Radiographic Test Procedure For Ethanol Piping
Radiographic Test Procedure For Ethanol Piping
Approval Sheet
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragrap
Description Page
h
1. Purpose 2
2. Scope 2
3. Reference Documents 2
4. Definitions 2
6. Extent of Examination 4
7. Personnel Qualification 4
8. Apparatus 4
9. General 5
12. Techniques
11
13. Evaluation of Radiographs
16
14. Acceptance Criteria 18
16. Reporting
28
Exhibit 1 Technique and Exposure Requirements 29
2. SCOPE
2.1. This procedure shall be applied to perform
radiographic examination for casting and
welding up to 40 mm thickness.
2.2. Demonstration of the density and image quality
indicator (IQI) image requirements on
production or technique radiographs shall be
considered satisfactory evidence for this
procedure.
3.1. ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Section V, Article 2, 2015 Edition.
3.2. ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Section I, par. PW-51,2015 Edition.
3.3. ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Section VIII Div. 1 (UW-51 & UW-52) and Div. 2 - par. 7.5.3.2, 2015 Edition.
3.4. ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
Section IX, par. QW-191.1.2, 2015 Edition. 1. TUJUAN
3.5. ASME B31.1, Power Piping - par. 136.4.5., Prosedur ini menjelaskan persyaratan dan
2014 Edition. standard keberterimaan di dalam melakukan
pengujian radiografi.
3.6. PT. Robutech’s written practice no. WP- RBT-
01, Rev. 2.
2 RUANG LINGKUP
4. DEFINITIONS 2.1. Prosedur ini diaplikasikan dalam melakukan
4.1. Examination: testing of a material or component pengujian radiografi pada benda cor dan
in accordance to applicable standard, sambungan las hingga ketebalan 40 mm.
specification or procedure 2.2. Demonstrasi densitas dan citra IQI yang
muncul pada film radiografi yang ditembakkan
4.2. Discontinuity: lack of continuity or unintentional pada komponen produksi harus dianggap
interruption in the physical structure or sebagai bukti yang memenuhi persyaratan dari
configuration of a material or component prosedur ini.
4. DEFINISI-DEFINISI
4.1. Examination: pengujian pada sebuah material
atau komponen yang dilakukan dengan berda-
sarkan pada standard, spesifikasi, atau
prosedur.
4.2. Discontinuitas: ketidaksempurnaan atau gang-
guan struktur fisik atau konfigurasi dari sebuah
material atau komponen.
4.3. Cacat: satu atau lebih diskontinuitas yang
ukuran, bentuk, lokasi, atau sifatnya melebihi
ketentuan dan ditolak.
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4.4. Density (film): the quantitative measure of film source side of the test object measured along
blackening when light is transmitted or the central axis of the radiation beam.
reflected.
4.10. Elongated indication: an indication in which its
4.5. Geometric unsharpness: the penumbral length exceeds three times its width.
shadow in a radiological image which is
4.11. Rounded indication, an indication in which its
dependent upon: 1) radiation source
length is three times its width or less and may
dimensions, 2) source to object distance, and
be round or irregular and may have tail.
3) object to film distance.
4.12. Aligned indication: a sequence of four or more
4.6. Object-to-fiim distance: The distance between
rounded indications or groups of rounded
the test object and the film surface.
indication in a line parallel to weld axis.
4.7. Source size: The size of the source radiation.
4.13. Densitometer: a device for measuring the
4.8. Source-to-fiim distance (SFD): The optical density of radiograph film.
distance between the source of radiation and 4.4. Densitas (film): ukuran kuantitatip tingkat
the film measured in the direction of the beam. kegelapan film saat meneruskan atau
memantulkan cahaya.
4.9. Source-to-object distance (SOD): The distance
between the source of the radiation and the 4.5. Ketidaktajaman geometris: bayangan
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penumbra pada citra radiografi yang
tergantung pada: 1) ukuran sumber radiasi, 2)
jarak sumber ke obyek, dan 3) jarak obyek ke
film.
4.6. Jarak obyek ke film: jarak antara permukaan
obyek pada sisi radiasi dan permukaan film.
4.7. Ukuran sumber: ukuran dari sumber radiasi
yang dipakai.
4.8. Jarak sumber ke film (SFD): jarak antara
sumber radiasi dan film yang diukur pada arah
berkas radiasi.
6. CAKUPAN PENGUJIAN
6.1. Cakupan pengujian harus mengacu pada
gambar atau dokumen kontrak.
6.2. Semua sambungan las harus diperiksa visual
100% sebelum melakukan pengujian radiografi.
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10. WIRE IQI SELECTION AND PLACEMENT 10. PEMIUHAN DAN PELETAKAN WIRE IQI
10.1. Wire IQI selection 10.1. Pemilihan Wire IQI
a) Wire-type IQI shall be selected from the same a) Wire-type IQI harus memiliki grade atau
alloy material group or grade or from an alloy group material yang sama atau dari grade
material group or grade with less radiation atau group material yang memiliki
absorption than the material being penyerapan radiasi yang lebih rendah
radiographed. daripada material yang diradiografi.
b) When the weld metal is from an alloy group or b) Apabila logam las tersusun dari group paduan
grade that has a radiation attenuation that atau grade yang memiliki pelemahan radiasi
differs from the base material, the IQI material yang berbeda dengan logam induk, pemilihan
selection shall be based on the weld metal. material IQI harus didasarkan pada material
logam las.
c) IQI selection shall be based upon the nominal
single wall thickness plus the estimated weld c) Pemilihan IQI harus didasarkan pada
reinforcement not to exceed the maximum ketebalan material ditambah ketinggian
permitted by the referencing Code Section. reinforcement las yang besarnya tidak boleh
melebihi ketentuan Code Section yang
d) Backing plate shall not be considered as part
dipakai acuan.
of the thickness in IQI selection.
d) Backing plate tidak dianggap sebagai bagian
e) IQI selection shall be based on Table T- 276
ketebalan dalam pemilihan IQI.
of Article 2 ASME Sec. V.
e) Pemilihan IQI harus berdasarkan pada Tabel
f) Table 1 of SE-747, Article 22 ASME Sec. V
T-276 dari Art. 2 ASME Sec. V.
show wire IQI sizes and wire identity
numbers. f) Tabel 1 dari SE-747, Article 22, ASME Sec. V
memperlihatkan ukuran dan nomer identitas
wire IQI.
TABLE T-276
IQI SELECTION
IQI
Nominal Single-Wall Source Side Film Side
Material Thickness Range Hole-Type Wire-Type Hole-Type Wire-Type
in. mm Designation Essential Wire Designation Essential Wire
Up to 0.25, incl. Up to 6.4, Incl. 12 5 10 4
Over 0.25 through 0.375 Over 6.4 through 9.5 Over 15 6 12 5
Over 0.375 through 0.50 9.5 through 12 7 Over 12.7 17 7 15 6
Over 050 through 0.75 Over through 19.0 Over 19.0 20 8 17 7
0.75 through 1.00 Over 1.00 through 25.4 Over 25.4 25 9 20 8
through 1.50 Over 1.50 through 38.1 Over 38.1 30 10 25 9
through 2.00 Over 2.00 through 50.8 Over 50.8 35 30
11 10
through 2.50 Over 2.50 through 63.5 Over 63.5 40 35
12 11
through 4.00 Over 4.00 through 101.6 Over 101.6 50 13 40 12
through 6.00 Over 6.00 through 152.4 Over 152.4 60 14 50 13
through 8.00 Over 8.00 through 203.2 Over 203.2
80 16 60 14
through 10.00 Over 10.00 through 254.0 Over 254.0 17
100 80 16
through 12.00 Over 12.00 through 304.8 Over 304.8
120 18 100 17
through 16.00 Over 16.00 through 406.4 Over 406.4
160 20 120 18
through 20.00 through 508.0
200 21 160 20
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TABLE 1
WIRE IQl SIZES AND WIRE IDENTITY NUMBERS
SET A SET B
Wire Diameter. Wire Diameter,
in. (mm) Wire Identity in. (mm) Wire Identity
SETC SET D
Wire Diameter, Wire Diameter,
in. (mm) Wire Identity In. (mm) Wire Identity
10.2. Wire IQl placement length of the weld under inspection, and at
a) The IQl shall be placed on the source side of least 10 mm of the wire length is shown on
the object, if applicable. base metal.
2) Curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when
the SFD is less than the inside radius of the 2) Pelat lengkung atau berbentuk bola dengan
component; sisi cekung menghadap sumber dan dengan
SFD < jari-jari bagian dalam komponen;
3) Curved or spherical components whose 3) Pelat lengkung atau berbentuk bola dengan
convex side is toward the source. sisi cembung menghadap sumber radiasi.
Film
Exposure Arrangement — A
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12.2. Single Wall Exposure Single Viewing - 12.2. Single Wall Exposure Single Viewing - SWSV
SWSV (curved object) (permuka-an lengkung)
a) Minimum one IQI is placed at one end of the a) Minimum satu buah IQI diletakkan pada salah
weld being examined. satu ujung las-lasan yang diuji.
b) Minimum 4 (four) exposures at 0°, 90°, 180° b) Minimum diperlukan 4 (empat) kali eksposur
and 270° are required. pada jarak 0°, 90°, 180° dan 270°.
c) The minimum source to object (SOD) distance c) Besarnya SOD minimum harus dihitung
shall be calculated by using equation in par. menggunakan persamaan yang terdapat pada
13.2 (b). par. 13.2 (b).
d) IQI placement: source side is recommended; d) Penempatan IQI disarankan pada sisi sumber,
film side if source side is not applicable. tapi jika tidak memungkinkan dapat diletakkan
e) Location marker placement: film side for pada sisi film.
arrangement B, source side for arrangement e) Penempatan marker lokasi pada sisi film untuk
C. pengaturan B, dan pada sisi sumber untuk
f) See figure below. pengaturan C.
f) Lihat gambar di bawah.
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12.3. Double Wall Exposure Single Viewing - 12.3. Double Wall Exposure Single Viewing -
DWSV (Contact Technique) DWSV (Teknik Kontak)
a) For pipe with outside diameter OD > 88 mm. a) Untuk pipa dengan diameter luar OD > 88
b) Minimum 3 (three) exposures at 0°, 120° and mm.
240° are required. b) Minimum diperlukan 3 (tiga) kali eksposur
c) Minimum SFD is outside diameter. pada jarak 0°, 120° dan 240°.
d) IQI placement: source side is recommended; c) SFD minimum sebesar diameter luar pipa.
film side if source side is not applicable. d) Penempatan IQI disarankan pada sisi
e) Location marker placement: film side. sumber, tapi jika tidak memungkinkan dapat
f) See figure below. diletakkan pada sisi film.
e) Penempatan marker lokasi pada sisi film.
f) Lihat gambar di bawah.
Exposure arrangement — D
Optional
source
location
Exposure arrangement — E
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AND Double Viewing - 12.4. Double Wall Exposure Double Viewing 2015
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a) For pipe with outside diameter OD < 88 mm. a) Untuk pipa dengan diameter luar OD < 88 mm.
b) Minimum 2 (two) exposures at 0° and 90° are b) Minimum diperlukan 2 (dua) kali eksposur pada
required. jarak 0°dan 90°.
c) Distance between two welds images shall be c) Jarak antara kedua citra las-lasan minimum
minimum one weld width. selebar las.
d) Recommended source shifting distance from d) Jarak pergeseran sumber dari garis tengah las
weld center line = 1/5 SFD + 2 capping width yang disarankan = 1/5 SFD + 2 kali lebar
e) IQI placement: source side. capping las.
f) Location marker placement: either side. e) Penempatan IQI pada sisi sumber.
f) Penempatan marker lokasi pada salah satu
g) See figure below. sisi.
g) Lihat gambar di bawah.
Film
i >
( i
! < i
Exposure arrangement — F
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12.5. Double Wall Exposure Double Viewing - 12.5. Double Wall Exposure Double Viewing -
DWDV (Superimposed Technique) DWDV (Teknik Superimpos)
a) For pipe with outside diameter OD < 88 mm. a) Untuk pipa dengan diameter luar OD < 88
b) Minimum 3 (three) exposures at 0°, 60° and mm.
120° are required. b) Minimum diperlukan 3 (tiga) kali eksposur
c) IQI placement: source side. pada jarak 0°, 60° dan 120°.
d) Location marker placement: either side. c) Penempatan IQI pada sisi sumber.
d) Penempatan marker lokasi pada salah satu
e) See figure below. sisi.
e) Lihat gambar di bawah ini.
Exposure arrangement — G
Film
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13. EVALUATION OF RADIOGRAPHS 13. EVALUASI FILM RADIOGRAFI
13.1. Quality of radiographs 13.1. Kualitas film radiografi
Finished radiographs shall be free from Semua film hasil radiografi harus bersih dari
mechanical, chemical or other blemishes that segala macam kerusakan mekanis dan noda
could mask and confused with the image of kimia yang dapat menutupi dan membi-
discontinuity in the area of interest. Such ngungkan dengan citra diskontinuitas di dalam
blemishes include, but are not limited to: daerah interest. Noda-noda tersebut meliputi,
• Fogging tapi tidak terbatas pada:
• Processing defects such as streaks, water • Fogging
mark, or chemical stains. • Cacat pemrosesan seperti streaks, water
• Scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, marks, atau noda kimia.
static marks, smudges or tears.
• Goresan, bekas jari tangan, lipatan,
• False indications due to defective screens. kotoran, bekas statis, corengan atau
13.2. Geometric unsharpness (Ug) sobekan.
a) Ug shall not exceed the limitation given in • Indikasi-indikasi palsu akibat screen yang
Table T-274.2, ASME Sec. V below: rusak.
13.2. Ketidaktajaman geometris (Ug)
Material a) Ug tidak boleh melebihi batasan yang
Thickness, in. (mm) tercantum pada Tabel T-274.2, ASME Sec. V
Under 2 (50)
di bawah ini:
2 through 3 (50-75)
V*
Over 3 through 4 (75-100)
Maximum, in. (mm)
Greater than 4 (100)
0.020(0.5!)
0.030 (0.76)
0.040 (1.02)
0.070 (1.78)
b) Ug shall be calculated using the following b) Ug harus dihitung menggunakan rumus berikut:
formula:
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Ug = u9 =
SO r SFD-t
D
Where: Dimana:
F = source size, F = ukuran sumber.
t = weld thickness t = tebal las-lasan
(Lir Lasemetal ^reinforcement “k Lacking (if any)) (Lv Lasemetal “k ^reinforcement + Lacking (jikaada))
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isolated indication separated from an indikasi isolated yang terpisah pada jarak 25
adjacent indication by 25 mm or more, mm atau lebih dengan sebuah indikasi lain
the size may be 1/3 t or 6 mm, yang berdekatan dengannya, ukuran
whichever is less. terbesar adalah 1/31 atau 6 mm, pilih yang
lebih kecil.
For t greater than 50 mm, the maximum Untuk t lebih dari 50 mm, ukuran maksimum
size of rounded indications is 10 mm. indikasi rounded yang diijinkan adalah 10
mm.
3) Aligned Rounded Indications
Aligned rounded indications are 3) Indikasi Rounded vang Segaris
acceptable when the sum of the Indikasi-indikasi rounded yang letaknya
indication’s diameters is less than t in a segaris adalah diperbolehkan apabila
weld length of 12t (see Figure 4-1). jumlah diameter indikasi-indikasinya kurang
dari t sepanjang 12t las-lasan (lihat Gambar
The group length of aligned rounded 4-1).
indications and the spacing between the Panjang kelompok indikasi rounded yang
groups shall meet the requirements of letaknya segaris dan jarak antar kelompok
Figure 4-2. harus memenuhi ketentuan dari Gambar 42.
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-+h
-------------------#-------
----------------------------------------------«•-------
I*
L
l
- SL 3 ► *■ * 31.3
1 2 3 L4
Maximum Group Length L = V4 in. (6 mm) for t less than 3/4 Minimum Group Spacing 3L where
in. (19 mm) L is the length of the longest
L = V31 for f 3/4 in. (19 mm) to 2V4 in. (57 mm) adjacent group being evaluated.
L = 3/4 in. (19 mm) for f greater than 2V4 in. (57 mm)
4) Jarak
4) Spacing
Jarak antar indikasi rounded yang berde-
Spacing between adjacent rounded katan bukan merupakan faktor penentu
indications is not a factor in deter mining penerimaan atau penolakan; kecuali untuk
acceptance or rejection, except as indikasi isolated atau indikasi-indikasi
required for isolated indications or kelompok yang letaknya segaris.
groups of aligned indications.
5) Pemetaan Indikasi Rounded
5) Rounded Indication Charts
Indikasi-indikasi rounded yang digolong-
The rounded indications characte-rized kan sebagai imperfection tidak boleh mele-
as imperfections shall not exceed that bihi konsentrasi seperti yang diperlihatkan
shown in the charts in the next pages. dalam gambar-gambar di halaman berikut.
These charts represent the maximum Gambar-gambar tersebut menunjukkan
acceptable concentration limits for batas konsentrasi maksimum yang masih
rounded indications. diijinkan dari indikasi-indikasi rounded.
GENERAL NOTE: Sum of the group lengths shall be less than t in a length of 12f.
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FIG. 4-5 CHARTS FOR / OVER % in. to % in. (10 mm to 19 mm), INCLUSIVE
(a) Random Rounded Indications [See Note (11)
(c) Cluster
NOTES:
(1) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld.
(2) Maximum size per Table 4-1.
(a) Random Rounded Indications [See Note ID]
Ic) Cluster
FIG. 4-6 CHARTS FOR t OVER % in. to 2 in. (19 mm to 50 mm), INCLUSIVE
FIG. 4-7 CHARTS FOR / OVER 2 in. to 4 in. (50 mm to 100 mm), INCLUSIVE
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(cl Cluster
NOTES:
(1) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld.
(2) Maximum size per Table 4-1.
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(b) Isolated Indication [See Note (2)]
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For t less than 3 mm, the maximum number berlaku pengurangan jumlah secara
of rounded indications shall not exceed 12 proporsional.
in 150 mm weld length.
7) Indikasi-indikasi Menqelompok
For weld length less than 150 mm, a Panjang indikasi cluster yang diijinkan tidak
proportionally fewer number of indications boleh melebihi 25 mm atau 2t, pilih yang
shall apply. lebih kecil.
6) Weld Thickness t < 3 mm 7) Tebal Las t < 3 mm
7) Clustered Indications Apabila terdapat lebih dari satu cluster,
The length of an acceptable clustered jumlah panjang dari cluster-cluster tersebut
indications shall not exceed 25 mm or 2t, tidak boleh melebihi 25 mm sepanjang 150
whichever is less. mm las-lasan.
Where more than one cluster is present, 14.2. ASME Section VIII Div. 1 SPOT RADIOGRAFI
the sum of the lengths of the clusters shall (UW-52):
not exceed 25 mm in a 150 mm weld
a) Sambungan las harus tidak ada retak, incom-
length.
plete fusion, atau incomplete penetration.
14.2. ASME Section VIII Div. 1 SPOT
b) Slag inclusion atau cavity ukurannya tidak
RADIOGRAPHY (UW-52):
boleh melebihi 2/3 t, dimana t adalah tebal
a) Welds shall be free of crack, incomplete fusion, base metal. Untuk sambungan tumpul antara
or incomplete penetration. dua pelat yang ketebalan pada dearah lasnya
b) Slag inclusions or cavities shall not be greater berbeda, t adalah ketebalan yang paling kecil.
than 2/3 t, where t is the base metal thickness.
For a butt weld joining two plates with different c) Slag inclusion atau cavity yang lebih pendek
thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of dari 6 mm selalu diterima.
these two thicknesses.
d) Slag inclusion atau cavity yang lebih panjang
c) Slag inclusions or cavities shorter than 6 mm dari 19 mm selalu ditolak.
shall be accepted.
e) Slag inclusion atau cavity yang letaknya
d) Slag inclusions or cavities greater than 19 mm segaris dan ukurannya memenuhi ketentuan
shall be rejected. (b) dan (c) di atas, jika panjangnya dijumlah,
e) Sum of the longest dimension of multiple tidak boleh lebih dari t sepanjang 6t las-lasan
aligned slag inclusions or cavities in which their (atau berlaku proporsional untuk panjang las
dimensions fulfill (b) and (c) above shall not be kurang dari 6t) dan spacingnya tidak boleh
greater than t in a length of 6t (or proportional kurang dari 3L, dimana L adalah panjang
for radiograph shorter than 6t) and the spacing indikasi terpanjang yang berdekatan.
shall not be less than 3L, where L is the f) Indikasi rounded bukan merupakan faktor di
longest length of adjacent indications. dalam penerimaan sambungan las yang
f) Rounded indications are not a factor in the diradiografi secara spot.
acceptability of weld to be spot radiographed.
Untuk t kurang dari 3 mm, jumlah maksi-
mum indikasi rounded tidak boleh melebihi
12 buah sepanjang 150 mm las-lasan.
Untuk panjang las kurang dari 150 mm,
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14.3. ASME Section IX (Par. QW-191.1.2) 14.3. ASME Section IX (Par. QW-191.1.2)
a) Linear Indications a) Indikasi-indikasi Linier
1) Welds shall be free from any type of crack 1) Sambungan las harus tidak boleh ada
or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration. retak, atau incomplete fusion, atau
incomplete penetration.
2) Any elongated slag inclusion shall have a
length not greater than: 2) Slag inclusion memanjang ukurannya tidak
boleh melebihi:
• 3 mm for t up to 10 mm.
• 1/3t for t over 10 mm to 57 mm. • 3 mm untuk t sampai dengan 10 mm.
• 19 mm for t over 57 mm. • 1/3t for t lebih 10 mm hingga 57 mm.
• 19 mm untuk t lebih dari 57 mm.
3) Agregate length of any group of slag
inclusion in line shall not be greater than t 3) Panjang agregat dari sembarang kelompok
in a weld length of 12t, except when the slag inclusion yang letaknya segaris tidak
spacing between the successive boleh melebihi t sepanjang 12t las-lasan,
imperfections exceeds 6L, where L is the kecuali apabila jarak antara dua indikasi
length of the longest imperfection in the yang berdekatan melebihi 6L, dimana L
group. adalah panjang dari indikasi terpanjang
dalam satu kelompok tersebut.
b) Rounded Indications
1) The maximum allowable dimension for b) Indikasi-indikasi Rounded
rounded indications shall be 20% of t or 3 1) Ukuran maksimum yang diijinkan bagi
mm, whichever is smaller. indikasi rounded adalah sebesar 20% t atau
2) For welds in material thickness less than 3 3 mm, pilih yang lebih kecil.
mm, the maximum number of accep-table 2) Untuk las-lasan dengan tebal material
rounded indications shall not exceed 12 in kurang dari 3 mm, jumlah maksimum
150 mm weld length. indikasi rounded tidak boleh melebihi 12
For weld length less than 150 mm, a buah sepanjang 150 mm las-lasan.
proportionally fewer number of indications Untuk panjang las kurang dari 150 mm,
shall apply. berlaku pengurangan jumlah secara
proporsional.
3) For welds in material thickness 3 mm or
greater, the charts in Appendix I of ASME 3) Untuk las-lasan dengan tebal material 3
Section IX represent the maximum mm atau lebih, gambar dalam Appendix I
acceptable types of rounded indications ASME Section IX memperlihatkan jenis-
illustrated in typically clustered, assorted, jenis indikasi rounded maksimum yang
and randomly dispersed configurations. masih dapat diterima yang digambarkan
dalam bentuk konfigurasi mengelompok,
4) For welds in material thickness 3 mm or
campuran, dan tersebar secara random.
greater, rounded indications less than 0.8
mm in maximum diameter shall not be 4) Untuk las-lasan dengan tebal material 3
considered in the radiographic acceptance mm atau lebih, indikasi rounded dengan
tests of welders and welding operators. diameter maksimum kurang dari 0.8 mm
tidak perlu diperhitungkan dalam
keberterimaan uji radiografi bagi welder
atau welding operator.
Doc.
♦I No. : RBT-P-05
RROOBBUUTTEECCH
Revisio
RADIOGRAPHIC n
:3
: 1 October
H EXAMINATION PROCEDURE Date
2015
TECHNICAL TESTING AND Page : 27 of 30
INSPECTION SERVICES
APPENDIX I
ROUNDED INDICATION CHARTS
(See QW-191.2)
Typical Quantity and Size Permitted
in 6 in. (150 mm) Length of Weld
V8 in. (3 mm) to l/4 in. (6 mm)
Thickness
l) Distance from source side of object to film k) Jarak sumber ke obyek (SOD);
(SSOF); l) Jarak dari sisi sumber obyek ke film
m) Film manufacturer and Manufacturer’s (SSOF);
type/designation;
m) Merek film dan jenisnya;
n) Number of film in each film
holder/cassette;
n) Jumlah film dalam tiap-tiap kaset;
o) Single- or double-wall exposure;
p) Single- or double-wall viewing;
o) Single atau double eksposur;
q) Results of the examination. p) Single atau double wall viewing;
q) Hasil pengujian.
Doc. No. : RBT-P-05
RADIOGRAPHIC Revision : 3
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE Date : 1 October 2015
TECHNICAL TESTING AND
INSPECTION SERVICES Page : 29 of 30
Exhibit 1.
Technique and
Exposure
Requirements
ASTM
R O B U TAE C
Set
0.25 (0.01) 0.2 (0.008)
Wire Diameter, mm (inches)
0.16 0.13(0.005) 0.1 (0.004) 0.08 (0.0032)
H B
0.81 0.64
(0.0063)
0.51 (0.02) 0.41 (0.016) 0.33 (0.013) 0.25 (0.01)
(0.032) (0.025)
C 2.54 (0.1) 2.03 (0.08) 1.6 (0.063) 1.27 (0.05) 1.02 (0.04) 0.81 (0.032)
D 8.13(0.32) 6.35 (0.25) 5.08 (0.2) 4.06(0.16) 3.2 (0.126) 2.54 (0.1)