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IS 1875 (1992): Carbon steel billets, blooms, slabs and

bars for forgings [MTD 16: Alloy Steels and Forgings]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

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Indian Standard

CARBON STEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS, SLABS AND

BARS FOR FORGINGS - SPECIFICATION
( Fifth Revision)
Second Reprint AUGUST 2000

UDC 66914 - 412

C> BIS 1992

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK

January 1992

BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR

NEW DELHI 110002

MARO
Price GrOll' 3

Steel Forgings Sectional Commiuee, MTD 18

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Fifth Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after
the draft finalized by the Steel Forgings Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineeriag Division Council.
This standard was first issued in 1961 and subsequently revised in 1966. 1970, 1971 and 1978.
Based on the experience gained during these years in the use of thi-s standard, it hal been decided
to further revise this standard.
Class 1 Steel is again incorporated in this revision based on the need of users. For the benefit of
the purchaser, an informative annex ( see Annex A ) has been included giving particulars to be
specified while ordering for these steels.
This standard contains clauses 5.4(e), 5.4.1) 5.4.1, 11.1 and Note in Table 2 which call for
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier; clauses 5.1, 6.2 and 10.1 which permit the purchaser to use his option; and clause 12 gives supplementary requirements.
For 1he purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with,
the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded
off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)'. The
number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the
sp ecified value in this standard.

AMENDMENT NO.1 JANUARY 1993

TO
IS 1875: 1992 CARBON STEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS,
SLABS AND BARS FOR FORGINGS SPECIFICATION
( Fifth Revision)
(Page 2, Table 1, col 6, against class lA) - Subsutute 0.04' for lO.03'.

(MID 18)
Reproa:raphy Unit. HIS. New Delhi, India

AMENDMENT NO. 2 NOVEMBER 1994

TO
IS 1875: 1992 CARBON S'fEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS,
SLABS AND BARS FOR FORGINGS -SPECIFICATION
(Fifth Revision)
( Page 1, clause %.1 ) - Substitute 'IS 1387 : 1993 General requirements
for the supply of metallurgical materials (second revision)' for 'IS 1387 : 1967
General requirements for the supply of metallurgical materials (first revision)'.

( Page 2, clause 6.%.1, under the heading 'Permissible Variation, Percent,

Max' ) - Substitute 'mm' for '81m2, .
(MID 18)
RcproaraplaY UDic, BIS, New Delhi. India

IS 1875 : 1992

Indian Standard

CARBON STEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS, SLABS AND

BARS FOR FORGINGS - SPECIFICATION
( Fifth Revision)
1 SCOPE

3 TERMINOLOGY

1.1 This standard covers the requirements for

nine classes of carbon steel billets, blooms, slabs
and bars for forgings designated as class 1, l A,
2, 2A, 3, 3A, 4, 5 and 6 ( see Table I r,

3.1 For the purpose of t hi s standard. the definitions given in IS 1956 ( P,Ht 6 ) shal) i pp ly.

2 REFERENCES
2.1 The following Indian Standards are necessary adjuncts to this standard.
IS No.;
Title

4 SUPPLY OF MATERIAL

4.1 General requirements relating to the supply

of
material
shall
be
as laid down in
IS 1387 :1967.

4.2 The steels covered by t his standard shall be

Methods for chemical analy- ordered and delivered on the Iollo wmg bas is:
sis
of steels (revised)
a) Chemical composition: and
1387 : ]967
General requirements for
the supply of metallurgical
b) Tensile properties and/or hardness.
materials (first revision )
1500 : 1983
Method for brinell hardness 5 MANUFACTURE
test for metallic materials
5.1 Billets. blooms, slabs and bars for forgins
( second revision)
Method
for
bend test shall be manufactured from killed steel made by
1599 : 1985
open-hearth, electric, basic oxygen, combina( second revision)
Method for tensile testing tion of these processes, or any other SUItable
1608 : 1972
of steel
products (first method which will meet the requirements of the
standard. The stock may be manufactured by
revision)
hot rolling or forging.
Code for designation of
1762
( Part 1 ) : 1974 steels: Part 1 Based on letter 5.2 Sufficient discard shall be made from each
symbols (first revision )
ingot to secure freedom from piplI1g and undue
Rolling and cutting tole- segregation.
1852 : 1985
ranees for hot rolled steel
S.3 The material shall be made from ingot havproducts ( (fourth revision)
ing at least four times the cro ... s-scctional area of
Glossary of terms relating
1956
the products.
( Part 6 ) : 1976 to i ron and stcel : Part 6
Forging (including drop 5.3.1 For blooms 300 X 300 rnrn and larger
forgmg )
size or its equivalent cross sectional area,
3739 : 1987
Dimensional tolerances for though not meeting the r e qurr cmen t 0'- 5.3,
carbon and alloy construe- may aha be supplied with p ri or pc r nu ssron
tional steel (first revision)
from the purchaser. In ca se L1f reduct ion by
4075 : 1985
Method
for macrostreak forging process prior perrnissron f~om the user
flaw test for steel <first is not necessary if the reduction IS more than
2'5 : l.
revision )
4748 : 1988
Method for estimating ave- 5.4 The condi tioninz method should be so
rage grainsize of metals chosen that it shan not have any injurious
(first revision )
effects in the billet. bloom and bar. Material
Technical conditions for required for forging may' be conditioned to
9684 ; 1980
the supply of hot rolled remove injurious surface defcct s pvovrded that
billets, blooms, slabs and the foltowmg limitations shall apply:
bars for closed die forgings
a) Conditioning shall be allowed only in the
Macroscopic method for
10138
longitudinal direction. Conditioning in
(Part3):1983 deterrn i na tion of non-rnetall ic
the transverse direction shall not be
inclusion content in wrought
allowed, except for surface inspect Ion
steel: Part 3 Magnetic partipurposes.
cle inspection method
b) The depth of conditioning shall not
Method for macroetch test
11371 : 1985
exceed 1 mm for every 15 mm of the
for wrought steel products

228

IS 1875 : 1992

e)
d)

e)

dimension concerned subject to a maximum depth of 20 mm.

The width of conditioning shall be at least
four times its greatest depth.
An exception is made in the case of slabs
whose width is at least twice the thickness.
The depth of conditioning in the case
of slabs shall not exceed 1 mm for every
10 mm of the dimensions concerned
subject to a maximum depth of 20 mrn.
While conditioning the material, the
dimensions of the product may go below
the minimum dimensions permitted ae
cording to the tolerances specified. When
reduced amount of dressing than what
is permitted by such clauses ( b ), ( c ) and
( d ) is required, the extent of dressing
shall he mutually agreed to between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
When required by the users for the
material to be used for closed die forging,
the drcssnc may be allowed to suchan
extent that'" its cross secti onal a rea as
defined by the dimensional tolerances does
not go below the minimum of the toleranee limit.
w

f)

5.4.1 In special cases, particularly where it is

necessary on large material and where cond~
tioning is not injurious, greater depth of conditioning may be permitted by special agreement
between the supplier and the purchaser,
~.4.2

In other cases, conditioning of material

for removing injurious defects shall be as agreed
to between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

either by the methods specified in the relevant

parts of IS 228 or any other established instrumental/chemical method, shall be as given in
Table 1. In case of any dispute, the procedure
given in relevant parts of ]S 228 shall be the
referee method.

6.2 Check ADalysis

The purchaser may specify check analysis on

blooms, billets, slabs and bars. The number of
samples on which the analysis has to be carried
out shall be at the rate of one sample per 100
products of same section subject to a minimum
of one sample per section.
6.2.1 The permissible deviation in check analysis
from the specified composition limits given in
Table 1 shall be as given below:

Constituent, Percent

Permissible Variation,
Percent, Max
r-----..A------,
For Sections

For Sections
250 mrn"
or less
Carbon:
Up to 0-25
Over 0'25 up to and
including O'50
Over 0'50
Silicon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulphur

0-02

0'03
0-04
0'03
0'04

+ 0'005

+ 0'005

250 mm> to
500 mmt

+ 0-04

0'05
0'06
0-04
0-07

+ 0'010
+ 0'010

6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
6.1 Ladle Analysis
The ladle analysis of steel, when carried out

6.3 The following elements wherever not specitied in Table I shall not be added to the steel,
except where agreed to, other than for the

Table 1 Chemical Co.pOSitIOD

(Clauses 1.1,6.1,6.2-1,6.3 and 12_1.1 )

Class

Co.,tiluent, Percent
Desilnation
[See IS 1762
~-----------------~-----------------~
( Part 1 ) : 1974 )
Carbon
Silicon
Man8anese
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Mox
Maxi
(2)

(3)

(4)

(S)

(6)

(7)

14C6

010-0-18
0'10-0-20

0'15-0'35
0-IS-0'35

0-04
003

0-04
0'04

0-IS-0'25

0'15-0-35

0-40-0-70
0'60-0-90
0'60-0-90

0'04

0'04

0'20-0-30
0-25-0'35
0-30-0-40
0'40-0-50
0-50-0-60
0-60-0'70

0'15-0'35

0'60-0'90
0-60-0'90
0'60-0'90

0-04
0-04

0-04
0'04

0'04

0-04

0-60-0-90
0-60-0-90
0"0-0'80

0'04
0'04
0-04

0'04
0'04
0'04

(I)

1
lA

2
2A
3
3A
4
S
6

lSC8
20C8
2SC8
30C8
35C8
4SC8
5SC8

65C6

0'15-0-35
0-15-0-35
0'15-0'35
0'15-0'35
0-15-0'35

NOTES
1 When the steel is aluminium killed or killed ~ "'ith both allminilm and silicon, tbe requirements of
minimum silicon content shall not apply. For aluminium killed steel the total aluminium content .hall
be within 0'02 to O'OS percent,
:1 Sulphur to tbe order 0(0-0' to 0'12
and the purchaser.

percent may be sur plied I:y mutual agrrur.rnt belwecn the supplier

IS 1875 : 1992
purpose of finishing the heat and shall not
exceed the following limits:
Constituent
Percent
Nickel
0'30
Chromium
0'30
Copper
0'25
Molybdenum
0'05
Vanadium
0'05
Boron
0'000 3
Tin
0'05
NOTES
Trace elements ( Cr

Ni

+ Mo) when added

together shall not exceed O' SO percent.

:1 Percent copper + lOx ( Percent tin) shall not
exceed O' SO percent.

7 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS

7.1 Billets, blooms, slabs and bars shall be

reasonably free from any external or internal
cracks, flakes, laps, rough, jagged and imperfect
edges and other injurious surface imperfections.
Unless specified in the order, the suitable
method of parting may be used by the manufacturer and after parting the material shall be
sufficiently straight.
8 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES
8.1 Rolled steel bars for general engineering
forgings shall be true to the prescribed dimensions within the tolerances specified in
IS 1852 : 1985.

8.1 Tolerances for rolled billets (square and

R.C.S. ) blooms and slabs for general engineering forgings shall be as given below:
Cross-Sectional
Permissible
Dimensions
Variation
mm
mm
1'5
Less than 100
100 to 150
+ 4'5
- 2'0
Over I SO
+ 6'0
- 3'0
8.2.1 For forged blooms, billets and slabs, the
tolerances shall be in
accordance with
]S 9684 : 1980.
8.3 For special requirements, the dimensional
tolerances shall be ID accordance with Grade I
of IS 3739 : I!l87.
9 MECHANICAL TEST
9.1 Tensile Test
The tensile tests shall be carried out in accordance with IS 1608 : 1972. The test pieces shall
be machined lengthwise from each test sample
selected as prescribed in 10. The tensile properties shall conform to the requirements given
in Table 2. The properties given in Table 2 are
applicable to test piece taken on rounds in the
direction of the fibre, the axis of which corresponds to Fig. 1. For rectangular sections
the ranges for equivalent section shall be as
given in Fig. 2.

CIRCULAR SECliON

>10~25

> 28
RECTANGULAR SECTIONS

All dimensions In millimetres.

FlO. 1 LOCATION OF THB TBNSILB TSST PIBCBS IN THB
PaODUCTS TO BB DELlVBUD

IS 1875 : 1992

'/

100

RANGE OF USE FOR

DIAMETERS D

80

'" 60

.....
'"
z

~40

i:
.....

20

oV

/
'-....

1/ '~
............

,.-.-... ~

100<0 ~ 160

r---~

L.O<OS100

--....-.
l&<O~L.O

'-

-----

D~16

20

40

60

80

100

120
140
WIDTH IN mm

1&0

180

200

Flo. 2

220

ApPLICABILITY OF THE V ALUBS, GIVBN IN TABLB

FOR ROUND SECTION, TO RECTANGULAR SECTION

240

260

Table % Tensile Properties and Hardness

( Clause 9.1 )
CI

(1)

1
JA
2
2A
3
3A
4
5
6

Tensile
Streolth
Min
(MPa)
(2)
370
410
430
460
490
540
620
710
740

Yield
Streogtb
Min
(MPa)

Elongation
( GL = S65V s~-5:
Min, Percent

Hardness
Min

NormalizJng
Temperature

(Ie)

(H8)

( For Information ooly )

(3)

(4)

(5)

200

26
2S
24
22
21
20
15
13
10

100
110
120
130
140
155
175
200
210

220
230
250
270
280
320
350
370

(6)

880-910
880-910
880-910
880-910
860-890
850-880
830-860
810-840
800-830

NOTf:. - The properties given in the table refer to ruling section up to 100 mrn in the as rolled or as forged
and normalized condition and are applicable to test samples taken along the direction of grain flow.
For higher section as well as for the supply in hardened and tempered condition, the properties shall be as
agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

than one diameter or thickness of bar is rolled

from the same cast, one additional test sample
shall be selected from each diameter or thickness of bar if desired by the purchaser.

9.2 Hardness Test

The hardness test shall be carried out in accordance with IS 1500 : 1983.
10 SAMPLING

11 REETST

10.1 Sampling for Chemical Analysis

11.1 Retest for Product Analysis

The ladle analysis shall be supplied by the

manufacturer.

If the results of the check analysis do not conform to the composition requirements given in
Table 1 and Steel grade with allowance of
variation in case of check analysis from the
specified limits, unless otherwise agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer, two
new samples shall be taken on different pieces
from the same cast. Should the two analysis
satisfy the requirements, the lot represented
shall be accepted, should either of the sample
fail, the material shall be taken as not complying with this standard.

10.% Sampling for Mechanical Tests

In the case of bars up to 100 mm size, the test
samples shall be selected from finished parts at
the rate of one sample from each lot, pro..
vided the quantity from one cast does not
exceed 25 metric tonnes. Where the quantity
from each cast exceeds 25 metric tonnes, one
more test sample shall be selected. When more

IS 1175

IP92

11.2 Ret... for Mec.aaleal Propertl

Should any of the test pieces first selected fail
to pass any of the tests specified in this
standard, two further samples shall be selected
for testing in respect of each failure. Should the
test pieces from both these additional samples
pass, the material represented by the test samples shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of that particular test. Should the test
pieces from either of these by the test samples
additional samples fail, the material represented
shall be considered as not having complied
with this standard, except that the manufacturer
may reheat-treat (not more than twice) the
material represented and resubmit it for testing.
12 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
12.1 The following supplementary requirements
shall apply only when specified by the purchaser
in the inquiry, contract and order. Details of
these supplementary requirements shall be as
agreed to between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.

t~---

(F1-tL

69
:
J

,-

38

'r-- ---..,

-"

I
I
I

I
I
I

I
I

I
I
I

1\

II

.,

/1

12.1.1 Chemical Composition

The purchaser may specify in special cases

more restricted range for one or more elements
in respect of carbon, SUlphur and phosphorus
than the compositional limits indicated in
Table I.
12.2 Bead Test
When bend test requirements for classes
I, l A, 2, 2A, 3, 3A and 4 are specified the same
shall be carried out in accordance with
IS 1599: 1985. Where the dimensions permit,
test pieces 2,30mm long and 32 mm square with
edges rounded off shall be machined lengthwise
from each test sample and bent cold by direct
pressure round a former of diameter appropriate
to the clsss of steel as shown in Fig. 3 until the
sides of the test piece are parallel.
12.2.1 Smaller sizes shall be bent in full section
by a former having a diameter proportional to
that specified for a 32 mm square test piece.
Each bend test shall comply with the requirements without fracture.
12.2.2 Subsequently, the ends of the test pieces
for classes I, lA, 2, 2A, 3 and 3A material shall
be brought together by direct pressure and the
test piece shall not fracture.
12.2.3 No bend
classes 5 and 6.

test shall be

required for

12.3 Grain Size

When agreed to between the supplier and the
purchaser, steel shall be supplied with the specified grain size in accordance with IS 4748 : 1988.

64 For Class 4
44 For Classes 3 and 3A
38 For Classes I, lA, 2 and 2A
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG.

BEND TEST

12.4 Macrostructure
The macrostructure of steel on the etched transverse sections, when examined in accordance
with IS 11371: 1985, shall be free from harmful
shrinkage porosity, blow holes, laminations,
cracks, non-metallic inclusions, cavities, flux,
dendrits, etc. However, the acceptance norms
shall be as agreed to between the supplier and
the purchaser.
NOTE - The steel rolled from continuously cast
route shall also be examined by following the
met bods of preparation of sample in accordance
with IS 11371: 1985 and the norms of acceptance
shall be mutually agreed to between the supplier
and t he purchaser.

12.5 Ultrasonic Test

Ultrasonic examination and the level of acceptance shall be mutually agreed to between the
manufacturer and the user.
12.6 Maguetic Particle Test
Magnetic particle test shall be carrie~ out !n
accordance with the method specified In
IS 10138 (Part III ) : 1983 and level of acceptance shall be mutually agreed to between the
supplier and the purchaser.
12.7 Blue Fracture Teat
The test shall be conducted in accordance with
IS 4075 : 1985 and the level of acceptance shall

IS 1175 : 1992
be mutually agreed to between the manufacturer
and the user.

be legibly stamped with the cast number

and, when specified, the class designation;
and

13 MARKING
13.1 Unless agreed otherwise, the material shall
be identified as follows:
a) Each billet, bloom, slab and bar over SO
mm in diameter or width across flats shall

b) Bars up to and including SO mm diameter

or width across flats shall be bundled together and a tag attached bearing the
cast number, and when specified, the
class designation.

ANNEX A
(Foreword)
INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN BY THE PURCHASER
d) Tests required;

A-I While placing an order for the steels

covered by this standard, the purchaser should
specify clearly the following:
a) Class designation;
b) Description regarding size, length, etc;
c) Condition of delivery;

e) Method of manufacture;
f) Any special requirements, such

ling and packing; and

g) Supplementary tests, if required.

as bund-

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright
SIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permission in writing of HIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
Implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications). SIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments arc issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments, Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
'BIS Catalogue' and 'Standards: Monthly Additions'.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc: No. MTD 18 ( 3636 )

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No.

Date of Issue

Text Affected

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