Hazard Analysis

Hazards Analysis & Risks Assessment
By
Sebastien A. Daleyden
Vincent M. Goussen
Hazards Analysis & Risks Assessment
Importance of safety in design

Hazard analysis: What is it?
An useful engineers tool: Designsafe
Unintentional injuries
Cost of $399 billion a year only in the USA;
Fifth leading cause of death;
Due to interaction between machines and
their environment and the way people live
and work
Engineers should more think about the
safety of the users...
The main reasons why we should

more care about safety are:
Time
Costs
Competition
International Influences
Capturing knowledge
Product liability

Objectives:
Tool for engineers and safety
practitioners to
identify possible hazards,
provide an evaluation of the risks,
prompt alternative design solutions
to mitigate or control the risks to an
acceptable level.

Hazard: Potentially dangerous condition, which
is triggered by an event, called the cause of
the hazard.
Risk: hazard that is associated with a severity
and a probability of occurrence.
Hazard analysis: Identify all possible

hazards potentially created by a product,
process or application.
Risk assessment: It is the next step after
the collection of potential hazards. Risk
in this context is the probability and
severity of the hazard becoming reality.
When performed:
Before the design begins.
Information used:
Literature,
Scenarios,
Expert opinions,
Personal experience.

General risk assessment protocol :
Establish Analysis Parameters
Identify Hazards
Assess Risks
Derive Risk Rating
Reduce Risks
Verify Effectiveness
Document Results

Identify Hazards
Assess Risks
Derive Risk Rating
Reduce Risks
Document Results
These parameters can be

limits of the machine or
design, limits on uses,
limits on the scope of the
analysis, or other limits.

Identify Hazards
Assess Risks
Derive Risk Rating
Reduce Risks
Document Results
The nature of this step

lends itself to a team
approach such as
brainstorming.

Identify Hazards
Assess Risks
Derive Risk Rating
Reduce Risks
Document Results
Two risk factors are used:

severity of injury
probability of occurrence

Risk matrix:
Severity Category
Identify Hazards
Assess Risks
Derive Risk Rating
Reduce Risks
Document Results
Probability Level Catastrophic Critical
Marginal
Negligible
Frequent
High
High
Serious
Serious
Probable
High
High
Serious
Low
Occasional
High
Serious
Low
Low
Remote
Serious
Low
Low
Low
Improbable
Serious
Low
Low
Low
If the risk is determined to not be

acceptable, it is necessary to reduce
that risk by implementing protective
measures.

Identify Hazards
Remedy actions are taken to

reduce risks following the hazard
hierarchy:
Assess Risks
Derive Risk Rating
Reduce Risks
Document Results
Eliminate hazards through the design

Protect
Warn the user
Train the user(s)
Personal protective equipment

Identify Hazards
Assess Risks
Derive Risk Rating
Reduce Risks
Document Results
This assessment verifies

that the remedy actions
have reduced the risks to
an acceptable level.

Identify Hazards
Assess Risks
Derive Risk Rating
Reduce Risks
Document Results
The documentation can be added

to a technical file for future use.

When to stop:
There is no zero risk, always some
residual risk remains.
If the residual risk is acceptable, then
the risk assessment process is
completed.

Caution:
Any hazard, which is not identified, will not
be addressed by safety measures and will
not be detecting during testing.
Hazard not identified during this analysis
can create substantial risk to users of the
design.

An efficient tool:
A new computer tool, named
Designsafe, specially designed to speed the
hazard analysis process has become
available.
It uses a task-based method to ensure all
hazards to users are identified.

dse has developed a fast, easy-to-use tool for
engineers and safety professionals to incorporate
safety through design by:
identifying hazards
prompting engineers to think about hazards which
they otherwise might overlook
conducting a risk assessment for identified hazards
reducing risks in a structured method
preventing accidents and reducing liability
what it is...
an engineering tool for improving product
designs and processes
a systematic method for conducting a taskbased safety analysis
a technique for eliminating and controlling
hazards
what it does...
gives designers a quick and easy tool to evaluate safety
issues through design
permits quick assessment of engineer's change orders
to safety issues
assists design engineers in completing a safety analysis
for their products/processes
helps companies identify potential hazards and
provides methods for elimination
prioritizes design activities related to risk
what are the benefits...

helps prompt remedy actions for existing hazards
can be employed at all stages of the life cycle of a
design
assists in obtaining the CE mark for assessing
European markets
can be printed for documentation or a technical file
helps assure all hazards are addressed to completion
what are the limits...

Its a guide, not an expert system;
Poor inputs or incomplete data lead to poor results.
What could be the next steps ?
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)

a powerful diagnostic tool for analyzing
complex systems,
begins with selecting the top event,
repeating this process at successive levels
using standardized symbols identifies
primary and secondary faults.
What could be the next steps ?

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
identifies potential product modes which could
lead to accidents,
breaks down designs into components or
subcomponents, then systematically evaluates
the potential for and effects of individual
failures,
results of the analysis are used to evaluate and
implement preventive measures to eliminate or
control hazards.

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Hazards Analysis & Risks Assessment

Hazards Analysis & Risks Assessment

Importance of safety in design

Importance of safety in design

Importance of safety in design

The main reasons why we should

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Hazard analysis: Identify all possible

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Derive Risk Rating

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Derive Risk Rating

These parameters can be

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Derive Risk Rating

The nature of this step

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Derive Risk Rating

Two risk factors are used:

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Derive Risk Rating

Probability Level Catastrophic Critical

If the risk is determined to not be

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Remedy actions are taken to

Derive Risk Rating

Eliminate hazards through the design

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Derive Risk Rating

This assessment verifies

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Derive Risk Rating

The documentation can be added

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Hazard analysis: What is it?

Hazard analysis: What is it?

An useful engineers tool: Designsafe

An useful engineers tool: Designsafe

An useful engineers tool: Designsafe

An useful engineers tool: Designsafe

what are the benefits...

An useful engineers tool: Designsafe

what are the limits...

What could be the next steps ?

Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)

What could be the next steps ?

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