International Journal of Engineering Management and Life Sciences (IJEMLS)

Volume: 01 Issue: 01 | June-2016

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Comparative Analysis of Wavelet Based Constant Envelope OFDM and

Constant Envelope OFDM Using Phase Modulation
Rafik Ahmad, Shashank Kumar Dubey

Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, BBD University, Lucknow-226020, Uttar Pradesh,
India
Abstract
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a
popular modulation technique for wireless digital
communication. OFDM is a multicarrier system that
provides an efficient way to handle the high speed data
in multipath fading environment. In this paper we study
the suitability of constant envelope multicarrier
modulation Technique. This technique combines
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and phase
modulation.
A new PAPR mitigation technique is presented. In
constant envelope OFDM the high PAPR OFDM signal is
transformed into 0db PAPR by way of phase modulation.
CE-OFDM implementation uses fourier filters via inverse
discrete fourier transform (IDFT) and discrete fourier
transform (DFT). Many researchers suggest that the
wavelet is a good platform for CE-OFDM. In this paper
we shown that the comparison between DFT based CEOFDM With phase modulation and DWT based CE-OFDM
with phase modulation .In this paper we also explore the
more detail of CE-OFDM and DWT-CEOFDM regarding
power spectral density ,BER analysis and spectral
analysis. By way of Matlab simulation DWT-CEOFDM is
compare with CE-OFDM.

Key Words: Wavelet trans form, CE-OFDM SYSTEM,

PAPR

INTRODUCTION
Multicarrier modulation technique such as orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique is a
wideband
technique
for
digital
wireless
communication [1]. In Multicarrier modulation
technique the input data is divided into different
frequency bands on which modulation is performed
and multiplexed at different carrier frequency, so the
information is transmitted on each subcarrier [2]. By

multiplexing data-modulated subcarriers, the OFDM

signal has high amplitude fluctuation which produces a
large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) [3]. Many
techniques have been developed for PAPR problem.
Pre-distortion techniques such as clipping and filtering,
peak windowing, peak cancellation have been studied
[4]. In order to eliminate PAPR, researchers have also
developed other modified OFDM formats by
modulating the OFDM waveform into the frequency or
the phase of a single-carrier signal. Due to the use of
phase or frequency modulation, these formats results
in constant-envelope signals that provide a unity PAPR
(0db). In this the OFDM waveform is transformed in to
0db peak to average power ratio. The signal
transformation technique that converts the variations
in the peak power and average power to a constant
envelope signal, hence it is called as constant envelope
OFDM (CE-OFDM) system [5-10]. In CE-OFDM system
the OFDM signal is transformed with phase
modulation, a signal designed for efficient power
amplification.at the receiver side the phase
demodulation is applied prior to conventional OFDM
demodulator. The main difference between OFDM and
CE-OFDM is that the signal transformation is done
through phase modulation and phase demodulation.
In FFT based OFDM and CE-OFDM system the cyclic
prefix is added before transmitting the signal through
the channel to avoiding ISI and ICI. This cyclic prefix
will take the 25% Bandwidth, To improve bandwidth
performance ,ISI,ICI the DWT-OFDM system was
proposed .The wavelet based system has an stronger
ability to suppress the ISI and ICI than the conventional
OFDM and CE-OFDM system [11].
Recently, it was found that based on Haar-orthonormal
wavelets, discrete wavelet based CEOFDM (DWTCEOFDM) is capable of reducing the inter symbol
interference (ISI) and ICI, which are caused by the loss
in orthogonality between the carriers. DWT-CEOFDM
can also support much higher spectrum efficiency than
discrete Fourier-based OFDM (DFTCEOFDM). The DFTCEOFDM is replaced by DWT-CEOFDM in order to
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International Journal of Engineering Management and Life Sciences (IJEMLS)

Volume: 01 Issue: 01 | June-2016

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further reduce the level of interference and increase

spectral efficiency. In this paper we have addressed the
following keys issue of CE-OFDM-pm and DWTCEOFDM-PM, Spectral analysis and BER analysis.

Where n=0, 1NDFT-1 and j=-1

In Methodology section I we described the system

description of FFT Based CE-OFDM-PM. In section II we
describe DWT CE-OFDMPM. In results section we
have described the BER analysis, spectral analysis of
FFT based CE-OFDM-PM and DWT CE-OFDM-PM.

The signal x (n) produced the high PAPR OFDM

sequence are passing through a phase modulator to
obtain 0db PAPR sequence.
In the constant envelope signal the Information
message signal is a real valued OFDM waveform:

For the sake of easiness, simplicity and less time

consuming we have adopted non probability sampling
technique in which convenience sampling the best
suited for us.
The signal modulates the phase of carrier and the
resulting output of the phase modulator is

METHODOLOGY
Section I: System Description
CE-OFDM system

With the M-QAM data symbols T=N/Fs the signaling

interval duration. Fs is sampling rate and C is constant
and A is the amplitude of signal fc is the carrier
frequency. The phase signal during nth interval is

Constant envelope is a modulation format for digital

wireless transmission. In this format the electrical of
the carrier phase is modulated by OFDM waveform
which provides 0db PAPR.
X(n))

X(K)

Source bit

Modulation mapping

S(t)

IDFT

Phase modulator

Add CP

NOISE

Received Bits

Demapping

DFT

Phase demodulator

FREQUENCY
DOMAIN
EQUALIZER(FDE)

Channel

Remove CP

Figure 1: Block diagram of CE-OFDM using phase modulation

In this system we have to give bit sequence as input.
By using modulation mapping we generate the
symbols. These symbols are then applied to the input
sequence of the IDFT block. During each T second block
interval, as N-DFT inverse fourier transfer (IDFT)
generates sum of orthogonal signal.

Where h is the modulation index Cn is a constant which

is used to normalized the variance. n is the initial
phase which is used for memory term.to make the
modulation phase continuous. The Bandwidth of the
signal s(t) is expressed as B=Max(2h,1) Bw Hz which
is the root mean square bandwidth and of the lower
bounded by the band width of conventional OFDM
which is depend on the modulation index h. The
modulation h plays very important role for bandwidth
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International Journal of Engineering Management and Life Sciences (IJEMLS)

Volume: 01 Issue: 01 | June-2016

description and performance of constant envelope

OFDM.
In the case of CE-OFDM the cyclic prefix is added to
avoid ISI and ICI. At the receiver side cyclic prefix is
discarded and the reverse operation is performed.
Section II: Discrete Wavelet Transform Based CEOFDM
Wavelet transform is a tool which gives the time and
frequency localization of a signal simultaneously.
Because wavelet transform is capable of providing time
and frequency information simultaneously. Hence, it
gives the time frequency representation of signal. By
using wavelet transform we can reduce the ISI and ICI
without the use of cyclic prefix as used in DFT based
OFDM or CE-OFDM system In wavelet-based CEOFDM
(DWTCEOFDM) the IDFT and DFT blocks are simply
replaced by an inverse discrete wavelet transform
(IDWT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) blocks
respectively. In DWT-CEOFDM data modulation and
demodulation are done via IDWT and DWT operations.
The IDWT signal can be generated by:

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To recover the data at the rate 2m Hz the smallest base

band bandwidth should be2m+1 Hz. In wavelet based
modulation the subcarrier waveforms are obtained
through the wavelet transform.
The x (t) signal is passed through phase modulator, the
output of the phase modulator is:
S[t] = Aexp(j2fct+(t)]
(t)=2h x(t)
A is the signal amplitude and (t) is an arbitrary phase
offset which may be used as a design parameter to
achieve phase continuous modulation, h is the
modulation index.
The processing of a signal through which inverse
wavelet transform take place is usually referred to as
synthesizing into wavelet coefficients, while the
reverse operation is called analyzing from wavelet
coefficients. The waveforms constructed through the
wavelet transform (WT) are that they are longer than
the transform size. Hence, wavelet modulation (WM)
belongs to the family of overlapped transform. The
waveforms being K-shift orthogonal, the inter-symbol
orthogonality is the tree algorithm. The wavelet filter
of length L0 generates M waveforms of length:

Figure 2: Wavelet based OFDM system Block Diagram

With phase modulation

Where, (t) is the wavelet function with compressed

factor m times and shifted k times each subcarrier and
x (k) is the data that is modulated onto the wavelets at
different scales. X (t) is completely specified by x (k), x
(k) is the generating sequence for the transmitted
signal x (t) and m is a finite set of integers.

RESULT

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International Journal of Engineering Management and Life Sciences (IJEMLS)

Volume: 01 Issue: 01 | June-2016

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CONCLUSION

Figure 3: Spectrum of DWT-CEOFDM-PM and FFT-CEOFDM-PM

The above Fig. 3 shows the power spectral density of
CE-OFDM and DWT-CEOFDM using phase modulation.
The effective bandwidth of the CE-OFDM-PM is a
function of modulation index h. In this Fig. 3 the signal
bandwidth depends on the modulation index h. From
the above Fig. 3 it has been shown that the DWT based
CE-OFDM signal gives the better spectrum
performance than CE-OFDM and OFDM signal, because
wavelet based system provides the good spectral
performance.
The Fig. 4 shows the BER performance of DWTCEOFDM and CE-OFDM using phase modulation. The
BER performance of DWT CEOFDM is better than the
CE-OFDM. The BER performance is 10-3at 21db in
DWT-CEOFDM, in CE-OFDM the BER is 10-3 at 23db.

In this paper a new PAPR technique has been seen

which provide 0db PAPR. The CE-OFDM is
implemented with wavelet transform gives better
spectrum efficiency than CE-OFDM. The main
disadvantage of OFDM and CE-OFDM is that cyclic
prefix is added to remove ISI and ICI. But in the case of
DWT-CEOFDM there is no need of cyclic prefix. IN this
paper also shows that the DWT based CE-OFDM, the
spectral performance is much better than FFT based
CE-OFDM. The main advantage of using WOFDM is that
it is a very flexible system which is also simple, and has
a low complexity as only low order filters are needed
instead of complex FFT processors. The BER
performance is measured under Rayleigh fading
channel. The BER performance is improved in case of
DWT-CEOFDM than the CE-OFDM.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None

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Figure 4: BER of CE-OFDM and DWT-CEOFDM under

Rayleigh fading channel

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International Journal of Engineering Management and Life Sciences (IJEMLS)

Volume: 01 Issue: 01 | June-2016

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