Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche 15 October 1844 25 August 1900) was a Prussian philosopher,

cultural critic, poet, philologist, Latin, and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound
influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history. He began his career as a
classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest ever to hold the Chair
of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869, at the age of 24. Nietzsche resigned in
1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life, and he completed much of his
core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and a complete
loss of his mental faculties. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother (until her
death in 1897), and then with his sister Elisabeth Frster-Nietzsche, and died in 1900.
Nietzsche's body of writing spanned philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism, and
fiction, and drew widely on art, philology, history, religion, and science. His writing displayed a
fondness for aphorism and irony,[12] while engaging with a wide range of subjects including
morality, aesthetics, tragedy, epistemology, atheism, and consciousness. Some prominent
elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of reason and truth in favor of
perspectivism; his notion of the Apollonian and Dionysian; his genealogical critique of religion
and Christian ethics, and his related theory of masterslave morality;[5][13] his aesthetic
affirmation of existence in response to the "death of God" and the profound crisis of nihilism;[5]
and his characterization of the human subject as the expression of competing wills, collectively
understood as the will to power. In his later work, he developed influential concepts such as the
bermensch and the doctrine of eternal return, and became increasingly preoccupied with the
creative powers of the individual to overcome social, cultural, and moral contexts in pursuit of
aesthetic health.
After his death, Elisabeth Frster-Nietzsche became the curator and editor of her brother's
manuscripts, reworking Nietzsche's unpublished writings to fit her own German nationalist
ideology while often contradicting or obfuscating his stated opinions, which were explicitly
opposed to antisemitism and nationalism. Through her published editions, Nietzsche's work
became associated with fascism and Nazism;[15] 20th-century scholars contested this
interpretation of his work and corrected editions of his writings were soon made available. His

thought enjoyed renewed popularity in the 1960s, and his ideas have since had a profound impact
on 20th and early-21st century thinkers across philosophyespecially in schools of continental
philosophy such as existentialism, postmodernism, and post-structuralismas well as art,
literature, psychology, politics, and popular culture.

Martin Heidegger ; 26 September 1889 26 May 1976) was a German philosopher and a
seminal thinker in the Continental tradition and philosophical hermeneutics. According to the
IEP, he is "widely acknowledged to be one of the most original and important philosophers of
the 20th century."[5] Heidegger is best known for his contributions to Phenomenology and
Existentialism, though as the SEP cautions, "his thinking should be identified as part of such
philosophical movements only with extreme care and qualification."[12]
His first and best known book, Being and Time (1927), though unfinished, is one of the central
philosophical works of the 20th century.[13] In the first division of the work, Heidegger attempted
to turn away from "ontic" questions about beings to ontological questions about Being, and
recover the most fundamental philosophical question: the question of Being, of what it means for
something to be. Heidegger approached the question through an inquiry into the being that has an
understanding of Being, and asks the question about it, namely, Human being, which he called
Dasein ("being-there"). Heidegger argued that Dasein is defined by Care, its practically engaged
and concernful mode of Being-in-the-world, in opposition to Rationalist thinkers like Ren
Descartes who located the essence of man in our thinking abilities. For Heidegger thinking is
thinking about things originally discovered in our everyday practical engagements. The
consequence of this is that our capacity to think cannot be the most central quality of our being
because thinking is a reflecting upon this more original way of discovering the world. In the
second division, Heidegger argues that human being is even more fundamentally structured by
its Temporality, or its concern with, and relationship to time, existing as a structurally open
"possibility-for-being." He emphasized the importance of Authenticity in human existence,
involving a truthful relationship to our thrownness into a world which we are "always already"
concerned with, and to our Being-towards-death, the Finitude of the time and being we are given,
and the closing down of our various possibilities for being through time.[14]

Heidegger also made critical contributions to philosophical conceptions of truth, arguing that its
original meaning was unconcealment, to philosophical analyses of art as a site of the revelation
of truth, and to philosophical understanding of language as the "house of being."[15] Heidegger's
later work includes criticisms of technology's instrumentalist understanding in the Western
tradition as "enframing," treating all of Nature as a "standing reserve" on call for human
purposes.[14][16] Heidegger is a controversial figure, largely for his affiliation with Nazism, as
Rector of the University of Freiburg for 11 months prior to his resignation in April 1934, for
which he neither apologized nor publicly expressed regret,[17] although in private he called it "the
biggest stupidity of his life" (die grte Dummheit seines Lebens).[18]

Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (/hsrl/;[12] German: [hsl]; 8 April 1859 27 April 1938)
[13]
was a German[14][15] philosopher who established the school of phenomenology. In his early
work, he elaborated critiques of historicism and of psychologism in logic based on analyses of
intentionality. In his mature work, he sought to develop a systematic foundational science based
on the so-called phenomenological reduction. Arguing that transcendental consciousness sets the
limits of all possible knowledge, Husserl re-defined phenomenology as a transcendental-idealist
philosophy. Husserl's thought profoundly influenced the landscape of twentieth-century
philosophy, and he remains a notable figure in contemporary philosophy and beyond.
Husserl studied mathematics under Karl Weierstrass and Leo Knigsberger, and philosophy
under Franz Brentano and Carl Stumpf. He taught philosophy as a Privatdozent at Halle from
1887, then as professor, first at Gttingen from 1901, then at Freiburg from 1916 until he retired
in 1928, after which he remained highly productive. Following an illness, he died at Freiburg in
1938.
Husserl was born in 1859 in Prostjov (German: Prossnitz), a town in the Margraviate of
Moravia, which was then in the Austrian Empire, and now belongs to the Czech Republic. He
was born into a Jewish family, the second of four children (boy, boy, girl, boy). His father was a

milliner. His childhood was spent in Prostjov, where he attended the elementary school. Then
Husserl traveled to Vienna to study at the Realgymnasium there, followed next by the
Staatsgymnasium in Olomouc (Ger.: Olmtz).[16][17]
At the University of Leipzig from 1876 to 1878, Husserl studied mathematics, physics, and
astronomy. At Leipzig he was inspired by philosophy lectures given by Wilhelm Wundt, one of
the founders of modern psychology. Then he moved to the Frederick William University of
Berlin (the present-day Humboldt University of Berlin) in 1878 where he continued his study of
mathematics under Leopold Kronecker and the renowned Karl Weierstrass. In Berlin he found a
mentor in Thomas Masaryk, then a former philosophy student of Franz Brentano and later the
first president of Czechoslovakia. There Husserl also attended Friedrich Paulsen's philosophy
lectures. In 1881 he left for the University of Vienna to complete his mathematics studies under
the supervision of Leo Knigsberger (a former student of Weierstrass).

List of
existentialist
Philosophers
Submitted to;
Mr. Ronnel Diaz

Submitted by;
Ms. Raquel R.
Quilicot