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    1 2 The Mole and Molar Mass

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    The document defines key chemistry concepts including the mole, Avogadro's number, molar mass, and how they are related. Specifically, it states that a mole is an amount of a substance containing 6.022 x 1023 elementary entities, Avogadro's number, which has been carefully measured. One mole of any entity will contain this number of entities. Molar mass is the mass in grams of one mole of a substance and can be calculated from molecular or chemical formulas.

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    1 2 The Mole and Molar Mass

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    90 views3 pages
    The document defines key chemistry concepts including the mole, Avogadro's number, molar mass, and how they are related. Specifically, it states that a mole is an amount of a substance containing 6.022 x 1023 elementary entities, Avogadro's number, which has been carefully measured. One mole of any entity will contain this number of entities. Molar mass is the mass in grams of one mole of a substance and can be calculated from molecular or chemical formulas.

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    1 2 the mole and molar mass

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    The document defines key chemistry concepts including the mole, Avogadro's number, molar mass, and how they are related. Specifically, it states that a mole is an amount of a substance containing 6.022 x 1023 elementary entities, Avogadro's number, which has been carefully measured. One mole of any entity will contain this number of entities. Molar mass is the mass in grams of one mole of a substance and can be calculated from molecular or chemical formulas.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    90 views3 pages

    1 2 The Mole and Molar Mass

    Uploaded by

    api-327781490
    The document defines key chemistry concepts including the mole, Avogadro's number, molar mass, and how they are related. Specifically, it states that a mole is an amount of a substance containing 6.022 x 1023 elementary entities, Avogadro's number, which has been carefully measured. One mole of any entity will contain this number of entities. Molar mass is the mass in grams of one mole of a substance and can be calculated from molecular or chemical formulas.

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    The Mole & Molar Mass

    The mole is the standard method in chemistry for communicating how much of a
    substance is present.
    Here is how the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines
    "mole:"
    The mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary
    entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon-12. When the mole is used, the
    elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons,
    other particles, or specified groups of such particles.
    This is the fundamental definition of what one mole is. One mole contains as many
    entities as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12 (or 0.012 kilogram).
    In one mole, there are 6.022 x 1023 atoms. Here's another way: there are 6.022 x
    1023 atoms of carbon in 12 grams of carbon-12.

    Let's say that real clearly: one mole of ANYTHING contains 6.022 x 10 23 entities.

    The word "entities" is simply a generic word. For example, if we were discussing
    atoms, then we would use "atoms" and if molecules were the subject of discussion, the
    word entities would be replaced in actual use by "molecules."
    Avogadro's Number has been very carefully measured in a number of ways over many
    decades. The symbol for mole is "mol." Why does a four-letter word have a threeletter symbol? That's really the wrong question.
    Here it is again: one mole of ANY specified entity contains 6.022 x 10 23 of that entity.
    For example:
    One mole of donuts contains 6.022 x 1023 donuts
    One mole of H2O contains 6.022 x 1023 molecules

    One mole of nails contains 6.022 x 1023 nails


    One mole of Fe contains 6.022 x 1023 atoms
    One mole of dogs contains 6.022 x 1023 dogs
    One mole of electrons contains 6.022 x 1023 electrons
    One mole of IB Chemistry students contains 6.022 x 10 23 poor, suffering (I
    mean happy, joyful) high school students
    Get the idea?
    6.022 x 1023 is so important in chemistry that it has a name. It is called Avogadro's
    Number and has the symbol N. It is so named in honor of Amedeo Avogadro, an
    Italian chemist, who, in 1811, made a critical contribution (recognized only in 1860
    after his death) which helped greatly with the measurement of atomic weights.

    Avogadro's Number has a unit associated with it. It is mol 1, as in 6.022 x 1023 mol1.
    The superscripted minus one means the unit mol is in the denominator. There is an
    understood numerator of one, as in 1/mol.
    Why is there no unit in the numerator? There could be, but it would vary based on the
    entity involved. If we were discussing an element, we might write atoms/mol. If we
    were discussing a compound, we would say "molecules per mol." What is in the
    numerator depends on what "entity" (atom, molecule, ion, electron, etc.) is being used
    in the problem.
    Consequently, units names in the numerator are not used and a one is used instead.

    Getting back to Avogadro's Number role in chemistry; please note that counting atoms
    or molecules is very difficult since they are so small. However, we can "count" atoms
    or molecules by weighing large amounts of them on a balance.
    When we weigh one mole of a substance on a balance, this is called a "molar mass"
    and has the units g/mol (grams per mole). This idea is very critical because it is used
    all the time.

    A molar mass is the weight in grams of one mole.


    One mole contains 6.022 x 1023 entities.
    Therefore, a molar mass is the mass in grams of 6.022 x 10 23 entities.
    OK. How does one calculate a molar mass? Get ready, because you already know how
    to calculate a molar mass.
    The molar mass of a substance is the molecular weight in grams.
    All you need to do is calculate the molecular weight and stick the unit "g/mol" after
    the number and that is the molar mass for the substance in question.

    Calculate the molar mass of Al(NO3)3


    (1 x 26.98) + (3 x 14.007) + (9 x 16.00) = 213.00 g/mol
    213.00 grams is the mass of one mole of aluminum nitrate.
    213.00 grams of aluminum nitrate contains 6.022 x 10 23 entities of Al(NO3)3

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