APA 6th Edition

Caldwell Community College & Technical Institute

APA Title Page

APA title page format requirements:

A header appears on every page. The words Running head only appear on the first
page.
To insert the header into your paper, go to the second page of your document. Select
insert then page number, top of page and select the first option: plain number 1. Type
your title in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS. Then, hit the tab button two times to get the
page number right aligned.
Go to page one. Click Different First Page under Header & Footer Tools. Type
Running head: then your title in all capital letters. Tab 2 times and type the number 1
Be sure that all information in the header is in a 12-point font to match the text in the
body of your paper.
The title of your paper, your name, and the name of the college belong centered in the
middle of page 1.

Running head: TITLE

The Running head includes the words Running head

with a colon (:). The title of the document, in all capital
letters, belongs after the colon. If the title is long, only
use 50 characters of your title, including spaces and
punctuation.
Note: Some instructors may want
additional information on your title
page like:

Title of Paper
Your Name
Name of College

Title of Paper
Your Name
Course Name/Number
Instructor
Date

Basic Formatting for APA Papers:

1-inch margins
Double spaced
Times New Roman or Arial Font
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APA 6th Edition

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Abstract
The abstract is created on a blank page and follows the title page. The page header will still
contain the title of the paper in all capital letters, but Running head: is no longer needed.
Start the page with the word Abstract in the center of the first line. There is no other formatting
required, i.e. bold, italics, or underlining. The body of the abstract will be one double-spaced
paragraph, and it does not need a paragraph indention at the beginning of the paragraph.
The abstract should be a clearly written, 150-250 word summary of the main points in the
research paper. Try to focus on the topic, research, questions encountered, method, results,
conclusion, and, if needed, future research in the paper.
*Not all papers require an abstract. Ask your instructor if this section is needed.

TITLE

2
Abstract

Erik Erikson was a psychologist specializing in neo Freudian studies. Many of his thoughts came from the
Freud way of thinking. A neo Freudian is someone who is influenced by and still practices elements of
Sigmund Freuds psychoanalysis. Erik Eriksons development theory expanded on Freuds five stages of
development, and he later developed an eight stage model of development known as The Life Cycle
Completed. The ego and sexual development are a large focus for Erik Eriksons stages. In each of his
stages there are two main terms for the individual to learn and they are always opposites of each other, i.e.
trust v. mistrust, and autonomy v. shame. Current psychologists and researchers still use Eriksons stages
of development for individual assessments and research is still conducted to prove the validity of Eriksons
design. Eriksons work is important to various areas of psychology especially those dealing with
development and personality.

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APA 6th Edition

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Body of Paper
The main body of the APA research paper should begin on a new page following the abstract.
The words Running head no longer appear on each page, but the page number remains in the
upper right corner of the paper. Center the title of your paper on the first line of this page.
Titles
When referring to the title of a work within your paper, capitalize the first word and all
words four letters or more long. (These rules differ on the Reference page.)

Capitalize words under four letters if they are nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, and
adverbs.

Capitalize both words if separated by a hyphen.

Do Not Capitalize:

articles (e.g. a, an, the)

prepositions (e.g. against, between, in, of, to)

coordinating conjunctions (e.g. and, but, for, nor, so, yet)

the to infinitive (i.e. How to Write a Paper)

Italicize titles of books, edited collections, movies, television series, albums, etc.
Ex: The Sound of Music.
One Author
(Johnson, 2009, p. 17).

In-Text Citation Basics

In-text citations consist of authors last name and year of

publication. Include the appropriate page number(s) when
directly quoting.

In-text citations are used throughout your paper when you

are directly quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing an
authors work.

If there is no author, use the first few words of the title in

quotation marks in the in-text citation.

Last Update: 3/29/16

Two Authors
(Twedel & McDonough, 2009, p. 17).
Three-Five Authors
First citation:
(Yudkin, Brown, & Smith, 2009, p. 17).
All other citations:
(Yudkin et al., 2009, p. 17).
Six or More Authors
(Calhoun et al., 2009, p. 17).
No Author
(Quitting Smoking, 2011, p. 5).

APA 6th Edition

Caldwell Community College & Technical Institute
Short Quotations
When directly quoting from a work, be sure to include the author, year of publication, and page
number in the citation. Begin the quotation with an introductory, or signal, phrase. An
introductory phrase includes the authors name, and/or title of the source. If the authors name is
used within the introductory phrase, follow this phrase with the publication date in parentheses.
If the authors name is not used, the authors last name, the year of publication, and the page
numbers will be placed in parentheses after the quotation.
With authors name in signal phrase:
According to Johnson (2009), eye injuries often occur at work, during recreational activities
and while performing routine household chores (p. 17).
Without authors name in signal phrase:
He says, Its important to wear protective eye-wear, but does not state where to purchase
said eye-wear (Johnson, 2009, p. 17).
Long Quotations
Quotations longer than 40 words will be set up in a block quotation, omitting quotation marks.
To begin, type a signal phrase followed by a colon. The quotation begins on a new line and is
indented one tab button (like a paragraph indention). Block quotes will continue to be double
spaced. (Note: The period will come before the citation in the block form of quotations only).
When speaking of eye protection, Johnson (2009) states the following:
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, about 2,000 U.S.
workers suffer job-related eye injuries that require medical treatment each day.
Wearing protective eye gearsuch as goggles, face shields and safety glasses can
reduce the severity of these injuries or even prevent up to 90 percent of them. (p. 17)
Summary or Paraphrase
If you are not directly quoting the work but paraphrasing an idea from the work, you are still
required to cite the source.
o According to Johnson (2009), the eyes exposure to sun can cause the development of
many diseases of the eye.
o The eyes exposure to sun can cause the development of many diseases of the eye
(Johnson, 2009).
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APA 6th Edition

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Secondary Sources
When using information quoted from another source, the original source must get credit and the
citation must be provided for the secondary source. For example, you are reading Johnsons
article and in the article, Johnson cites Starnes work. If you want to use Starnes ideas for your
paper, you need to give credit to the original author (Starnes) and where you found the
information (Johnsons article). On the reference page, list Johnsons article in the correct
format. Within the paper, use an introductory phrase, as shown in the example below, to credit
Starnes work; in the citation, use as cited in and the usual citation information. This lets the
reader know the information was from Johnson but originated with Starnes.
Starnes research (as cited in Johnson, 2009, p. 17) shows the benefits of using eye protection.
Works with More than One Author
When a work has two authors, cite both names every time the reference occurs within the text.
Twedel and McDonough (2009) find that the lake is clean (p. 17).
(Twedel & McDonough, 2009, p. 17).
When a work has three, four, and five authors, cite all authors in the first citation and cite only
the first authors name followed by et al. in subsequent citations.
Use as first citation in text
Yudkin, Brown and Smith (2009) say it will be cold (p. 17).
(Yudkin, Brown, & Smith, 2009, p. 17).
Use in subsequent citations
Yudkin et al. (2009) say the ball is round (p. 17).
(Yudkin et al., 2009, p. 17).
When a work has six or more authors, cite only the first authors name followed by et al. in the
first and subsequent citations.
According to Calhoun et al., (2009) flowers irritate allergies (p. 17).
or
(Calhoun et al., 2009, p. 17).

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APA 6th Edition

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APA Reference Format Basics

The Reference page belongs in the same document with the rest of the paper. The page
header should be at the top of the page. Center the word References at the top of the page.

Alphabetize entries by the first item, such as the authors last name. If there is no author,
the title will appear first.

The first line of each entry should not be indented; the second, third, fourth, etc. line(s)
should be indented five spaces (or inch). This is called a hanging indentation. See the
examples on the pages which follow.

Only the first word of the title and subtitle, if applicable, is capitalized. This applies to
book and article titles.
Example 1 (book title): How to write a paper
Example 2 (article title): Health education-The case for rehabilitation

The Writing Center has a copy of the 6th edition APA manual for student use. If you have
a source that isnt listed on this guide or have any questions about APA format, please
come by and ask a writing consultant.

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APA 6th Edition

Caldwell Community College & Technical Institute
Table of Contents Reference Samples
Author with more than one work ...................................................................................................12
Blog Posting ...................................................................................................................................15
Book(s) .............................................................................................................................................8
Chapter from a Textbook .................................................................................................................9
Electronic Book .............................................................................................................................13
Encyclopedia Entry ..........................................................................................................................9
Government / University Online Document ..................................................................................11
Government Document ....................................................................................................................9
Images ............................................................................................................................................16
Instructor Handout .........................................................................................................................14
Instructor Lecture ...........................................................................................................................14
Interview Personal Communication ............................................................................................14
Online Book (from NCLive) ..........................................................................................................13
Online Encyclopedia or Dictionary ...............................................................................................14
Online Journal Article from Subscription Database (i.e. NCLive) ................................................12
Online Journal Article with DOI....................................................................................................12
Online Magazine Article ................................................................................................................13
Online Newspaper Article..............................................................................................................13
Website Article ..............................................................................................................................11

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APA 6th Edition

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Sample APA References: BOOKS

In-Text Citation

Book One Author

(Note: Only the first word in the title should be capitalized, and title of
book goes in italics)
LastName, FirstInitial. MiddleInitial. (Date of Publication). Title of
book (edition [if applicable].). City of Publication, State:
Publisher.
Yudkin, J. M. (2008). Understanding music (5th ed.). Upper Saddle

(Yudkin, 2008, p. 17).

River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

BookTwo or More Authors
(Note: Include all authors names up to and including seven authors
[see example one below]. When there are eight or more authors,
include the first six authors names, then insert an ellipsis [], and
add the last authors name [see example two below]).
Example One- work with up to seven authors (list all names):
Yudkin, J. M., Brown, M. L., & Smith, L. K. (2009). Defending the

List all names up to six authors

(Yudkin, Brown & Smith, 2009).

truth. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Example Two- work with more eight or more authors:
Weiss, J., Baker, H., Tripp, C., Deal, E.W., Carruthers, E., Thompson,

Use et al. for seven or more

authors

(Weiss et al., 2011).

F., * Harvey, P. (2011). The long, long road from

psychodrama. Middltown, OH: Interesting Books, Inc.

*Implies more authors

names.

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APA 6th Edition

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Chapter from a Textbook
(Note: Only the first word of the title of the chapter and the title of the
textbook are capitalized. Always put the word In before the title of
the textbook).
LastName, FirstIntital. MiddleIntital. (Date of Publication). Title of
chapter. In Title of textbook (edition number if applicable and
page numbers). City of Publication, State: Publisher.
Yudkin, J. H. (2008). The nineteenth century: Early romantic music. In
Understanding music (5th ed., pp. 22-55). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Government Document
National Institute of Food Safety. (1999). Clinical training in serious

(Yudkin, 2008, p. 52).

Agency is named in first
citation with abbreviation in
square brackets. Abbreviation
is used in all subsequent
citations.

(National Institute of Food

food borne illness (FDA Publication No. ADM 92-1862).

Safety [NIFS], 1999).

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

(NIFS, 1999).

Encyclopedia Entry
Weinberger, P. G. (2003). Research. In The new encyclopedia
Britannica (Vol. 22, p.101). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia
Britannica.

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(Weinberger, 2003).

APA 6th Edition

Caldwell Community College & Technical Institute
Selection from an Anthology

In-Text Citation

OConnor, F. (2011). A good man is hard to find. In M. Meyer (Ed.),

(OConnor, 2011, p. 451)

The Bedford introduction to literature (pp. 449-459). Boston,

MA: Bedford/St. Martins.
Citing Sacred or Classical Texts
When citing a sacred text or a classical work, a reference entry is not
required. In classical works, cite the year of translation by using trans.
before the year:
(Aristotle, trans. 131)
Many sacred works are segmented by chapters, books, lines, etc., so
use this information as opposed to page numbers when citing sections
of the text. Cite the version in the first citation:
John 3:16 (New International Version)

Sample APA References: ONLINE

(Note: Only the first word of the title of the website needs to be
capitalized. The words Retrieved from go before the URL. There is
no need to write out the entire URL in the citation. Do not include a
period at the end of the entry. Dates of retrieval are only necessary
when citing webpages that are likely to change (e.g. wikis).

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APA 6th Edition

Caldwell Community College & Technical Institute
In-Text Citation

Website Article
Lastname, FirstInitial. MiddleInitial. (Date of Publication). Title of
webpage. Retrieved from http://www.website.com
Priedt, R. (2015, June 8). Poor sleep? Eating less at night may help.

(Priedt, 2015).

Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com

Website Article No Author
Title of web page. (Date of Publication). Retrieved from
http://www.website.com
AAMI standards philosophy and strategy: Key elements. (2007, June).

(AAMI Standards,
2007).

Retrieved from http://www.aami.org/standards/

philosophy.html
Government / University Online Document
(Note: Organizations and government agencies can be authors as

When used in the in-text

citation, article titles are
enclosed in quotation marks.
If the title is long, you may
shorten it in the in-text
citation.

shown in the sample below.)

Author. (Date of Publication, Creation, or Revision). Title of
document. Retrieved from http://www.website.com

Administration. (2009, October 9). FDA awards $17.5 million

(U.S. Food and Drug

Administration [FDA],
2009).

in grants to further study food and feed safety. Retrieved from

(FDA, 2009).

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug

http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/
PressAnnouncements/ucm186150.htm

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APA 6th Edition

Caldwell Community College & Technical Institute
Online Journal Article from Subscription Database (i.e. NCLive)

In-Text Citation

with Volume and Issue

(Note: The title of the journal includes capital letters where
appropriate. This title and the Volume Number are in italics).
LastName, FirstIntital. MiddleIntital. (Date of Publication). Article
title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue Number), Inclusive PageNumbers. Retrieved from http://www.website.com
Twedel, D., & McDonough, M. (2009, August) Treating ventricular
tachycardia. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing,

(Twedel & McDonough,

2009, p. 342).

40(8), 342-343. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.com

Journal Article with DOI
LastName, FirstIntital. MiddleIntital. (Date of Publication). Article
title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue Number), Inclusive PageNumbers. doi: 10.10xx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Green, J. (2008, December) Health education-The case for

(Green, 2008, p. 448).

rehabilitation. Critical Public Health, 18(4), 447-456. doi:

10.1080/09581590802443596
Author(s) with more than one work
(Note: Prioritize works by year of publication, oldest first; if published
in the same year, assign alphabetic designations (a, b, c) to works in
alphabetic order.).
Example One- Same author, different years of publication:
Hamon, T. (2001). The role of calcium in the diet. Vitamins from
A-Z. 12(9), 12-13. Retrieved from http://website.com
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(Hamon, 2001, p. 12).

APA 6th Edition

Caldwell Community College & Technical Institute
Hamon, T. (2003). Healthy bones linked to vitamin D. Vitamins from

(Hamon, 2003, p. 241).

A-Z. 14(18), 240 - 245. Retrieved from http://website.com

Example Two- Same author, same year of publication:
Hamon, T. (2003a). Cant get enough vitamin C. Vitamins from A-Z.

(Hamon, 2003a, p. 23).

14 (17), 22-25. Retrieved from http://website.com

Hamon, T. (2003b). Healthy bones linked to vitamin D. Vitamins from

(Hamon, 2003b, p. 12).

A-Z. 14 (18), 12-13. Retrieved from http://website.com

Online Book (from NCLive)
LastName, FirstIntital. MiddleIntital. (Date of Publication). Title of

(Calhoun & Bradley, 1997).

book. Retrieved from http://www.website.com

Calhoun, S., & Bradley, J. (1997). Nutrition, cancer and you: What
you need to know, and where to start. Retrieved from
http://www.netlibrary.com
Electronic Books
Ellsberg, M. (2010). The power of eye contact: Your secret success in

(Ellsberg, 2010, p. 232).

business, love, and life. Retrieved from

http://books.google.com/ebooks?id=XOp86Mf0jY0C&as_brr=
5&source=webstore_bookcard
Online Newspaper Article
Chernow, R. (2009, October 23). Everymans financial meltdown. The

(Chernow, 2009)

New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.com

Online Magazine Article
Klein, J. (2011, August 29). What a win. Time Magazine, 178(8).
Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/magazines
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(Klein, 2011)

APA 6th Edition

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Online Encyclopedia or Dictionary

In-text Citation

(Note: If there is an author available, begin with the authors

LastName, FirstInitial, MiddleInitial. If not, begin with the article
title.)
Society. (1993). In Encyclopdia Britannica online. Retrieved from

(Society, 1993).

http://www.britannica.com/society
Other Types of Sources
Interview - Personal Communication
(Note: Personal interviews are not included on the Reference page.

(Matt Williams, personal

They are noted in the text only. Include interviewees name, type and

communication, August 25,

date of interview.)

2011).

Instructor Lecture
LastName, FirstInitial. MiddleInitial. (Year, Month). Title of lecture.
In class lecture, Location.
Benton, L. (2010, November).The Romantic period. In class lecture,

(Benton, 2010).

Caldwell Community College and Technical Institute.

Instructor Handout
LastName, FirstInitial. MiddleInitial. (Year, Month). Title of handout.
Source of handout, Location.
Benton, L. (2010, November). Attributes of the Romantic period.
Course Moodle page, Caldwell Community College and
Technical Institute.

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(Benton, 2010).

APA 6th Edition

Caldwell Community College & Technical Institute
Blog Posting

In-Text Citation

(Note: Use the authors full name if available; if not, use the screen
name. Use the exact date of the posting.)
LastName, FirstIntital. MiddleIntital. (Year, Month Day). Subject of
the message. [Web log post]. Retrieved from
http://www.website.com
The Jolly Reader. (2011, June 30). A pirate learns to read. [Web log

(The Jolly Reader, 2011).

post]. Retrieved from http://thejollyreader.wordpress.com/

2011/06/30/a-pirate-learns-to-read/
YouTube videos
Author, A. A. [Screen name]. (year, month day). Title of video
[Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com

Bio. (2012, September 21). Mini bio Edgar Allan Poe [Video file].
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x387NMCR6w

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(Bio, 2012).

APA 6th Edition

Caldwell Community College & Technical Institute
Images such as photographs, charts and graphs are inserted into the
body of the paper as near the text which discusses the image as
possible. Each image will be labeled as a Figure and citation
information is noted in the figure legend or caption. Using text boxes
will simplify the labeling process.
Figure 1 Cover of APA Publication Manual, 6th Edition

APA publication manual, 6th ed. [Image]. Retrieved from

http://www.bakeru.edu/images/stories/1_Academics/2_Library/citation/apa_6th_ed.gif

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