community
Collaborating
NGO
District Govt.
officials
In five prioritized
villages
CBO
Community
District Govt.
Follow up
with Sindh
Monitoring
of Plants for
efficacy and
efficiency
Comments
will be
requested for
recommending
Sindh and
district Govt.
Field team
will monitor
the
functioning
regularly with
CBO
Field visit
Community
meetings
Meetings
with CBOs
Field visit
Community
meetings
Meetings
with CBOs
Provision of
material
Technical
assistance
Sharing
design
Actual
supervision of
work
Field visit
Community
meetings
Meetings
with CBOs
Provision of
material
Technical
assistance
Sharing
design
supervision
of work
Page 25 of 30
Water and Sanitation Action Plan for Pai forest

The area surrounded by Pai forest, Nawabshah is a comparatively more developed area than the other
three sites. Mostly the area consists on settled villages, connected by good road network as well as
irrigation network of Rohri canal system. This area also possesses fertile agriculture land. The socioeconomic profile of the area demonstrates better quality of life however the living condition of
sharecroppers and landless people is not different from other areas. The Programme area has identified
22 villages for interventions which are settled in close proximity of Pai forest and people are dependent
on the resources of forest and agriculture.

has been used a basis for the preparation of action plan. Survey was conducted in all 22 villages in which
community members participated. The survey inquired existing source of water, distance from source,
responsibility of fetching water and availability of sanitation facilities. Survey result is presented in table
below.
According to the survey all the villages were using ground water for drinking purposes. The area is
bestowed with sweet ground water, which is fit for drinking. According to recently concluded socioeconomic assessment, 200 (85%) household out of 236 were using hand pump for drinking water, which
endorses the rapid assessment above.
The sanitation situation of this site is also better than others, however it still requires improvement. Socioeconomic survey data shows that out of 232 respondents 109 were still using open space which is a huge
number. However some households have none-flush toilets and pit latrines too.

Fewer actions are required to improve access to drinking water in 22 programme area villages. Few of the
actions are mentioned below:
1. Water quality testing: Majority of villages and households are using hand pumps as their main
source for drinking water. It is highly desirable to get the ground water tested before installation of
further hand pumps. Water sample should be collected from sample hand pumps and their chemical
testing will be obtained from a recognized institutions. The test result will be shared with local
communities. In case if water is not fit for drinking, alternate drinking water programmes will be
initiated.
2. Provision of hand pumps: Few villages have ground water fit for drinking. In such cases more hand
pumps will be provided to increase the access of water.
3. Piped water supply schemes: There are about 12 large settlements where population exceeds 800
people. The organized piped schemes are more feasible to increase the access of water in these
settlements as it is more cost effective. These settlements will be connected with the major federal
government initiatives for drinking water in which filter plants are being installed. These villages will
be connected to these programmes through districts governments.
Page 26 of 30

Comparatively sanitation situation is better but still requires certain actions to improve it. Following action
are suggested for improving access to sanitation:
pit latrines will be constructed on cost sharing basis according to the situation. The resources of local
government at union council level and district government will be mobilized to supplement the
programme activities. Initially the focus will be to improve the access of women to sanitation facilities,
thus the schemes will be identified and installed according to their demand and requirements.
3. Flush toilets: At small scale level flush toilets will be constructed on cost sharing basis. These will be
disposed into sewage lines.
4. Installation of sewage line: Similar to the water supply, the larger settlement requires proper
Page 27 of 30
Drinking water and Sanitation Assessment of Programme area of Pai Forest Nawabshah
SR
#
Village Name
No.
of
H.H
Population
Existing water
sources
40
400
Hand/motor Pump
No
2
3
Nazar Mohammad
Bhatti
Murad Keryo
Palyo Bhutto
55
25
450
600
Hand/motor Pump
Hand/motor Pump
No
Open drain system
Nangar Chandio
70
700
Hand/motor Pump
No
Distance
from
Source
Responsibility of
water collection
Existing Sanitation
system
No. of HH having
access to safe
sanitation
10 H.H
-
Morio Lakho
77
1200
Hand/motor Pump
Open drain system
54 H.H
Punhon Gudaro
53
1500
Hand/motor Pump
21 H.H
Gh: Qader Jatoi
175
850
Hand/motor Pump
Open drain system

(Repaireable)
No
70
800
Hand/motor Pump
No
9
10
Khan Mohammad
Chohan
Haji Keryo
Jaffar Jamali
84
60
1000
700
Hand/motor Pump
Open drain system

No
84
Hand/motor Pump
11
12
Rahmo Keryo
Mari Jalbani
315
1100
4500
8000
Hand/motor Pump
Hand/motor Pump
63 H.H
440 H.H
13
Mari Sabki
110
1000
Hand/motor Pump
Open drain system

Open drain system
(Repairable)
Open drain system(
Not Functional)
14
Mari Allam
150
1500
Hand/motor Pump
150
15
Majeed Keryo
360
3000
Hand/motor Pump
Open drain system(

Not Functional)
Open drain system
(Major Repairable)
16
Mehmood Keeryo
76
400
Hand/motor Pump
No
17
Daud Gudaro
15
125
Hand/motor Pump
No
18
Gulsheer Machi
42
200
Hand/motor Pump
No
19
Rasool Abad
10
50
Hand/motor Pump
No
Open drain system

(Repairable)
145 H.H
82 H.H
20
Ghullam Hyder
Bhutto
161
1850
Hand/motor Pump
21
Talli
102
2500
Hand/motor Pump
Open drain system
22
Guhram Faqeer
Zardari
12
200
Hand/motor Pump
No
Page 28 of 30
110
252 H.H
Action plan for improving drinking water and sanitation access at Pai Forest area
Action
When

Collection of
April-June
water samples
2008
and quality
March 08
testing
Sharing of testing
results
Provision of Hand Pumps
Identification of
April-June
location for hand
2008
pumps
Provision of Hand July-Sept
Pumps
2008
Feb-April
08
Geo reference of
all the proposed
schemes
Piped water supply
July-Dec
Feasibility for
2008
piped water
supply schemes
Implementation of
piped water
supply scheme
Identification,
assessment and
negotiation for
maintenance of
existing water
facilities if any
Where
Who
How/why
Selected hand
pumps
Relevant CBOs to
be identified by
field office
villages
Field staff of
WWF-P
Selected
locations
Relevant CBO
and WWF-P field
staff
Partner CBO and
field staff
Identified villages
Chemical testing of
water samples from a
recognized
institutions
Community meetings
Community meetings
GIS Site maps
Large settlement
on priority basis
Jan-Dec
2009
Large settlement
on priority basis
July-Dec
2008
Existing water
supply schemes
GIS staff with the

help of
communities
District
government
Communities
CBO
District
government
CBO
CBO along with
Field office staff
and concerned
department
Comments
Provision of Hand
Pumps
Supervision of
installation
Taking proper
coordinates
Super imposing data
on maps
Engineering design
and levels
Costing of schemes
Physical
implementation of
schemes
Assessment of
maintenance work
Costing
Collaboration

Public Toilets
Identification and
prioritization of
villages for public
toilets
Finalization of
locations in
prioritized villages
Construction of
public toilets
April-June
2008
July-Dec
2008
Among 22
programme area
villages
Field staff and

local CBOs
Field visit
Community meetings
Meetings with CBOs
About 20
locations in ten
villages with
priority to places
where women
have an access
Identified
locations in
selected
settlements
Field staff and

local CBOs and
community
Field visit
Community meetings
Meetings with CBOs
CBO
Community
District Govt.
Provision of material
Technical assistance
Sharing design
Supervision of work
Page 29 of 30
Field staff will

monitor the
process
Action
Pit Latrines
Feasibility of
household pit
latrines
Construction of
household pitlatrines
Sewage Lines
Feasibility for
sewage lines
When
Where
Who
How/why
April-June
2008
All 22
programme area
villages, prioritize
about 5 for first
phase
implementation
Field visit
Community meetings
Meetings with CBOs
Consultation on cost
sharing
July-Dec
2008
In five prioritized
villages
Field staff and

local CBOs and
community
Collaborating
NGO
District Govt.
officials
CBO
Community
District Govt.
Sharing design
Supervision of work
July-Dec
2008
About 10 large
settlements
Field staff and

local CBOs and
community
Collaborating
NGO
District Govt.
officials
Orangi Pilot
Project
CBO
Field staff and
PMU
Site visit
Actual measurements
Community
participation
Appropriate
engineering design
Negotiations for
collaboration for
sewage scheme
JanMarch
2009
Implementation of
sewage scheme
April Dec
2009
Flush Latrines
Feasibility for
flush-latrines
July-Sep.
2008
Construction of
flush latrines
Oct-Dec
2008
District Govt.
NGOs
Relevant
agencies
Identified
locations having
population 1000
and above
Villages having
access to drains
or disposal
system
Identified
locations
CBO, Community
District Govt
Collaborating
NGO/agency
Comments
Sharing feasibility
study
Arrange site visit
Meetings
Sharing design
Supervision of work
CBO
Community
Field staff
Site visit
Community
consultations
CBO, Community
District Govt.
Collaborating
NGO/agency
Sharing design
Supervision of work
Page 30 of 30

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Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY-2005 5

Water and Sanitation Situation Analysis ..14

Improving access to Sanitation.

Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan

By adopting the Mellenium

1 Human Development Report 2006.

Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan

National Drinking Water Policy (Draft)2:

National Sanitation Policy3

Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan

National Environmental Policy-20054

Adequate treatment and disposal of excreta and wastewater

4 National Environmental Policy.

Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan

Water and Sanitation Coverage

Percentage of housing units with

Programme sites specific information

6 Pakistan Millenium Development Goal report 2006. http://www.crprid.org/Publications/GoalWise2006/Goal%207.pdf

Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan

The Indus for All Programme

Water and Sanitation Action Plan for Chotiari Reservoir

Water and Sanitation Situation Analysis

Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan

Lal bux Unar

Note: 187 household are having some kind of sanitation facilities.

Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Improving access to water

Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan

Improving access to Sanitation

Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan

Improving access to water

Water quality testing

Sharing water quality

Installation of Hand/Motor Pumps

Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Field staff will

Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan

Piped water Supply Scheme

Negotiations for piped

Distribution of Bio-Sand filter

GIS Site maps

GIS staff with

Improving access to sanitation

Field staff and

Water and Sanitation Action Plans

Field staff and

Indus For All Programme, WWF Pakistan

Field staff and

Construction of Sewage lines