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    Circle

    Uploaded by

    Joel Hinay
    The document defines and provides equations for circles, parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. It discusses their formal definitions as loci of points and how they can be obtained by slicing cones in different ways. Equations are given for the general forms of each conic section as well as specific cases where the axes are horizontal or vertical and the center is shifted.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Circle

    Uploaded by

    Joel Hinay
    105 views9 pages
    The document defines and provides equations for circles, parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. It discusses their formal definitions as loci of points and how they can be obtained by slicing cones in different ways. Equations are given for the general forms of each conic section as well as specific cases where the axes are horizontal or vertical and the center is shifted.

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    Circle.docx

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    The document defines and provides equations for circles, parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. It discusses their formal definitions as loci of points and how they can be obtained by slicing cones in different ways. Equations are given for the general forms of each conic section as well as specific cases where the axes are horizontal or vertical and the center is shifted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    105 views9 pages

    Circle

    Uploaded by

    Joel Hinay
    The document defines and provides equations for circles, parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. It discusses their formal definitions as loci of points and how they can be obtained by slicing cones in different ways. Equations are given for the general forms of each conic section as well as specific cases where the axes are horizontal or vertical and the center is shifted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Circle

    The circle with centre (0, 0) and radius r has the


    equation:

    x 2 + y 2 = r2

    The circle with centre (h, k) and radius r has the


    equation:

    (x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2

    General Form of the


    Circle

    An equation which can be written in the following


    form (with constants D, E, F) represents a circle:

    x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
    Formal Definition

    A circle is the locus of points that are equidistant


    from a fixed point (the center).

    Conic Section

    If we slice one of the cones with a plane at right


    angles to the axis of the cone, the shape formed is
    a circle.

    For background and examples, see Circle.

    Parabola
    Parabola with Vertical Axis
    A parabola with focal distance p has equation:

    x2 = 4py
    In more familiar form, with "y = " on the left, we can
    write this as:

    \
    displaystyle{y}=\frac{{x}^{2
    }}{{{4}{p}}}y=4px2

    If the axis of a parabola is vertical, and the vertex is


    at (h, k), we have

    (x h)2 = 4p(y k)

    Parabola with Horizontal Axis


    In this case, we have the relation:

    y2 = 4px

    If the axis of a parabola is horizontal, and the vertex is


    at (h, k), the equation becomes

    (y k)2 = 4p(x h)

    Formal Definition

    A parabola is the locus of points that are equidistant


    from a point (the focus) and a line (the directrix).

    Conic Section

    If we slice a cone parallel to the slant edge of the


    cone, the resulting shape is a parabola, as shown.

    For background and examples, see Parabola.

    Ellipse
    Horizontal
    Major Axis

    The equation for an ellipse with a horizontal major axis and


    center (0,0) is given by:

    \displaystyle\frac{{x}^{2}}
    {{a}^{2}}+\frac{{y}^{2}}
    {{b}^{2}}={1}a2x2+b2y2=1
    The foci (plural of 'focus') of the ellipse (with horizontal
    major axis) are at \displaystyle{\left(-{c},
    {0}\right)}(c,0) and\displaystyle{\left({c},
    {0}\right)}(c,0), where c is given by:

    \displaystyle{c}=\sqrt{{{a}^{2}{b}^{2}}}c=a2b2
    The vertices of an ellipse are at \displaystyle{\left({a},{0}\right)}(a,0) and \displaystyle{\left({

    a},{0}\right)}(a,0).
    A parabola with horizontal major axis and with center at
    (h, k) is given by:

    \displaystyle\frac{{{\left({x}{h}\right)}^{2}}}{{a}^{2}}
    +\frac{{{\left({y}{k}\right)}^{2}}}
    {{b}^{2}}={1}a2(xh)2+b2(yk)
    2=1
    Vertical Major If the major axis is vertical, then the formula becomes:
    Axis

    \
    displaystyle\frac{{x}^{2
    }}{{b}^{2}}
    +\frac{{y}^{2}}
    {{a}^{2}}={1}b2x2+a2
    y2=1
    We always choose our a and b such that a > b.

    Formal
    Definition

    An ellipse is the locus of points whereby the sum of the


    distances from 2 fixed points (the foci) is constant..

    Conic Section When we slice one of the cones at an angle to the sides of
    the cone, we get anellipse, as seen in the view from the top
    (at right).

    For background and examples, see Ellipse.

    Hyperbola
    North-south
    Opening

    For a north-south opening hyperbola:

    \displaystyle\frac{{y}^{2}}
    {{a}^{2}}-\frac{{x}^{2}}
    {{b}^{2}}={1}a2y2b2x2=1
    The slopes of the asymptotes are given by:

    \displaystyle\pm\frac{a}{{b}}ba

    For a "north-south" opening hyperbola with centre (h, k), we


    have:

    \displaystyle\frac{{{\left({y}{k}\right)}^{2}}}
    {{a}^{2}}-\frac{{{\left({x}{h}\right)}^{2}}}
    {{b}^{2}}={1}a2(yk)2b2(xh)
    2=1

    East-west
    Opening

    For an east-west opening hyperbola:

    \displaystyle\frac{{x}^{2}}
    {{a}^{2}}-\frac{{y}^{2}}
    {{b}^{2}}={1}a2x2b2y2=1
    The slopes of the asymptotes are given by:

    \displaystyle\pm\frac{b}{{a}}ab

    For an "east-west" opening hyperbola with centre (h, k), we


    have:

    \displaystyle\frac{{{\left({x}{h}\right)}^{2}}}
    {{a}^{2}}-\frac{{{\left({y}{k}\right)}^{2}}}
    {{b}^{2}}={1}a2(xh)2b2(yk)
    2=1
    Formal
    Definition
    General Form
    of a
    Hyperbola

    A hyperbola is the locus of points where the difference in the


    distance to two fixed foci is constant.

    \displaystyle{A}{x}^{2}+{B}{x}
    {y}+{C}{y}^{2}+{D}{x}+{E}
    {y}+{F}={0}Ax2+Bxy+Cy2
    +Dx+Ey+F=0
    (such that \displaystyle{B}^{2}>{4}{A}{C}B2
    >4AC)

    Conic Section When we slice our double cone such that the plane passes
    througn both cones, we get a hyperbola, as shown.

    http://www.intmath.com/plane-analytic-geometry/conic-sections-summary.php

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