The six areas of the PLTS framework

Independent enquirers

Team workers

Focus: Young people process and evaluate information in their

investigations, planning what to do and how to go about it. They
take informed and well-reasoned decisions, recognising that others
have different beliefs and attitudes.
Young people:
identify questions to answer and problems to resolve
plan and carry out research, appreciating the consequences of
decisions
explore issues, events or problems from different perspectives
analyse and evaluate information, judging its relevance and
value
consider the influence of circumstances, beliefs and feelings on
decisions and events
support conclusions, using reasoned arguments and evidence.

Focus: Young people work confidently with others, adapting to

different contexts and taking responsibility for their own part. They
listen to and take account of different views. They form collaborative
relationships, resolving issues to reach agreed outcomes.
Young people:
collaborate with others to work towards common goals
reach agreements, managing discussions to achieve results
adapt behaviour to suit different roles and situations, including
leadership roles
show fairness and consideration to others
take responsibility, showing confidence in themselves and their
contribution
provide constructive support and feedback to others.

Effective participants

Self managers

Focus: Young people actively engage with issues that affect them
and those around them. They play a full part in the life of their
school, college, workplace or wider community by taking
responsible action to bring improvements for others as well as
themselves.
Young people:
discuss issues of concern, seeking resolution where needed
present a persuasive case for action
propose practical ways forward, breaking these down into
manageable steps
identify improvements that would benefit others as well as
themselves
try to influence others, negotiating and balancing diverse views
to reach workable solutions
act as an advocate for views and beliefs that may differ from
their own.

Focus: Young people organise themselves, showing personal

responsibility, initiative, creativity and enterprise with a commitment
to learning and self-improvement. They actively embrace change,
responding positively to new priorities, coping with challenges and
looking for opportunities.
Young people:
seek out challenges or new responsibilities and show flexibility
when priorities change
work towards goals, showing initiative, commitment and
perseverance
organise time and resources, prioritising actions
anticipate, take and manage risks
deal with competing pressures, including personal and workrelated demands
respond positively to change, seeking advice and support when
needed
manage their emotions, and build and maintain relationships.

Reflective learners

Creative thinkers

Focus: Young people evaluate their strengths and limitations,

setting themselves realistic goals with criteria for success. They
monitor their own performance and progress, inviting feedback
from others and making changes to further their learning.
Young people:
assess themselves and others, identifying opportunities and
achievements
set goals with success criteria for their development and work
review progress, acting on the outcomes
invite feedback and deal positively with praise, setbacks and
criticism
evaluate experiences and learning to inform future progress
communicate their learning in relevant ways for different
audiences.

Focus: Young people think creatively by generating and exploring

ideas and making original connections. They try different ways to
tackle a problem, working with others to find imaginative solutions
and outcomes that are of value.
Young people:
generate ideas and explore possibilities
ask questions to extend their thinking
connect their own and others ideas and experiences in inventive
ways
question their own and others assumptions
try out alternatives or new solutions and follow ideas through
adapt ideas as circumstances change.

The new secondary curriculum

Key areas of online support:
Aims download the Aims of the curriculum PDF
A big picture of the curriculum view the video clip of Mick Waters
(Director of Curriculum) talking through a big picture of the curriculum
and download the latest version of the big picture
Skills download the PLTS framework PDF, access more detailed
guidance and explore how each subject relates to PLTS
Curriculum in action view case studies of how schools have developed
PLTS in their curriculum
Online tools to help you embed PLTS in your curriculum.

This leaflet links to further guidance

available on the secondary curriculum
website (www.qca.org.uk/curriculum),
as well as guidance provided on the
CfBT website
(www.newsecondarycurriculum.org).

Order ref: QCA/08/3606

ISBN: 978-1-84721-609-0
Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, 83 Piccadilly, London W1J 8QA. Website: www.qca.org.uk

What are PLTS?

QCA has developed a framework for describing personal, learning
and thinking skills (PLTS) that applies to all young people aged 1119.
The personal, learning and thinking skills framework comprises six
groups:
independent enquirers
creative thinkers
reflective learners
team workers
self-managers
effective participants.
These generic skills, together with the functional skills of English,
mathematics and ICT, are essential to success in life, learning and
work.

What are we trying to achieve?

How will we organise the learning?

The aims of the curriculum are that young people should become
successful learners, confident individuals and responsible citizens. The
development of PLTS is an essential part of meeting these aims. PLTS
have considerable impact on young peoples ability to enter work and
adult life as confident and capable individuals who can make a
positive contribution to society.
For PLTS to be effective it is essential that schools and colleges
personalise the way they work with them, in order to best meet the
needs of their learners and broader communities.

Once you are clear about what you want to achieve, you can make
decisions about the best ways to organise learning. A curriculum
with maximum impact uses coherent themes to link learners
experiences across the school. Schools need to determine what
learning opportunities, events and experiences are necessary to
ensure that PLTS are developed according to their schools specific
aims. Opportunities need to be created where these skills are
explicitly taught or articulated, practiced in different contexts, and
reinforced over an extended period of time, so that young people
can reflect on the development of their PLTS.

Take time to consider the six areas of the PLTS framework. Consider
how these relate to your learners. Keep the following questions in
mind during your planning:

Careful planning is necessary to ensure that PLTS are successfully

integrated. Across the curriculum, young people should have the
opportunity to:

What can your learners do already?

What do your learners need to know, understand and be
able to do?
What skills and personal qualities do you want them to develop?
How can you build on previous learning?
How will this contribute to future skills development?

They are embedded within the new Diploma qualification so that they
form an integral part of teaching and learning.
Working with the PLTS framework
For each group of PLTS, a focus statement sums up the range of skills
and qualities involved. This is accompanied by a set of outcome
statements that are indicative of the relevant skills, behaviours and
personal qualities. Each group of skills is distinctive and coherent. The
groups are also interconnected and learners are likely to encounter
skills from several groups in any one learning experience. To develop
independence, learners need to apply skills from all six groups in a
wide range of contexts.

How will we know when we are

achieving our aims?
You will only be able to evaluate the impact of PLTS if you have
been clear about both expectations and learning outcomes from
the start.
To evaluate the impact effectively, you will need to establish what
skills learners already possess. During the experience, observe and
collect evidence of success from a wide range of sources
appropriate to the context. It is essential that you develop a clear
understanding of how your learners will develop their skills and
competencies in relation to particular learning experiences.
Learners will need to consider how they can apply existing skills to
new and unfamiliar areas, and how they will develop these skills.
Remember to consider various perspectives when evaluating a
young persons progress. In addition to teachers, ask peers to assess
each other and seek the opinions of parents and guardians.

plan and complete tasks in real settings or environments,

sometimes outside the classroom
participate fully in the daily life of the school and discuss
concerns, developing creative ideas and actions to address issues
in their school and wider community
take on new responsibilities and work flexibly as situations
change, organising their own time and resources
think and reflect on what they are doing and what they want to
find out
work in groups, taking on roles and responsibilities, sharing and
refining ideas, evaluating each others work, and questioning the
assumptions behind particular ideas
communicate in a variety of ways and present their ideas to a
range of others, for example their class, teachers, a school
assembly, or people outside school.

Consider what learner progression in PLTS might look like:

Identify examples of young people demonstrating particular
skills.
How did they improve and how did you know?
Are they able to use existing skills and competencies in new
areas?
Gather evidence of what learners achieve in the six PLTS areas.
Consider:
How will you gather evidence and share it with others in ways
which are effective and manageable?
Who is this evidence for?
How can you ensure the evidence informs and impacts
on learning?

What are we trying to achieve?

How will we organise the learning?
How will we know when we are achieving our aims?
We want all young people to be engaged with learning and to
recognise the value and importance of education in their lives. The
advice provided in this leaflet will help you to raise standards, so that
all learners can meet the challenges of life in our fast-changing world.

Go to Skills and then PLTS. Use

the online tool (View PLTS in the
curriculum) to explore how each
subject relates to PLTS.
Go to the Subjects section and follow the links to your subject.
Consider each importance statement in relation to the PLTS
framework.
Go to the Developing your curriculum section and then Introduction
to activities. Navigate to Q1: What are we trying to achieve? and
finally Summary. Download resource sheet F to record what your
learners are like now and what you would like them to achieve as a
result of developing PLTS.

Before you plan your curriculum

you need to establish how
effective you are currently are at
developing PLTS skills.
Go to the Skills section and
follow the links to PLTS and
Guidance. Here you can view
two filmed case studies of
schools planning for PLTS
across the curriculum.
Go to Organising your curriculum and then Principles of curriculum
design. Click on see Mick Waters in the What is a curriculum?
section to view a video clip explaining the big picture of the
curriculum. In light of this, consider how the learning experience you
are planning provides opportunities for the development of PLTS.
Go to Developing your curriculum, then Introduction to activities and
How do we organise learning? In the Turning vision into reality
section, download resource sheet C. This will help you reflect on your
current curriculum, and on how you might organise resources and
teaching and assessment approaches to better meet your aims.

ONLINE SUPPORT

The guidance is built around the three curriculum questions:

Go to the Aims section and

download the Aims of the
curriculum PDF. Compare these
with what you are trying to
achieve for your learners through
PLTS.

ONLINE SUPPORT

This leaflet will support schools in planning and implementing PLTS

the qualities and skills needed for success in learning and life.

ONLINE SUPPORT

What is the purpose of this leaflet?

To find examples of how
schools have considered these
questions, go to the Skills
section of the website and
follow the link to PLTS. Use the
View PLTS in the curriculum
sidebar to navigate to a
particular subject.
Use the advice in the
Evaluating your curriculum
section. Click on how well you
are achieving your aims and view the whole page for further
information. Resource sheet E (in the timely information section)
and resource sheet F (in the summary section) will support you in
evaluating the impact of PLTS on your learners.
Support for the Diploma
PLTS are essential to achieving the aims of the Diploma.
Go to www.qca.org.uk/diploma and follow the links to Delivering
the Diploma and then Recording PLTS in Diplomas. Download the
guidance document on this webpage. This provides guidelines on
recording PLTS in teaching and learning for those involved in
planning and delivering Diploma programmes.