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    Tensile Test PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ramona Mv M V
    The tensile test involves straining a steel test piece in tension until it fractures to determine its mechanical properties. Key measurements include tensile strength, yield strength, ductility, and reduction of area. The test piece's original cross-sectional area is measured and the maximum force applied is divided by this area to calculate stress. Tensile strength is the stress at maximum force, while yield strength is the stress when plastic deformation first occurs without increased force. Proof strength refers to the stress at a specified percentage elongation of the gauge length.

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    Tensile Test PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ramona Mv M V
    994 views3 pages
    The tensile test involves straining a steel test piece in tension until it fractures to determine its mechanical properties. Key measurements include tensile strength, yield strength, ductility, and reduction of area. The test piece's original cross-sectional area is measured and the maximum force applied is divided by this area to calculate stress. Tensile strength is the stress at maximum force, while yield strength is the stress when plastic deformation first occurs without increased force. Proof strength refers to the stress at a specified percentage elongation of the gauge length.

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    The tensile test involves straining a steel test piece in tension until it fractures to determine its mechanical properties. Key measurements include tensile strength, yield strength, ductility, and reduction of area. The test piece's original cross-sectional area is measured and the maximum force applied is divided by this area to calculate stress. Tensile strength is the stress at maximum force, while yield strength is the stress when plastic deformation first occurs without increased force. Proof strength refers to the stress at a specified percentage elongation of the gauge length.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    994 views3 pages

    Tensile Test PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ramona Mv M V
    The tensile test involves straining a steel test piece in tension until it fractures to determine its mechanical properties. Key measurements include tensile strength, yield strength, ductility, and reduction of area. The test piece's original cross-sectional area is measured and the maximum force applied is divided by this area to calculate stress. Tensile strength is the stress at maximum force, while yield strength is the stress when plastic deformation first occurs without increased force. Proof strength refers to the stress at a specified percentage elongation of the gauge length.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    A tensile test is used to determine properties of steel like tensile strength, yield strength, ductility and reduction of area.

    A tensile test is used to determine tensile strength, yield strength, ductility and reduction of area.

    Properties measured in a tensile test include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area and proof strength.

    Tensile Test

    Tensile test is one of the most common tests for steel. The test is described by standard EN 10 002.
    The test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the purpose of
    determining tensile strength, yield strength, event. ductility and reduction of area.
    16.1.1 Definitions

    gauge length (L) - length of cylindrical or prismatic portion of the test piece on which elongation is
    measured at any moment during the test [m]
    original gauge length (L0) - gauge length before application of force [m]
    final gauge length (Lu) - gauge length after rupture of the test piece [m]
    elongation - increase in the original gauge length at the end of the test
    ductility percentage elongation after fracture (A) - permanent elongation of the gauge length
    after fracture , expressed as the percentage of the original length:

    A=

    [%]

    Lu - L0
    L0

    extension increase of the original length at a given moment of the test


    percentage reduction of area (Z) - maximum change of cross sectional area, which was
    occurred during the test, expressed as a percentage of the original cross-sectional area .

    Z=
    where S0 is
    Su

    S0 - S u
    S0

    [%]

    original cross-sectional area before testing [m2]


    minimum cross-sectional area after fracture [m2]

    maximum force (Fm) - the greatest force which the test piece withstand during the test [N ]

    stress () - force at any moment during the test divided by the original cross-sectional area (S0) of
    the test piece :

    F
    S0

    tensile strength (Rm) - stress, corresponding to the maximum force Fm :

    Rm =

    Fm
    S0

    [MPa]

    yield strength (Ry) when metallic material exhibits a yield phenomenon, a point is reached
    during the test at which plastic deformation occurs without any increase in the force :

    Ry =
    where Fy is

    [MPa]

    Fy
    S0

    [MPa]

    force at the point of yield [N]

    proof strength (Rp) stress at which extension is equal to a specified percentage of the gauge
    length. the symbol used is followed by a suffix giving the prescribed percentage,for example Rp, 0,2

    page 1

    Fig.:46 Stress strain diagram


    a) steel with yield point

    b) steel with proof strength Rp,0,2

    [N/mm2]

    [N/mm2]

    ( F [N] )

    ( F [N] )
    proof strength

    Rp,0,2

    tensile strength

    Rm

    fracture
    Ry

    yield strenght
    elastic limit
    proportionality limit

    [-]

    [-]

    ( l [mm] )

    0,2 %

    ( l [mm] )

    16.1.2 Test Pieces


    The shape and dimensions of the test pieces depend on the shape and dimensions of the metallic
    products the mechanical properties of which are to be determined.
    The test piece is usually obtained by machining a sample from the product. However product of
    constant cross-section may be subjected to test without being machined. The cross section of the test
    pieces may be circular, square, rectangular, annular or, in special cases, of some other shape.
    16.1.3 Determination of Original Cross-Section Area
    The original cross-section area S0 shall be calculated from measurements of the dimensions of the
    test piece.
    for products of circular cross-section and smooth surface S0 may be calculated from formula:

    S0 =

    .d 2
    4

    [mm ]
    2

    where d is the arithmetic mean of two measurements carried out in two perpendicular direction

    for products of ribbed surface S0 may be determined from the mass of a known length L and its
    density (7850 kg/m3) according the formula :

    v =

    page 2

    m
    m
    =
    V
    S0 L

    and from it :

    S0 =

    m
    v L

    [m ]
    2

    Vocabulary.
    strain

    deformace

    cold worked steel

    ocel tven zastudena

    ductility

    tanost

    elongation

    prodlouen

    extension

    protaen

    final gauge length

    konen men dlka

    gauge length

    men (odmrn) dlka

    grip

    pevn uchytit

    jaw

    elist

    original gauge length

    poten men dlka

    percentage elongation after fracture

    tanost

    percentage reduction of the area

    stanost (kontrakce)

    proof strength

    smluvn mez kluzu

    reinforcing steel

    betonsk ocel

    ribbed

    ebrovan, s vroubkovanm povrchem

    stress

    napt

    stress-strain diagram

    pracovn diagram

    weldability

    svaitelnost

    yield

    kluz, prtanost

    yield strength

    mez kluzu

    page 3

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