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Lab - Sheet - Column Buckling PDF

This document provides instructions for conducting a column buckling test to study the effect of support conditions on a column's load-carrying capacity. Students will test steel column specimens with varying end conditions - pinned at both ends, fixed at both ends, and pinned at one end and fixed at the other. They will record the buckling load and deflection measurements, then plot the load-deflection graphs to determine the experimental buckling loads. Students must also calculate the theoretical buckling loads using Euler's equation and compare to experimental results. The report will discuss how end conditions affect buckling load and identify sources of error in the experiment.

Uploaded by

Syed Fahad Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
277 views

Lab - Sheet - Column Buckling PDF

This document provides instructions for conducting a column buckling test to study the effect of support conditions on a column's load-carrying capacity. Students will test steel column specimens with varying end conditions - pinned at both ends, fixed at both ends, and pinned at one end and fixed at the other. They will record the buckling load and deflection measurements, then plot the load-deflection graphs to determine the experimental buckling loads. Students must also calculate the theoretical buckling loads using Euler's equation and compare to experimental results. The report will discuss how end conditions affect buckling load and identify sources of error in the experiment.

Uploaded by

Syed Fahad Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Tsing Yi)

Department of Construction
Strength of Materials Laboratory
Laboratory Test Instruction Sheets

Column Buckling Test

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Course:
Higher Diploma in Civil Engineering

Unit:
Structural Analysis I

Experiment: Column Buckling Test

Expected Duration:

1.25 Hours

Objective:
1.

To study the effect of support conditions on the load carrying capacity of a slender
column.

2.

To compare the experimental buckling loads Pcr of test specimens with those
predicted by the Euler equation.

Apparatus:
SM105 strut apparatus, mild steel specimen (20 x 3 x 600 mm approx.)
Theory
Buckling load for a slender column with:
(1)

Pinned at both Ends


Buckling load, Pcr =

(2)

2 EI
L2

Fixed at both Ends


4 2 EI
Buckling load, Pcr =
L2

(3)

Pinned at one End and Fixed at the other End


2 2 EI
Buckling load, Pcr =
L2
where E is the Modulus of Elasticity
I is the minimum moment of inertia of the column section.
L is the height of the column.

Given that the modulus of elasticity E of specimen is 200 x 103 N/mm2.

Pg. 1

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Tsing Yi)


Department of Construction
Strength of Materials Laboratory
Laboratory Test Instruction Sheets

Column Buckling Test

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Experimental Procedures
(Determination of buckling loads for various end conditions)

(A)

Pinned Supports at Both Ends

1.

Select the required slender column sample and adjust the rear specimen beam to the
correct position and insert the dowel pins.

2.

Measure the length by ruler and cross-section of the specimen by venier caliper.
Record the measured dimensions in table 1.

3.

Insert the specimen with its ends in the Vee shape specimen holders to simulate
pinned end conditions. It may be necessary to unscrew the loading knob to reduce
the load to zero after the specimen is inserted.

4.

Adjust the position of the central cross member so that the dial gauge foot (ball end)
rests on the centre-line of the specimen at mid-span.

5.

By using the load cell, apply a load P to the specimen and ensure that the
deflection is away from the dial gauge. If the deflection is towards the dial
gauge, remove the load, turn the specimen over and reload.

6.

Apply load P by increments, tapping the dial gauge stem very gently whilst
applying the load and record the load and dial gauge reading for each increment
of load in table 2.

(B)

Fixed Supports at Both Ends

1.

Repeat the above procedures for the fixed supports.

2.

Record the results in table 1 & 3 as appropriate.

(C)

Pinned Support at One End and Fixed Support at the Other End

1.

Repeat the above procedures for the support conditions as stipulated in (C )

2.

Recorde the results in table 1 & 4 as appropriate.

Pg. 2

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Tsing Yi)


Department of Construction
Strength of Materials Laboratory
Laboratory Test Instruction Sheets

Column Buckling Test

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Results:
1.
Test Data
Table 1 Dimensions of Specimens
Length L (mm)
Specimen 1
Specimen 2
Specimen 3

Table 2 Pinned Ends


20
40
60
Load P
(N)
Deflection
(div)

Table 3 Fixed Ends


50
100
Load P
(N)
Deflection
(div)
650 700
Load P
(N)
Deflection
(div)

Width W (mm)

Thickness t (mm)

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

750

800

850

900

950

270

300

330

360

Table 4 One End Pinned and the Other End Fixed


30
60
90
120 150 180 210 240
Load P
(N)
Deflection
(div)
390 420 450 480
Load P
(N)
Deflection
(div)

Pg. 3

Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Tsing Yi)


Department of Construction
Strength of Materials Laboratory
Laboratory Test Instruction Sheets

Column Buckling Test

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Graphical Presentation of Test Data


Plot a graph of applied load P (N) against the lateral deflection (in div.) of
a)
each specimen for the complete test.
Hint: P as y-axis and as x-axis.
Determine the buckling load Pcr from the graphs.
b)

Discussion of Results
1.
Calculate the theoretical bucking load Pcr of each specimen by using the Euler
equation given.
Compare the theoretical and experimental values of the buckling loads obtained.
2.
Discuss the effects of end conditions on the buckling load.
3.
Discuss the errors involved in this experiment and make suggestions for
4.
improvement.
Laboratory Report
1.
Each student shall submit his / her laboratory report which includes the following
items:
Name of Test
(a)
Objectives of Test
(b)
Test Data
(c)
Test Data presented in Graphical Form.
(d)
Buckling load Pcr of each specimen obtained from experiment.
(e)
Theoretical buckling load Pcr of each speciment obtained by using Euler
(f)
formula.
Comparison of the theoretical and experimental buckling loads.
(g)
Discussion of the effects of end conditions on thebuckling load.
(h)
Discussion on the errors involved and suggestions for improvement.
(i)
2.
Hand in the report on / before _______________.

dial gauge

Schematic diagram for the set-up


Pg. 4

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