Welding MIL STD PDF

INCH POUND
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
SUPERSEDING
MIL-STD-248C
12 October 1973
(See 7.2)
MILITARY STANDARD
WELDING AND BRAZING PROCEDURE
AND PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION
AMS N/A
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A.
unlimited
AREA THJM
Approved for public, release; distribution
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND
Washington, DC
20362-5101
Welding and Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualification

1. This Military standard is approved for use by all Departments and
Agencies of the Department of Defense. This revision adds new ASTM material
and AWS welding electrodes.
2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any
pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be
addressed to: Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command, SEA 55Z3, Department of
the Navy, Washington, DC 20362-5101 b using the self-addressed
Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the
end of this document or by letter.
ii
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
CONTENTS
Page
Paragraph 1.
1.1
SCOPE................................................
Scope...............................................
1
1
2.
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.2
2.3
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.................................
Government documents................................
Specifications and standards........................
Other Government publications.......................
Other publications..................................
Order of precedence.................................
1
1
1
8
8
11
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
DEFINITIONS..........................................
Terms related to both welding and brazing...........
Terms related to welding............................
Terms related to brazing............................
11
11
12
14
4.
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION......................

Scope...............................................
General requirements................................
Responsibility......................................
Certification of qualification testing..............
Submittal for approval..............................
Vendor qualification................................
Approval of procedure qualification for special
welds..............................................
Waiver of qualification.............................
Qualification levels................................
General.............................................
Level...............................................
Level II............................................
Welding position qualification limits...............
Repair of test assembly.............................
Transferral of welding procedure qualification......
Written welding procedure content...................
Essential elements of a welding procedure...........
Specific qualification requirements.................
Groove welds and fillet welds.......................
Base material.......................................
Test assembly size..................................
Test assembly joint design..........................
Test assembly for qualification of root disposition.
Material thickness qualification limits.............
Post weld heat treatment............................
Joint design qualification limits...................
Evaluation of procedure qualification test results..
Use of qualified groove butt weld procedures for
repair, buttering and build-up.....................
Qualification requirements for automatic/machine
welding............................................
14
14
14
14
15
15
16
4.2.6
4.2.7
4.27.1
4.2.7.2
4.2.7.3
2.2.8
4.2.9
4.2.10
4.3
4.3.1
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.1.1
4.4.1.2
4.4.1.3
4.4.1.4
4.4.1.5
4.4.1.6
4.4.1.7
4.4.1.8
4.4.1.9
4.4.1.10
iii
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
CONTENTS - Continued
Page
Paragraph 4.4.1.10.1
4.4.1.10.2
4.4.1.10.3
4.4.1.11
4.4.1.12
4.4.2
4.4.2.1
4.4.2.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.4.5.1
4.4.5.2
4.4.6
4.4.7
4.4.8
4.4.9
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.1.1
4.5.1.2
4.5.1.3
4.5.2
4.5.2.1
4.5.2.2
4.5.2.3
4.5.2.3.1
4.5.2.4
4.5.2.5
4.5.2.6
4.5.3
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.7
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.7.3
4..7.4
4.7.5
Pipe.............................................
Plate............................................
Special automatic/machine welds..................
Fillet welds - welding on bare surfaces..........
Fillet welds - welding over primer-coated
surfaces........................................
Qualification requirements for weld surfacing....
Weld cladding for corrosion resistance...........
Hardfacing for wear resistance...................
Dissimilar metal welds...........................
Resistance welding...............................
Stud welding.....................................
Method of qualification..........................
Procedure requirements...........................
Welds made without adding filler metal...........
Seal welds, pipe socket welds and tube-to-tubesheet welds (except internal tube-to-header
welds in boiler components; for internal tubeto-header welds, see 4.4.9).....................
Special welds....................................
Internal tube-to-header welds in boiler
components......................................
Evaluation of procedure qualification weldments..
Nondestructive tests.............................
Visual...........................................
Radiography, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant
and ultrasonic..................................
Acceptance standards.............................
Destructive tests................................
Transverse weld tension tests....................
Weld metal tension tests.........................
Guided bend tests................................
Criteria for acceptance..........................
Impact test......................................
Hardness test....................................
Macro-etch specimens.............................
Special tests....................................
Data accumulation and reporting for procedure
qualification...................................
Test report......................................
Maintenance of records...........................
Changes requiring level I requalification of
procedure.......................................
Base material....................................
Filler material..................................
Joint design.....................................
Process..........................................
Electrical characteristics.......................
iv
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
28
29
29
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Page
Paragraph 4.7.6
4.7.7
4.7.8
4.8
5.
5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.1.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.2.6
5.2.7
5.2.8
5.2.9
5.2.10
5.2.11
5.2.11.1
5.2.11.2
5.2.12
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.1.1
5.3.1.2
5.3.1.3
5.3.2
5.3.2.1
5.3.3
5.3.3.1
5.3.3.2
5.3.4
5.3.5
5.3.6
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.1.1
Position.........................................
Shielding gas (torch, purge gas and powder feed
gas)............................................
Heat treatment...................................
Procedure changes requiring level II
requalification.................................
WELDING PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION................
Scope...........................................
General requirements............................
Responsibility..................................
Waiver of qualification tests...................
Prerequisite....................................
Method of establishing qualification............
Alternate qualification methods.................
Qualification limits by base material, filler
metal and process..............................
Qualification limits by position and joint type.
Requirements for special welds..................
Repair to test assemblies.......................
Retests.........................................
Transferral of qualification....................
Maintenance of qualification....................
Renewal of qualification........................
Loss of qualification...........................
Vision test requirements........................
Performance qualification test requirements.....
Manual, semi-automatic, automatic and machine
welding........................................
Base material form, size, and thickness.........
Requirements for repair welding of castings.....
Automatic and machine welding...................
Fuel gas welding................................
Base material form, size and thickness..........
Tack and fillet welder..........................
Base material form and size.....................
Extent of qualification.........................
Weld surfacing (hardfacing and corrosionresisting).....................................
Seal, socket and tube-to-tubesheet welds........
Internal tube-to-header welding of boiler
components.....................................
Test and evaluation of qualification test
assemblies.....................................
Nondestructive inspection.......................
Visual examination..............................
v
30
30
30
31
32
32
32
32
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
34
35
35
35
35
35
35
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
37
37
38
38
38
38
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Page
Paragraph 5.4.1.2
5.4.1.3
5.4.2
5.4.2.1
5.4.2.2
5.4.2.3
5.5
5.5.1
5.6
5.6.1
5.6.2
5.6.3
5.6.4
5.6.5
5.6.6
5.6.7
5.6.8
6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
6.3.6
6.3.7
6.3.8
6.3.6.1
6.3.9
6.3.9.1
6.3.9.2
6.3.9.2.1
6.3.9.2.2
6.3.9.3
6.3.10
6.3.10.1
6.3.10.2
6.3.10.3
6.3.10.4
6.3.10.5
Nondestructive test performance..................

Acceptance standards.............................
Destructive tests................................
Guided-bend tests................................
Break test.......................................
Macro-etch specimen..............................
Data accumulation and records....................
Records..........................................
Changes requiring requalification of welder or
welding operator................................
Base material....................................
Filler material..................................
Process..........................................
Position.........................................
Joint design.....................................
Accessibility....................................
Shielding gas....................................
Fabrication documents requirements...............
38
38
38
38
38
38
39
39
39
39
39
40
40
40
40
41
41
BRAZING........................................... 41
Scope............................................ 41
General requirements............................. 41
Brazing procedure qualification.................. 42
Responsibility................................... 42
Certification of qualification testing........... 42
Approval and data provision requirements......... 42
Test report...................................... 43
Maintenance of records........................... 43
Vendor qualification............................. 43
Transferral of brazing procedure qualification... 43
Written brazing procedure content................ 43
Essential elements............................... 43
Procedure qualification test requirements........ 44
Qualification test assemblies.................... 44
Qualification assembly destructive test
evaluation...................................... 44
Tension test..................................... 44
Peel test........................................ 45
Qualification assembly nondestructive test
evaluation...................................... 45
Changes requiring requalification of brazing
procedures...................................... 45
Base material.................................... 45
Brazing alloy.................................... 45
Brazing process.................................. 46
Flux............................................. 46
Furnace atmosphere............................... 46
vi
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Page
Paragraph 6.3.10.6
6.3.10.7
6.4
46
46
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.4.4
6.4.5
6.4.6
6.4.7
6.4.8
6.4.8.1
6.4.9
6.4.10
6.4.11
Induction brazing................................
Position.........................................
Brazer and brazing operator performance
qualification...................................
Responsibility...................................
Prerequisite.....................................
Method of establishing qualification.............
Alternate qualification methods..................
Transferral of qualification.....................
Qualification requirements.......................
Retests..........................................
Maintenance of qualification.....................
Renewal of qualification.........................
Requalification requirements.....................
Test records.....................................
Vision test requirements.........................
7.
7.1
7.2
NOTES............................................
Subject term (key word) listing.................
Changes from previous issue.....................
49
49
49
46
46
46
46
47
47
47
48
48
48
48
48
49
TABLES
Table
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
Grouping of base materials (welding)............

Grouping of filler materials (welding)..........
Grouping of base/filler materials and process
combinations for welding procedure crossqualification..................................
Welding procedure qualification position
limitations....................................
Essential elements of a welding procedure.......
Welding procedure qualification material
thickness limits...............................
Welding procedure qualification assembly test
requirements...................................
Grouping of filler metals and process combinations for welder or welding operator (performance qualification)............................
Performance qualification - position limitations
Performance qualification test limitations......
Performance qualification test evaluation
requirements...................................
Material combinations and brazing alloy requirements..........................................
Grouping of base materials for brazing procedure
and performance qualification..................
vii
50
57
65
79
81
83
84
88
89
90
92
93
94
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Page
Table
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
Grouping of brazing alloys for procedure and......

performance qualification........................
Type and number of test specimens required and
range of thickness qualified (brazing procedure
qualification)...................................
Axial load and torque values for procedure
qualification....................................
95
96
96
FIGURES
Figure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Positions of welding..............................
Typical welding procedure qualification test plate
and recommended locations for removal of test
specimens........................................
Typical welding procedure qualification pipe
test assembly....................................
Test assembly for procedure qualification of
cladding for corrosion-resistance except for
circumferential welding applications on
shafting.........................................
Test assembly for procedure qualification of
cladding for circumferential welding of
shafting.........................................
Procedure qualification test plate for hardfacing...........................................
Typical location of test specimens from dissimilar metal welded test plate..................
Test assembly for welding bare surfaces...........
Test assembly for welding over primer-coated
surfaces.........................................
Stud testing apparatus............................
Sample for reporting qualification data...........
Performance qualification test nos. 2A and 2B
for fuel gas welding (plate).....................
Performance qualification test no. 3B for fuel
gas welding (pipe)...............................
Performance qualification test no. 1 for arc
welding..........................................
Performance qualification tests nos. 3 and 4 for
arc welding (pipe)...............................
Performance qualification test no. 8 for tack
welders..........................................
Performance qualification test no. 9 for weld
surfacing........................................
Sample performance qualification record...........
viii
8
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Page
Figure
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Reduced section tension specimen (plate) for

brazed lap-type joints...........................
Lap joint peel specimen...........................
Typical layout and construction for restricted
accessibility qualification test assembly
positions........................................
Performance qualification tests nos. 5 and 6 for
arc welding (pipe)...............................
Brazing positions.................................
Heat affected zone (HAZ) Charpy notch location....
Mockup and orientation of assembly for procedure
and performance qualification for manual
welding of tube-to-header joint welds............
Performance qualification test no. 10, plasmaarc welding - keyhole technique..................
117
118
119
120
121
122
124
126
APPENDIX
Appendix
Data requirements................................. 127
ix
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
1.
SCOPE
1.1 Scope. This standard contains the requirements for the of welding and
brazing procedures, welders, brazers and brazing welding operators that must
be met prior to any production fabrication. It includes manual, semiautomatic, automatic and machine welding and brazing of ferrous, nonferrous,
and dissimilar metals. The qualification tests required by this standard are
devised to demonstrate the adequacy of the welding or brazing procedures and to
demonstrate the ability of welders, brazers, welding operators and brazing
operators to produce sound welds or brazes.
1.2 Procedures and personnel previously qualified to earlier revisions of
this standard, for which records are available and qualifications have been
maintained, shall not in general require requalification to this revision.
However, the authorized representative may require requalification to this
revision on a case-by-case basis where he has specific concerns about the
adequacy of procedures or ability of personnel to produce welds of intended
integrity or which meet requirements of the applicable fabrication document,
These requirements also apply to the visual inspection training of personnel
implemented by this revision. It is not the purpose of this standard to
require extensive requalification of previously qualified procedures or
personnel. Qualification of new procedures and personnel performance shall
be accomplished in accordance with the requirements of this standard,
The
requirements of this standard for requalification (that is, 4.7, 4.8, 5.6,
and so forth) shall apply to all previously qualified procedures and
personnel.
1.3 This standard contains both mandatory requirements (indicated by the
word "shall") designed to serve as standards applicable to methods,
materials, and inspection, and guidance information (indicated by either the
word "should" or "may"). Guidance information is recommended but is not
mandatory.
2.
2.1
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
Government documents.
2.1.1 Specifications and standards. Unless otherwise specified, the

following specifications and standards of the issue listed in that issue of
the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DODISS)
specified in the solicitation form a part of this standard to the extent
specified herein.
SPECIFICATIONS
FEDERAL
O-F-499
QQ-A-200
QQ-A-200/1
QQ-A-200/4
QQ-A-200/5
Flux Brazing, (Silver Brazing Filler Metal, Low Melting

Point).
Aluminum Alloy, Bar, Rod, Shapes, Structural Shapes,
Aluminum Alloy 3003, Bar, Rod, Shapes, Tube and Wire,
Extruded.
Extruded.
Extruded.
1
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
FEDERAL (Continued)
QQ-A-200/6 - Aluminum Alloy 5454, Bar, Rod, Shapes, Tube and Wire,
Extruded.
QQ-A-200/7 - Aluminum Alloy 5456, Bar, Rod, Shapes, Tube and Wire,
Extruded.
QQ-A-225
- Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Bar, Rod, Wire, or Special
Shapes; Rolled, Drawn, or Cold Finished; General
Specification for.
QQ-A-225/1 - Aluminum Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire; Rolled, Drawn, or
Cold Finished, 1100.
QQ-A-225/2 - Aluminum Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire; Rolled, Drawn, or
Cold Finished, 3003.
QQ-A-225/7 - Aluminum Alloy 5052, Bar, Rod, and Wire; Rolled, Drawn,
or Cold Finished.
QQ-A-250
- Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Plate and Sheet: General
Specification for.
QQ-A-250/1 - Aluminum 1100, Plate and Sheet.
QQ-A-250/2 - Aluminum Alloy 3003, Plate and Sheet.
QQ-A-25019 - Aluminum Alloy 5052, Plate and Sheet.
QQ-A-601
- Aluminum Alloy Sand Castings.
QQ-B-626
- Brass, Leaded and Nonleaded: Rod, Shapes, Forgings, and
Flat Products with Finished Edges (Bar and Strip).
QQ-B-637
- Brass, Naval: Rod, Wire, Shapes, Forgings, and Flat
Products with Finished Edges (Bar, Flat Wire, and Strip).
QQ-B-639
- Brass, Naval: Flat Products (Plate, Bar, Sheet, and
Strip).
QQ-B-650
- Brazing Alloys, Copper, Copper-Zinc, and CopperPhosphorus.
QQ-B-654
- Brazing Alloys, Silver.
QQ-B-728
- Bronze Manganese; Rod, Shapes, Forgings, and Flat
Products (Flat Wire, Strip, Sheet, Bar, and Plate).
QQ-B-750
- Bronze, Phosphor; Bar, Plate, Rod, Sheet, Strip, Flat
Wire, and Structural and Special Shaped Sections.
QQ-C-390
- Copper Alloy Castings (Including Cast Bar).
QQ-C-450
- Copper-Aluminum Alloy (Aluminum Bronze) Plate, Sheet,
Strip, and Bar (Copper Alloy Numbers 606, 610, 613,
614, and 630).
QQ-C-465
- Copper-Aluminum Alloys (Aluminum Bronze) (Copper Alloy
Numbers 606, 614, 630, 632M, and 642); Rod, Flat
Products with Finished Edges (Flat Wire, Strip, and
Bar), Shapes, and Forgings.
QQ-C-576
- Copper Flat Products with Slit, Slit and Edge-Rolled,
Sheared, Sawed, or Machined Edges, (Plate, Bar, Sheet,
and Strip).
QQ-C-591
- Copper-Silicon, Copper-Zinc-Silicon, and Copper-NickelSilicon Alloys: Rod, Wire, Shapes, Forgings, and Flat
Products (Flat Wire, Strip, Sheet, Bar, and Plate).
2
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
FEDERAL (Continued)
QQ-N-281
- Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar, Rod, Plate, Sheet, Wire,
Forgings, and Structural and Special Shaped Sections.
QQ-N-288
- Nickel-Copper Alloy and Nickel-Copper-Silicon Alloy
Castings.
QQ-S-763
- Steel Bars, Wire, Shapes, and Forgings, Corrosion
Resisting.
QQ-S-766
- Steel, Stainless and Heat Resisting, Alloys, Plate,
Sheet and Strip.
WW-P-404
- Pipe, Steel, (Seamless and Welded, Black and Zinc-Coated
(Galvanized)).
WW-T-700
- Tube, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy, Drawn, Seamless,
General Specification for.
WW-T-700/1 - Tube, Aluminum, Drawn, Seamless, 1100.
WW-T-700/2 - Tube, Aluminum, Alloy, Drawn, Seamless, 3003.
WW-T-700/5 - Tube, Aluminum Alloy, Drawn, Seamless, 5086.
WW-T-799
- Tube, Copper, Seamless, Water (For Use with SolderFlared- or Compression-Type Fittings).
MILITARY
MIL-E-278
MIL-S-860
MIL-S-867
MIL-S-870
MIL-T-1368
MIL-T-3595
MIL-T-6736
MIL-W-6858
MIL-T-8504
MIL-E-8697
MIL-S-8699
MIL-T-9046
MIL-T-9047
MIL-T-15005 MIL-S-15083
MIL-B-15382
MIL-S-15464
MIL-C-15726
Electrodes, Welding, Covered, Aluminum Bronze.

Steel Forgings for Steam Turbine Rotors.
Steel Castings, Corrosion Resisting Austenitic,
Steel Castings, Molybdenum Alloy.
Tube and Pipe, Nickel-Copper Alloy, Seamless and Welded.
Tubing, Phosphor Bronze: (Cda. No. 510) Round,
Seamless.
Tubing, Chrome-Molybdenum, 4130 Steel, Seamless and
Welded, Aircraft Quality.
Welding, Resistance: Spot and Seam.
Tubing Steel, Corrosion-Resistant (304), Aerospace
Vehicle Hydraulic Systems, Annealed, Seamless and
Welded.
Electrodes, Welding, Covered, Low-Hydrogen, HeatTreatable Steel.
Steel Bars and Forging Stock (4330) Vanadium Modified,
Aircraft Quality.
Titanium, and Titanium. Alloy, Sheet, Strip and Plate.
Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars (Rolled or Forged) and
Reforging Stock, Aircraft Quality.
Tubes, 70-30 and 90-10 Copper Nickel Alloy, Condenser
and Heat Exchanger.
Steel Castings.
Bolt, Firebrick Anchor.
Steel, Alloy, Chromium-Molybdenum; Castings.
Copper-Nickel Alloy, Rod, Flat Products (Flat Wire,
Strip, Sheet, Bar, and Plate) and Forgings.
3
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MILITARY (Continued)
MIL-S-16216
- Steel Plate, Alloy, Structural, High Yield Strength
(HY-80 and HY-100).
MIL-T-16286
- Tube, Steel, Seamless, Marine Boiler Application.
MIL-T-16420
- Tube, Copper-Nickel Alloy, Seamless and Welded (Copper
Alloy Numbers 715 and 706).
MIL-B-16541
- Bronze, Valve: Castings.
MIL-S-16993
- Steel Castings (12-Percent Chromium).
MIL-R-17131
- Rods and Powders, Welding, Surfacing.
MIL-N-17163
- Nickel-Copper Alloy, Wrought; (55-60 Percent Nickel)
Low Permeability.
MIL-S-17509
- Steel Castings, Austenitic, Chromium-Nickel, Low
Magnetic Permeability.
MIL-E-18193
- Electrodes, Welding, Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel,
Bare, Coiled.
MIL-F-18251
- Fluxes, Welding, Submerged Arc Process Carbon and
Low-Alloy Steel Application.
MIL-S-18728
- Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip, Alloy 8630, Aircraft
Quality.
MIL-S-18729
- Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip, Alloy 4130, Aircraft
Quality.
MIL-F-19922
- Fluxes, Welding (Compositions), Submerged Arc Process
with Type "B" Electrodes, Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel
Application.
MIL-E-19933
- Electrodes and Rods - Welding, Bare, Chromium and
Chromium-Nickel Steels.
MIL-C-20159
- Copper-Nickel Alloy Castings (UNS No. C96200 and
C96400).
MIL-T-20168
- Tubes, Brass, Seamless.
MIL-T-20219
- Tube, Brass, Voice and Pneumatic.
MIL-F-20236
- Fittings, Tube and Pipe, Butt-Welding, 300 P.S.I and
775 deg. F. Maximum.
MIL-F-20670
- Flanges, Pipe, Carbon Steel, 150 P.S.I, W.S.P (For
Naval Shipboard Use).
MIL-A-21180
- Aluminum-Alloy Castings, High Strength.
MIL-E-21562
- Electrodes and Rods Welding, Bare, Nickel Alloy.
MIL-S-21952
- Steel (HY-80 and HY-100) Bars, Alloy.
MIL-E-22200
- Electrodes, Welding, Covered; General Specification
for.
MIL-E-22200/1 - Electrodes, Welding, Mineral Covered, Iron-Powder, LowHydrogen Medium and High Tensile Steel, As Welded or
Stress-Relieved Weld Application.
MIL-E-22200/2 - Electrodes, Welding, Covered (Austenitic ChromiumNickel Steel).
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-E-22200/3 - Electrodes, Welding, Covered: Nickel Base Alloy;
and Cobalt Base Alloy.
MIL-E-22200/4 - Electrodes, Welding, Covered, Copper-Nickel Alloy.
MIL-E-22200/5 - Electrodes, Welding, Mineral Covered, Iron-Powder,
Low-Hydrogen, Low-Alloy Steel for Hardening and
Tempering Heat Treatment Applications Only.
MIL-E-22200/6 - Electrodes, Welding, Mineral Covered, Low-Hydrogen,
Medium and High Tensile Steel.
MIL-E-22200/7 - Electrodes, Welding, Covered, Molybdenum Alloy Steel
Application.
MIL-E-22200/8 - Electrodes, Welding, Covered, Low-Hydrogen, and IronPowder Low-Hydrogen, Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy Steel
and Corrosion Resisting Steel.
MIL-E-22200/9 - Electrodes, Welding, Mineral Covered Low-Hydrogen or
Iron-Powder, Low-Hydrogen, Nickel ManganeseChromium-Molybdenum Alloy Steel for Producing HY-130
Weldments for As-Welded Applications.
MIL-E-22200/10 - Electrodes, Welding, Mineral Covered, Iron-Powder,
Low-Hydrogen Medium, High Tensile and HigherStrength Low Alloy Steels.
MIL-S-22698
- Steel Plate and Shapes, Weldable Ordinary Strength
and Higher Strength: Hull Structural.
MIL-S-23008
- Steel Castings, Alloy, High Yield Strength (HY-80
and HY-100).
MIL-S-23009
- Steel Forgings, Alloy, High Yield Strength (HY-80
and HY-100).
MIL-S-23193
- Steel, Corrosion Resistant; Castings.
MIL-S-23194
- Steel Forgings Carbon and Alloy.
MIL-S-23195
- Steel Bars and Forgings Corrosion Resistant.
MIL-S-23196
- Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip, Corrosion Resistant.
MIL-T-23226
- Tube and Pipe, Corrosion-Resistant Steel, Seamless.
MIL-T-23227
- Tube and Pipe, Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy.
MIL-N-23228
- Nickel Chromium Iron Alloy Plate, Sheet and Strip.
MIL-N-23229
- Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy Bars and Forgings.
MIL-S-03284
- Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Shafts,
Sleeves, Couplings, and Stocks (Rudders and Diving
Planes).
MIL-I-23413
- Inserts, Welding, Filler Material, Coiled and Solid
Rings.
MIL-F-23467
- Fittings and Flanges, Wrought, Seamless, Butt and
Socket Welding, Austenitic Corrosion-Resistant
Steel.
MIL-F-23508
- Fittings and Flanges, Wrought Seamless, Butt and
Socket Welding, Nickel Chromium Iron Alloy.
5
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-F-23509
- Fittings and Flanges, Wrought Seamless Butt and
Socket Welding, Nickel Copper Alloy.
MIL-T-23520
- Tube and Pipe, Nickel-Copper Alloy, Seamless Air
Melted.
MIL-E-23765
- Electrodes and Rods - Welding, Bare, Solid and
Alloyed Cored, General Specification for.
MIL-E-23765/1 - Electrodes and Rods - Welding, Bare, Solid and
Alloyed Cored, Ordinary Strength and Low Alloy
Steel.
MIL-E-23765/2 - Electrodes and Rods - Welding, Bare, Solid, or
Alloyed Cored, Low Alloy Steel.
MIL-E-23765/3 - Electrodes and Rods - Welding, Bare, Solid Copper
Alloy.
MIL-S-24093
- Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy Heat Treated.
MIL-N-24106
- Nickel Copper Alloy Bars, Rods, and Forgings.
MIL-T-24107
- Tube, Copper (Seamless) (Copper Alloy Numbers C10100,
C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, and C14200).
MIL-N-24114
- Nickel Chromium Iron Age Hardenable Alloy Bars, Rods,
and Forgings.
MIL-L-24128
- Low Carbon Chromium Steel Bars, Rods and Forgings.
MIL-S-24149
- Studs, Arc Welding, and Arc Shields (Ferrules),
General Specification for.
MIL-S-24149/1 - Studs, Arc Welding, and Arc Shields (Ferrules); Type
I, Class 1, 2, 3, and Type II, Class 1, 4, 5, 5A, 6,
Carbon Steel, for Direct Energy Arc Welding.
III, Class 1, 2, 3, and Type IV, Class 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, Aluminum Alloy, for Direct Energy Arc Welding.
V, Class 1, 4, 5, 5A, Corrosion-Resistant Steel, for
Direct Energy Arc Welding.
MIL-S-24149/4 - Studs, Arc Welding, Type VI, Class 1, 2, 3, Carbon
Steel, for Stored Energy (Capacitor Discharge) Arc
Welding.
MIL-S-24149/5 - Studs, Arc Welding; Type VII, Class 1, 2, 3, Aluminum
Alloy, for Stored Energy (Capacitor Discharge) Arc
Welding.
MIL-S-24149/6 - Studs, Arc Welding; Type VIII, Class 1, 2, 3,
Corrosion-Resistant, for Stored Energy (Capacitor
Discharge) Arc Welding.
MIL-S-24238
- Steel Plate Carbon and Low Alloy.
MIL-N-24271
- Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy Castings.
MIL-P-243118
- Pipe, Carbon Steel, Seamless.
MIL-F-24339
- Fittings and Flanges, Wrought, Seamless, Butt and
Socket Welding Carbon Steel.
MIL-F-24342
- Fitting and Flange, Wrought Seamless, Butt and
Socket Welding 70-30 Copper Nickel Alloy.
6
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-E-24355
- Electrodes, Welding, Bare, Solid, Nickel-ManganeseChromium-Molybdenum Alloy Steel for Producing HY-130
Weldments for As-Welded Applications.
MIL-S-24371
- Steel Plate, Alloy, Structural, High Yield Strength
(HY-130).
MIL-E-24403
- Electrodes - Welding, Flux Cored General
Specification for.
MIL-E-24403/1 - Electrodes - Welding, Flux Cored, Ordinary Strength
and Low Alloy Steel.
MIL-E-274403/2 - Electrodes - Welding, Flux Cored, Low-Alloy Steel.
MIL-S-24412
- Steel, Special Structural Shape, Weldable, High
Tensile (HT); for Submarine Hulls.
MIL-S-24451
- Steel Heat Treated Heads, Alloy Structural, High
Yield Strength (HY-80 and HY-100).
MIL-B-24480
- Bronze, Nickel Aluminum (UNS No. C95800) Castings
for Seawater Service.
MIL-S-24645
- Steel Plate, Sheet or Coil, Age-Hardening Alloy,
Structural, High Yield Strength (HSLA-80).
DOD-F-24669
- Forgings and Forging Stock, Steel Bars, Billets
and Blooms, General Specification for.
(Metric)
DOD-F-24669/1 - Forgings and Forging Stock, Steel (Carbon and
Alloy) Blooms, Bars, Billets and Slabs. (Metric)
DOD-F-24669/2 - Forgings and Forging Stock, Steel Bars and Billets Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy. (Metric)
DOD-F-24669/6 - Forgings and Forging Stock, Steel Bars and Billets,
Corrosion Resisting; for Reforging. (Metric)
DOD-F-24669/7 - Forgings and Forging Stock, Steel Bars and Billets,
Corrosion Resisting; Naval Steam Turbine Parts Use.
(Metric)
MIL-P-24691
- Pipe and Tube, Carbon, Alloy and Stainless Steel,
Seamless and Welded, General Specification for.
MIL-P-24691/1 - Pipe and Tube, Carbon Steel, Stainless.
MIL-P-24691/2 - Pipe and Tube, Chromium-Molybdenum Steel, Seamless.
MIL-P-24691//3 - Pipe and Tube, Corrosion-Resistant, Stainless Steel,
Seamless or Welded.
STANDARDS
MILITARY
MIL-STD-22
MIL-STD-271
MIL-STD-1628
MIL-STD-1681
MIL-STD-1688
MIL-STD-1689
Welded Joint Designs.

Requirements for Nondestructive Testing Methods.
Fillet Weld Size, Strength, and Efficiency
Determination.
Fabrication, Welding, and Inspection of HY-130
Submarine Hull.
Fabrication, Welding, and Inspection of HY-80/100
Submarine Applications.
Fabrication, Welding, and Inspection of Ships
Structure.
7
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
2.1.2 Other Government publications. The following other Government
publications form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein.
Unless otherwise specified, the issues shall be those in effect on the date
of the solicitation.
PUBLICATIONS
NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA)
0900-LP-001-7000 - Fabrication and Inspection of Brazed Piping
Systems.
0900-LP-003-8000 - Surface Inspection Acceptance Standards for
Metals.
0900-LP-003-9000 - Radiographic Standards for Production and Repair
Welds.
0900-LP-006-3010 - Ultrasonic Inspection Procedures and Acceptance
Standards for Hull Structure Production and
Repair Welds.
0951-LP-031-8010 - Propulsion Plant Main Boiler PSI Steam, TM (Repair
and Overhaul).
(Copies of specifications, standards, and publications required by
contractors in connection with specific acquisition functions should be
obtained from the contracting activity or as directed by the contracting
officer.)
2.2 Other publications. The following documents form a part of this
standard to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the
issues of the documents which are DoD adopted shall be those listed in the
issue of DODISS specified in the solicitation. The issues of documents which
have not been adopted shall be those in effect on the date of the cited
DODISS.
AEROSPACE MATERIALS SPECIFICATION (AMS)
AMS 6530 - Tubing Seamless-0.55 Ni-0.50 Cr-0.20 Mo (0.28-0.34C).
(Application for copies should be addressed to the Society of Automotive
Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.)
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)
A5.10 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Bare
Welding Rods arid Electrodes.
(Application for copies should be addressed to American National Standards
Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)
A 178 - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon
Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler (DoD adopted)
A 182 - Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy Pipe Flanges,
Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High Temperature
Service. (DoD adopted)
A 213 - Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic
Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater and Heat-Exchanger Tubes.
(DoD adopted)
8
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
ASTM (Continued)
A 216 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for
Fusion Welding, for High Temperature Service. (DoD adopted)
A 240 - Standard Specification for Heat-Resisting Chromium and
Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for
Pressure Vessels. (DoD adopted)
A 302 - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel.
(DoD adopted)
A 335 - Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe
for High-Temperature Service.
A 370 - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Forgings. (DoD adopted)
A 473 - Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel
Forgings. (DoD adopted)
A 487 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure
Service.
A 494 - Standard Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy.
A 515 - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel
for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature Service. (DoD
adopted)
A 516 - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service. (DoD
adopted)
A 537 - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, HeatTreated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel. (DoD adopted)
A 743 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, IronChromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application.
(DoD adopted)
A 744 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel,
Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service. (DoD adopted)
B 166 - Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys
(UNS N06600 and N06690) Rod, Bar, and Wire. (DoD adopted)
B 209 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet
and Plate. (DoD adopted)
B 265 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip,
Sheet and Plate.
B 337 - Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and
Titanium Alloy Pipe. (DoD adopted)
B 338 - Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and
Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers. (DoD
adopted)
B 367 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy
Castings.
B 443 - Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium
Alloy (UNS N06625) Plate, Sheet, and Strip.
Alloys (UNS N06625) Pipe and Tube.
Alloy (UNS N06625) Rod and Bar.
9
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
ASTM (Continued)
B 564 - Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings. (DoD
adopted)
E 604 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic
Materials. (DoD adopted)
(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for
Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.)
AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS)
A3.0
A5.1
A5.2
A5.4
A5.5
A5.6
A5.7
A5.9
A5.10 A5.13 A5.16 A5.23 A5.27 A5.28 B4.0
Standard Welding Terms and Definitions. (DoD adopted)

Specification for Covered Carbon Steel Arc Welding
Electrodes. (DoD adopted)
Specification for Iron and Steel Oxyfuel Gas Welding Rods.
(DoD adopted)
Specification for Covered Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and
Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Electrodes. (DoD adopted)
Specification for Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding
Specification for Covered Copper and Copper Alloy Arc Welding
Specification for Copper and Copper Alloy Bare Welding and
Specification for Corrosion Resisting Chromium and
Chromium-Nickel Steel Bare and Composite Metal Cored and
Stranded Welding Electrodes and Welding Rods. (DoD
adopted)
Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Bare Welding
Rods and Electrodes. (DoD adopted)
Specification for Solid Surfacing Welding Rods and
Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bare Welding
Rods and Electrodes. (DoD adopted)
Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for
Submerged Arc Welding. (DoD adopted)
Specification for Copper and Copper Alloy Rods for Oxyfuel
Gas Welding.
Specification for Low Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas]
Shielded Arc Welding. (DoD adopted)
Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds. (DoD
adopted)
(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Welding

Society, Inc., 550 NW LeJeune Road, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, FL 33135.)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (ASNT)
ASNT Publication No. 103 - Glossary of Terms Frequently Used in
Nondestructive Testing.
(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for
Nondestructive Testing, 3200 Riverside Drive, P.O. Box 21442, Columbus OH
43221.)
10
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(Nongovernment standards are generally available for reference from
libraries. They are also distributed among nongovernment standards bodies
and using Federal agencies.)
2.3 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of
this standard and the references cited herein, the text of this standard
shall take precedence.
3.
3.1
DEFINITIONS
Terms related to both welding and brazing.
3.1.1
General.
(a)
(b)
Except as noted herein, welding and brazing nomenclature and

definitions shall conform to AWS A3.0.
Except as noted herein, nondestructive testing nomenclature
and definitions shall conform to ASNT publication No. 103.
3.1.2 Acceptable. An item is acceptable when it complies with or conforms

to the applicable standard or specification.
3.1.3 Activity. The term activity refers to all sites of an organization,
under the same quality assurance management and using the same quality
assurance plan, performing work to which this standard is applicable. The
quality assurance manual shall contain a paragraph approved by an authorized
representative, specifically addressing the transfer of qualified procedures
from one site to another within the activity.
3.1.4 Applicable fabrication document. Applicable fabrication document is
the document invoked by the contract, purchase order or circular of
requirements governing the work being accomplished.
3.1.5 Approval (approved). Approval means the item under consideration
requires acceptance by NAVSEA or its authorized representative. "Approval"
or "approved" as used herein shall be by the NAVSEA authorized representative
unless NAVSEA approval is specified.
3.1.6 Authorized representative. An authorized representative is any
Government representative specifically authorized to approve equipment,
material or procedures within the scope of this document for NAVSEA. They
are as follows:
(a)
(b)
For Government shipyards: The delegated representative of the

Shipyard Commander.
For commercial shipyards: The delegated representative of the
Supervisor of Shipbuilding, Conversion and Repair (SUPSHIP), or
the American Bureau of Shipping when specified in the Ship's
specifications for a particular ship. This includes all
applicable areas in the shipyard and applicable items furnished
to the shipyard by subcontractors.
11
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(c)
(d)
(e)
For Government purchase items: The delegated representative of

the Commanding Officer, Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station
(NAVSSES), Philadelphia or of the Officer in Charge, NAVSSES
Detachment, Mechanicsburg, or of the Officer in Charge, NAVSSES
Detachment, Norfolk.
When delegated by NAVSEA, the representative of the Defense
Contract Administration Services Management Area (DCASMA).
Technical representative specifically authorized by NAVSEA.
3.1.7 Essential elements. Essential elements are those elements, either

material or process, that are important in establishing a welding or brazing
procedure. These elements shall be defined as part of a welding or brazing
procedure. Changes in these elements, after a procedure has been qualified,
shall require a change in the written procedure and may require level I or
level II requalification, depending on the element being changed and the
magnitude of the change.
3.1.8 Inspector. An inspector is any contractor, Naval shipyard and other
Government agency employee or American Bureau of Shipping Surveyor qualified
as required by this document to accept or reject materials or workmanship on
the basis of specified test results.
3.1.9 Performance qualification. A performance qualification is an action
by which welders and welding operators are evaluated by nondestructive and
destructive methods for their demonstrated ability to produce welds which
meet the requirements of this specification. Also included are requirements
for qualification record keeping.
3.1.10 Procedure. A procedure is a written fabrication instruction which
contains all the applicable essential elements listed in this document.
3.1.11 Procedure qualification. Procedure qualification is an action by
which test assemblies are prepared in accordance with a proposed procedure
and evaluated by destructive or nondestructive tests or both. Also included
are requirements for qualification record keeping.
3.1.12 Qualified. The term "qualified" means that the item under
consideration has been approved as required by this standard.
3.2
Terms related to welding.
3.2.1 Build-up. Build-up is a surfacing variation in which surfacing

metal is deposited to restore base material or weld surface dimensions.
3.2.2 Buttering. Buttering is a surfacing variation that deposits
surfacing metal on one or more surfaces to provide metallurgical compatible
weld metal for the subsequent completion of the weld.
3.2.3 Cladding. Cladding is a surfacing variation that deposits or
applies surfacing materials, usually to improve corrosion or heat resistance.
12
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
3.2.4 Dissimilar metal welds. Dissimilar metal welds are welds involving
two metals which differ sufficiently in metallurgical and physical properties
to require special consideration in procedure qualification and inspection
(see section 4 for exceptions).
3.2.5 Hardfacing. Hardfacing refers to a surfacing variation in which
surfacing metal is deposited to reduce wear.
3.2.6 Internal tube-to-header welds. These are welds between various
types of boiler tubes and their respective headers (or drums), such as
economizer headers, superheater headers, and so forth. These welds are
located on the interior of the header (or drum). Integrity of the
tube-to-header connection is usually provided by a combination of welding and
rolling the tube.
3.2.7 Keyhole welding. Keyhole welding is a technique in which a
concentrated heat source penetrates completely through a workpiece, forming a
hole at the leading edge of the weld pool. As the heat source progresses,
the molten metal fills in behind the hole to form the weld bead.
3.2.8 Orifice gas (plasma arc welding and cutting). Orifice gas is the
gas that is directed into the torch to surround the electrode. It becomes
ionized in the arc to form the plasma, and issues from the orifice in the
torch nozzle as the plasma jet.
3.2.9
Oscillation.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Defining characteristics:
Amplitude. Amplitude is the distance normal to the direction of

welding between the outermost positions which the electrode tip
reaches while oscillating.
Dwell. Dwell is the time during which the electrode rests at
any point in each oscillating swing or traverse.
Frequency. Frequency is the number of complete cycles made by
the oscillating head in 1 minute, or other specified time
increment.
3.2.10 Seal weld. Seal weld is a weld provided for a fluid containment
function only, as in a closure where strength is provided by a separate
device.
3.2.11
Special welds.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Special welds are welds involving:
Base materials not covered in table I of this standard.

Filler materials not covered in table II of this standard.
Material thickness above those specified in table VI of this
standard or
Processes which are not specified in table III of this standard.
3.2.12 Surfacing. Surfacing is the application by welding, brazing, or

thermal spraying of a layer of material to a surface to obtain desired
properties or dimensions, as opposed to making a joint. (See also buildup,
buttering, cladding and hardfacing.)
3.2.13 Tube-to-tubesheet weld. Welds between tubing (usually heat
transfer tubing) and the respective tube sheet usually occurring in some type
of heat exchanger (see also 3.2.6).
13
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
3.2.14 Welding speed (travel speed). Welding speed is the rate of
progression of the welding arc along the weld axis.
3.2.15 Wire fee angle. Wire feed angle is the angle between the filler
metal and the tangent to the pipe or plate surface at the arc.
3.2.16 Wormhole porosity. Wormhole porosity refers to gas inclusions
having an elongated form known as "wormholes" or "pipes" usually oriented
almost perpendicular to the weld surface.
3.3
Terms related to brazing.
3.3.1 Brazement.
joined by brazing.
Brazement is an assembly whose component parts are
3.3.2 Clearance. Clearance is the actual gap at room temperature prior to

brazing for capillary flow of filler metal.
3.3.3 Manual torch brazing. Manual torch brazing is torch brazing with
the brazer controlling the torch with his hands.
3.3.4 Mechanized torch brazing. Mechanized torch brazing is torch brazing
with an automatic or mechanical method of controlling the torch while brazing.
3.3.5 Peel test. Peel test is a destructive method of inspection where a
lap joint is mechanically separated by peeling (see figure 20).
3.3.6 Preplaced brazing alloy. Preplaced brazing alloy is any form
(shims, wire, rings, and so forth) of brazing alloy which is placed in a
joint prior to brazing.
4.
WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION
4.1 Scope. This section provides general requirements for the

qualification of welding procedures. Specific qualification requirements for
the categories listed below shall be as specified in 4.4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
4.2
Groove welds and fillet welds (manual, semi-automatic, automatic

and machine welding).
Fillet welds - welding over primer coated surfaces.
Weld surfacing.
Dissimilar metal welds.
Resistance welding.
Stud welding.
Welds made without adding filler material (autogenous welds).
Seal, pipe socket and tube to tube sheet welds.
Special welds.
General requirements.
4.2.1 Responsibility. When this standard is specified by the applicable

fabrication document, each activity qualifying procedures under the
requirements of this standard shall prepare written welding procedures and
14
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
perform the required tests to qualify these procedures. The activity shall
notify the authorized representative a minimum of 48 hours prior to the
conduct of procedure qualification testing and afford him the opportunity to
observe the welding of the test assemblies and the performance of the
required nondestructive and destructive testing. The 48-hour time limit may
be modified upon agreement between the authorized representative and the
activity. Such observation shall be at the discretion of the authorized
representative.
4.2.2 Certification of qualification testing. After testing, the
responsible official of the activity shall certify that the tests and the
test results meet all requirements of this standard and that the welding
procedure meets all requirements of this standard and the applicable
fabrication document. Qualification tests and data containing deviations
from requirements may be submitted for approval if such deviations are
specifically identified as deviations, and the technical justification for
each deviation is provided. Procedure qualifications previously prepared for
other Government agencies, American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), American
Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), or other established regulatory codes
may be submitted for approval to the authorized representative provided
qualification testing and approval (to the other Government agencies or
regulatory bodies requirements) occurred prior to an activity's invitation
for bid or request for proposal. Nondestructive examination requirements, as
specified in this standard but not required by other agencies, shall be
accomplished on an additional test sample or, if approved by an authorized
representative, on a production application. Such data shall be submitted
for approval as required in 4.2.3.
4.2.2.1 The qualification limitations for welding procedure qualifications
performed for other agencies shall be as specified in this standard. As an
example, a flat position ASME procedure qualification may only qualify flat
position welding in accordance with this standard.
4.2.3 Submittal for approval. Procedures are the activity's
responsibility. Prior to production application of the welding procedure,
the activity shall obtain approval (see 3.1.5) of the procedure qualification
data. This entails submittal of the welding procedure qualification test
report to the authorized representative for approval and submittal of the
corresponding welding procedure to the authorized representative for
information in accordance with the appendix.
4.2.3.1 Requirements. In addition to the general requirements covered by
the Data Item Description of the appendix the following requirements shall
also apply.
4.2.3.1.1 Welding procedure qualification test report. The welding
procedure qualification test report shall be in accordance with 4.6.1.
4.2.3.1.2
with 4.3.
Welding procedure.
The welding procedure shall be in accordance
4.2.3.2 Lot conformance testing for mechanical properties, toughness,

weldability, cleanliness, and so forth, for any filler material not
classified in table II (for example, submerged-arc welding fluxes covered by
table II, note 5) shall be also described in the submittal for approval.
15
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
4.2.4 Vendor qualification. It shall be the responsibility of each
activity to assure that its subcontractors have qualified procedures based on
approved qualification data.
4.2.5 Approval of procedure qualification for special welds. NAVSEA
approval of procedure qualification data shall be obtained for special welds
as defined in for the following areas:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Surface ship primary structure.

Submarine pressure hull structure.
Submarine intermediate pressure tanks.
P-1 and P-LT piping.
A-1, A-2, A-F and A-LT pressure vessels.
For welding processes not included in table III of this standard, the
submittal shall include a description of the welding process, joint design,
evaluation method and the proposed welding performance qualification tests.
4.2.6 Waiver of qualification. Qualification tests for welding on
assemblies, the possible failure of which is remote and would not result in
danger to the ship or components, such as identification plates, galley
equipment, furniture, fixtures, and miscellaneous outfitting may be omitted
provided this omission is permitted by the applicable fabrication document or
is approved prior to the commencement of such work.
4.2.7
Qualification levels.
4.2.7.1 General. When this standard is specified in the applicable

fabrication document, procedure qualification is required for base materials
as listed in table I, filler materials as listed in table II, welding
processes and special welds as listed in 4.2.5 except as permitted by 4.2.6
and table III. Table III may be used to extend procedure qualifications to
base material/filler metal combinations other than those specifically welded
and tested. The essential elements for welding each base material, filler
metal combinations shall be incorporated into the welding procedure and be in
accordance with the requirements of this standard and the applicable
fabrication document.
4.2.7.2 Level I. This qualification level covers the initial
qualification of any welding procedure for the fabrication welding of wrought
or cast material or the repair welding of wrought or cast material by any
activity. Approval of the required level I welding procedure qualification
shall be obtained from the authorized representative except as noted in
4.2.5. This qualification level covers any welding procedure to be qualified
by performing the destructive and nondestructive tests required by 4.5.
Qualification for fabrication welding of case or wrought material shall also
qualify for repair welding of cast or wrought material within the limits of
the qualified procedure. Qualification tests shall qualify for welding
positions as specified in 4.2.8.
4.2.7.3 Level II.
This qualification level is intended to permit
procedure approval for a variation in a procedure, as outlined in 4.8, which
has already been qualified by qualification level I. Approval of the
required level II welding procedure qualification shall be obtained from the
authorized representative. The required level II testing is as follows:
16
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
When a plate assembly is used, at least 15 inches of weld shall be inspected
by radiography and ultrasonics (when required) as specified in table VII. If
pipe is used for qualification, the largest size used in production shall be
employed but need not be greater than nominal 3 inches in diameter and shall
be inspected by radiography and ultrasonics (when required) as specified in
table VII. Where thickness or geometry is such that radiography cannot be
used, ultrasonic examination and two macro sections shall be substituted.
Inspection requirements and acceptance standards shall be as specified in
4.5.1 and 4.5.2.6. Thickness of test assembly joint design and welding
position to be used for the qualification shall be at the discretion of the
qualifying activity. As an alternate, 15 inches of production weld or the
largest size pipe used in production may be inspected by radiography and
ultrasonics (when required) as specified in table VII for level II
qualification. For weld surfacing, level I tests shall be used.
4.2.8 Welding position Qualification limits. The orientation of positions
for welding procedure qualification test assemblies shall be classified by
reference to the positions shown on figure 1. Procedure qualification test
assemblies welded in a given position shall qualify the procedure as shown in
table IV.
4.2.9 Repair of test assembly.
the following conditions:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Assemblies may be repair welded only under
The weld defects repaired are not indicative of an inadequate

weld procedure, and are representative of defects that would be
rejected by nondestructive tests required for production work.
The repair welding is representative of repair that would be
performed on production work.
No cracks, other than crater-cracks, may be repair welded.
Only one cycle of repair welding is permitted.
Test results, including a description of the nondestructive
test results which failed to meet the requirements, and repair
work performed to correct the condition, shall be submitted with
the procedure qualification test report.
4.2.10 Transferral of welding procedure qualification. Requalification of

previously qualified procedures shall be required for procedures transferred
from one activity to another.
4.2.10.1 Transfer of qualified procedures between sites of an activity
shall be governed by requirements stated in the activity's quality assurance
manual (see 3.1.3) and shall require approval by the authorized
representative.
4.2.10.2 Transfer of qualified procedures from one Navy shipyard to
another Navy shipyard shall require NAVSEA approval.
4.2.10.3 Procedures contained in NAVSEA technical manuals for specific
applications may be used without requalification provided:
(a)
The NAVSEA procedure permits use without qualification, or

authorization for waiver of qualification is obtained from
NAVSEA.
17
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(b)
(c)
(d)
4.3
Welders or welding operators are qualified in accordance with

this standard for the applicable welding.
The NAVSEA procedure is incorporated, by the activity, into a
separate written procedure which meets the requirements of this
standard and has the approval of the activity's welding
engineering representative.
The activity demonstrates its ability to produce welds, to the
satisfaction of the authorized representative, using the final
procedure.
Written welding procedure content.
4.3.1 Essential elements of a welding procedure. Unless otherwise

specified in the applicable fabrication document, the welding procedure shall
include at least the applicable essential elements listed in table V.
4.4 Specific qualification requirements. This paragraph provides the
requirements for qualification test assembly design, size, orientation, and
methods of evaluation for qualification of welding procedures for both
general applications and special applications.
4.4.1
Groove welds and fillet welds.
4.4.1.1 Base material. Qualification test assemblies shall be made using

either base materials procured to the applicable specifications referenced in
the procedure or using base materials of the same alloy type or grade
procured to alternate Government or commercial specifications. Base material
forms may consist of either plate, pipe or other material as specified in
table VI.
4.4.1.2 Test assembly size. Typical test assemblies are shown on figures
2 and 3. The size of each test assembly shall be sufficient to permit
removal of the required test specimens, or additional test assemblies shall
be welded as required, to furnish the remaining test specimens (see 4.5).
4.4.1.3 Test assembly joint design. The test assembly shall employ a butt
weld joint in accordance with MIL-STD-22 or other applicable fabrication
document. Joint design requirements for HAZ toughness testing shall be as
shown on figure 24. A test assembly for preplaced filler metal insert joints
shall include a consumable insert of the same material and shape as that to
be used in production.
4.4.1.4 Test assembly for qualification of root deposition. If
qualification is being performed for deposition of the root layer or for
depositing previously qualified fill procedures over the root layer, only the
root layer and one layer of fill material need be deposited over the root
using the procedure to be followed in production welding (see table VII, note
13).
4.4.1.5 Material thickness qualification limits. Table VI indicates the
material thickness range qualified by a specific qualification test material
thickness. Qualifications performed in accordance with 4.4.1.4 are not
subject to table VI, that is, the root deposition method is qualified
thereby, and the qualification limits of the fill pass procedure govern the
composite thickness qualification limits.
18
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
4.4.1.6 Post weld heat treatment. Test assemblies shall be subjected to
the same post weld heat treatment as that required for production weld
joints.
4.4.1.7 Joint design qualification limits. Qualification using a standard
butt joint design qualifies casting repair welding and all standard joint
designs of the applicable fabrication document or MIL-STD-22, including
fillet welds of any size and edge seal welds, subject to the restrictions
specified in 4.7.3 and 4.8.
4.4.1.8 Evaluation of procedure qualification test results. Evaluation of
procedure qualification weldments shall be in accordance with 4.5.
4.4.1.9 Use of qualified groove butt weld procedures for repair, butter
and build-up. Groove weld procedure qualification shall constitute approval
for repair, buttering and build-up with deposited metal depth limited to the
maximum thickness limitations of the procedure.
4.4.1.10 Qualification requirements for automatic/machine welding.
Welding procedure qualification tests shall meet the requirements of
4.4.1.10.1 through 4.4.1.10.3.
4.4.1.10.1 Pipe. One weld in each qualifying position shall be made on
the smallest and largest sizes (combination of diameter and nominal
thickness) to be welded in production using the procedure being qualified,
except that qualification testing employing a 5-inch diameter, 3/8-inch wall
pipe or larger, shall qualify for all larger pipe (both diameter and
thickness) within the limits of table VI. Both the small and large pipe
shall be nondestructively tested and the larger pipe shall be destructively
tested in accordance with table VII. Socket weld qualification shall be as
specified in 4.4.7.1.
4.4.1.10.2 Plate. A qualification test assembly weld of sufficient length
to provide the required test specimens shall be made to each qualifying
position. The qualification test assemblies shall be tested as required by
4.5.
4.4.1.10.3 Special automatic/machine welds.
shall be as specified in 4.2.5.
Qualification requirements
4.4.1.11 Fillet welds - welding on bare surfaces. When this standard is

specified in the applicable fabrication document, procedures for depositing
fillet welds on bare surfaces (except for piping system applications, see
4.4.7) may be qualified in accordance with figure 8. The test assembly shall
be welded with the type and largest diameter electrode to be used. Weld
quality shall be considered acceptable provided visual examination of
fractured weld surface discloses no cracks and no more than five porosity
indications (including both "wormholes" and "porosity") larger than 1/16 inch
in diameter in any 1 inch of weld. any indication larger: than 3/32 inch is
unacceptable and the test assembly shall be rejected. Fillet weld
qualifications in accordance with figure 8 are limited to those base
metal/filler metal combinations acknowledged in MIL-STD-1628. Butt weld
qualification may also qualify for fillet weld joints.
19
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
4.4.1.12 Fillet welds - welding oyer primer-coated surfaces. When this
standard is specified in the applicable fabrication document, procedures for
welding over primer-coated surfaces of S-1 materials with any process using a
previously qualified procedure shall require an additional qualification in
accordance with figure 9. The test assembly shall be welded with the type
and the largest diameter electrode to be used, Weld quality shall be
considered acceptable provided visual examination of the fractured weld
surface does not disclose more than 5 porosity indications (including both
"wormholes" and "porosity") larger than 1/16 inch diameter in any I inch of
weld. Any indication larger than 3/32 inch is unacceptable and the test
assembly shall be rejected.
4.4.2 Qualification requirements for weld surfacing. Buildup or buttering
is qualified by qualification of a groove-weld procedure. Weld cladding
shall be qualified as specified in 4.4.2.1. Hardfacing shall be qualified as
specified in 4.4.2.2. Weld surfacing qualifications shall not be limited to
a maximum thickness of base material on which to weld, except that the weld
deposit shall not exceed the thickness of the base material qualified by the
limitations of table VI.
4.4.2.1 Weld cladding for corrosion resistance. The test assemblies shall
duplicate the production cladding with respect to the base material, filler
material type, and welding positions except that base and filler material
groupings of tables I and II and the cross qualification rules of table III
shall apply. Position limitations for qualifications shall be as outlined in
4.2.8. The clad area and thickness shall be as shown on figures 4 or 5 as
applicable. Testing shall be as specified in table VII. The weld clad
surface shall be finish machined and liquid penetrant inspected. The test
assembly shall meet the acceptance standards for weld overlay class 1
(finished machined surface) of NAVSEA 0900-LP-003-8000, The macro-specimens
shall be examined and evaluated as specified in 4.5.2.6.
4.4.2.2 Hardfacing for wear resistance. The test assemblies shall
duplicate the production hardfacing with respect to the base material, filler
material type, and welding positions except that base and filler material
grouping of tables I and II shall apply. Position limitations for
qualifications shall be as outlined in 4.2.8. The hardfaced area shall be at
least 4 inches by 1 inch finished surface area of weld metal (see figure 6).
The hardfacing surface shall be machined to the finished dimensions shown on
figure 6 prior to hardness testing. Testing shall be as specified in table
VII. The hardness of any hardfacing weld deposit shall be as specified in
the applicable Military specification, commercial specification, or
manufacturer's data sheet. After hardness testing, the assembly shall be
sectioned to provide a minimum of three coupons for macro-examination in
accordance with 4.5.2.6.
4.4.3 Dissimilar metal welds. The test assembly shall be the joint design
shown on figure 7 or a standard butt Joint design as specified in the
applicable fabrication document or MIL-STD-22. The type and number of test
specimens to be removed from the test assemblies shall be as specified in
table VII. For the purposes of tables VII and VIII, the following
combinations of S-groups are not, considered to be dissimilar metal. welds
within each grouping:
(a)
(b)
S-1, S-2, S-3, S-3A, S-4, S-5, S-11A and S-11B.

S-21, S-22, S-25 and S-26.
20
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(c)
(d)
S-35, S-36A and S-36B.

S-37A and S-37B.
The range of base material thickness qualified by the test assemblies shall
be as specified in table VI. If plate is used, either longitudinal or
transverse bend testing shall be employed. If pipe is used, radiographic
inspection in lieu of bend testing shall be employed.
4.4.4 Resistance welding. Procedure qualification for resistance welding
shall be in accordance with the requirements of MIL-W-6858.
4.4.5 Stud welding.
include the following:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
Stud welding procedure qualification record shall
Intended application.
Equipment used.
Stud material and size.
Base material.
Gas shield and flow.
Timer range setting.
Maximum cable length.
Amperage range or machine settings.
Current and polarity.
Results of bending, flattening or torque testing.
4.4.5.1 Method of qualification. A minimum of 10 studs, as specified in

MIL-S-24149/1 through MIL-S-24149/6, shall be welded for each material
combination and each nominal weld base diameter to be used in production.
Five studs shall be welded in the horizontal position and.five in the
overhead position, and shall be tested as follows.
(a)
(b)
Studs shall be tested by torquing until failure using any

convenient means for applying the tensile load axially to the
stud, such as the application of a sleeve over the stud using a
washer and a nut with force being applied by a torque wrench. To
ensure that the weld is loaded primarily in tension, the threads
of the stud should be lubricated with molybdenum disulfide,
graphite base or comparable lubricant. Torque required shall be
not less than the value listed in table XVI for the stud material
and size tested except that, when failure occurs outside the weld
(in the stud or plate), the test shall be considered satisfactory
if the torque was not less than 90 percent of the table value.
As an alternate to the torque tests, studs may be tested by
bending as follows:
(1)
For carbon steel and austenitic stainless studs, hammer each

stud over until at least one-fourth of its length touches
the test plate without cracking the weld, or until the stud
fails without the weld cracking. In the case of collared
studs, remove a portion of the collar in order to permit
hammering of the stud.
21
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(2)
For aluminum (5000 series) studs, each stud shall be bent to

an angle of 15 degrees with no visible evidence of cracking
in the weld zone or shank. The device used for bending may
be similar to that shown on figure 10.
(c)
For load bearing applications add five additional studs to

be welded. Section each stud-weld junction through the
diameter along the long axis of the stud. Polish, etch and
examine the weld and HAZ under 5X to 10X magnification.
Linear indications 1/16 inch and greater in length shall be
cause for rejection.
4.4.5.2 Procedure requirements. The stud welding procedure shall contain

as a minimum the requirements listed in 4.4.5.
4.4.6 Welds made without adding filler metal. The test assembly shall
consist of a duplicate of the production welds. Each test assembly shall be
fully tested in accordance with 4.5. Where test assembly size or shape does
not permit the above, testing two macro sections may be substituted for the
destructive tests. Unless otherwise approved, the thickness qualified shall
be limited to the test assembly thickness plus or minus 10 percent.
4.4.7 Seal welds. DiRe socket welds and tube-to-tubesheet welds (except
internal tube-to-header welds in boiler components for internal tube-toheader welds, see 4.4.9).
4.4.7.1 Socket welds in pipe with nominal wall thickness less than 3/16inch, tube-to-tubesheet welds and seal welds (other than edge and fillet
type) shall be qualified by welding a test assembly (mock-up) which
incorporates the base and filler materials, and weld joint design of the
production weldment for the positions involved.
4.4.7.1.1 As a minimum the tube-to-tubesheet mock-up shall consist of 10
consecutively welded joints in each position to be qualified. The mock-up
shall simulate the production application in all aspects (that is, same tube
hole pattern, tube outside diameter (od) and wall thickness, tube sheet
thickness (except 2 inches need not be exceeded), tube hole ligaments joint
variables, number of passes, filler material diameter and any other variable
which contributes to the integrity of the joint). All mock-up variables and
any variation desired for production welding shall be identified in the
submittal.
4.4.7.2 For socket welds in pipe of thickness greater than above and edge
and fillet type seal welds, qualification shall be as above or by butt weld
qualification in accordance with section 4.
4.4.7.2.1 Fillet type seal welds in pipe with nominal wall thickness less
than 3/16-inch shall be qualified in accordance with 4.4.7.1.
4.4.7.3 For all socket welds. If the base material/filler material
combination involved is not covered by MIL-STD-1628, a butt weld
qualification in accordance with section 4 is required. This butt weld
qualification shall be in addition to the tests required for 4.4.7.1 For
automatic and machine welded socket welds, two mock-ups shall be prepared in
accordance with 4.4.1.10 and inspected in accordance with 4.4.7.5.
22
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
4.4.7.4 In vertical pipe axis or 45-degree inclined pipe axis position
socket welds, the fitting shall be on top of the pipe.
4.4.7.5 Mock-ups shall be visual and dye penetrant inspected in accordance
with 4.5 and then sectioned into 4 quadrants (each tube-to-tubesheet weld
shall be sectioned into 4 quadrants) and inspected in accordance with
4.5.2.6.
4.4.7.6 Seal weld qualification shall not be limited to a maximum base
material thickness.
4.4.7.7 Welding procedure and qualification test data for tube-to-tube
sheet welding shall be submitted for approval to NAVSEA.
4.4.8 Special welds. Special welds as defined in 3.2.11 shall be
qualified, inspected, evaluated and recorded to all applicable requirements
of this standard. In addition, for base metals and welding processes not
covered by this standard, all variables and special techniques considered
essential in producing a weld that will meet minimum material mechanical
properties and the inspection requirements of this standard shall be recorded
and submitted with the procedure to NAVSEA for approval. Refer to 4.2.5 for
approval of procedure qualification for special welds.
4.4.9 Internal tube-to-header welds in boiler components.
As a
prerequisite each activity shall have a qualified butt welding procedure for
the materials, preheat, welding process, post weld heat treatment and
positions involved. The butt weld qualification test assembly shall be at
least 5/8 inch thick. The requirements of this paragraph are applicable only
to manual welding. For other than manual welding, qualification shall be in
accordance with 4.4.8.
4.4.9.1 Qualification shall consist of welding and testing a mock-up in
accordance with the following:
(a)
(b)
The mock-up shall consist of six joints which are welded

consecutively.
Each joint shall simulate the production weld joint except:
(1)
(2)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Groove depth shall be 3/16 inch minimum.

Flat plate of the required alloy may be used.
thickness shall be at least 1 inch.
Plate
The number of weld passes for each joint shall equal the minimum
number of passes allowed for production welding.
Position of welding shall be in accordance with 4.2.8.
Root pass welds shall be inspected visually and with dye
penetrant or magnetic particle for porosity, cracks, slag and
fusion in accordance with 4.5. Reentrant angle between weld and
sidewalk shall be 90 degrees minimum and surface condition shall
be as specified in (f) below.
Completed welds shall be inspected visually and with dye
penetrant in accordance with 4.5. Root pass and final welds
shall also be inspected to the requirements of NAVSEA
0951-LP-031-8010 for size, surface condition and other
controlled attributes.
23
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
After completion of required NDT, three of the six welds shall

be macro sectioned into quadrants and the resulting surfaces
prepared and examined in accordance with 4.5.2.6(b) and (c).
At least one section of each weld shall be taken through a root
weld pass start.
The remaining three welds (and tubes) shall be machined down to
1/32 inch plus 1/32, minus 0 below the base material surface,
examined, then machined to 1/32 inch plus 0 minus 1/64 above the
original groove bottom and examined again. Examination and
preparation of machined surfaces shall be in accordance with
4.5.2.6(b).
Acceptance criteria for NDT and macro section examination shall
be based on tube wall thickness except that reinforcement shall
be 1/8 inch maximum.
Failure of either the root pass or final weld by any inspection
or test on any joint shall constitute failure of the
qualification test. For compliance with 4.2.9(d), repair of a
root pass defect shall preclude further repair.
Test failure shall require retesting of another complete (that
is, six tube joints) mock-up.
4.5 Evaluation of procedure qualification weldments. This section

provides methods for evaluation of the tests required for the qualification
welding procedures. The type and number of destructive tests required for
each assembly are shown in table VII.
4.5.1 Nondestructive tests. Prior to performing any destructive tests all
procedure qualification test assemblies shall be non-destructively tested as
required in table VII.
4.5.1.1 Visual. Visual examination shall ensure suitability of the weld
surface for performance and evaluation of the required nondestructive
testing. Grinding of weld surface is permitted to meet the acceptance
criteria of NAVSEA 0900-LP-003-8000. Titanium and titanium alloy welds and
weld beads shall exhibit a bright and shiny silvery luster.
4.5.1.2 Radiography, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant and ultrasonic.
Radiography, magnetic-particle, and liquid-penetrant inspection shall be
performed in accordance with MIL-STD-271. Ultrasonic inspection shall be
performed in accordance with MIL-STD-271. Backing bars, if employed, may be
removed and weld reinforcement ground smooth, prior to radiography and
ultrasonic inspection.
4.5.1.3 Acceptance standards. Acceptance standards for magnetic-particle,
liquid penetrant, and visual examination shall be based on the requirements
of NAVSEA 0900-LP-003-8000, class I. For acceptable visual appearance for
titanium and titanium alloy welds refer to 4.5.1.1. Acceptance standards for
radiography shall be based on the requirements of class I of NAVSEA
0900-LP-003-9000. Acceptance standards for ultrasonic testing shall be class
I of NAVSEA 0900-LP-006-3010.
4.5.2 Destructive tests. Required specimen preparation, dimensions, and
mechanical testing shell be in accordance with AWS B4.0. Test results shall
be evaluated as outlined in 4.5.2.1 through 4.5.2.6.
24
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
4.5.2.1 Transverse weld tension tests. For acceptance, transverse weld
tension test specimens shall have a tensile strength that is not less than:
(a)
(b)
(c)
The minimum specified in the applicable base material

specification. If materials of different minimum tensile
strengths are used, the strength of the weaker material governs.
The specified minimum tensile strength of the weld metal in those
cases where the fabrication documents allow the use of weld metal
of lower room temperature strength than the base materials.
The maximum yield strength specified for the weakest of the two
base materials for weldments made of materials without specified
ultimate tensile strengths (such as HY-80).
In the above cases, if the specimen breaks in the base

the weld or fusion line, the test shall be accepted as
requirements, provided the strength is not more than 5
requirements specified herein. For castings, see note
material outside of
meeting the
percent below the
I of table VII.
4.5.2.2 Weld metal tension tests. For acceptance, weld metal tension test
specimens shall meet the minimum specified mechanical properties of the
applicable filler material specification.
4.5.2.3 Guided bend tests. When guided bend tests are specified in table
VII, joints of similar materials shall be tested by transverse bends, and
joints of dissimilar materials shall be tested by longitudinal or transverse
bends.
4.5.2.3.1 Criteria for acceptance. For acceptance, the guided bend
specimen after bending shall have no cracks or other open defects greater
than 1/8 inch (except weld cladding). The maximum open defect dimension in
the cladding of corrosion-resistant weld clad bend tests shall be 1/16 inch.
Cracks occurring on the corners of the specimen during testing shall not be
considered unless there is definite evidence that they result from slag
inclusions or other internal defects. Openings in the base metal outside the
weld deposit and heat affected zone shall not be cause for rejection.
4.5.2.4 Impact test. When specified in notes to table VII, specimens
shall be prepared and tested. Weld metal Charpy V-notch specimens shall be
taken transverse to the axis of the weld groove with one surface of each
specimen not less than 1/16 inch below the finished surface of the weld after
the removal of the weld reinforcement. The length of the notch shall be
perpendicular to the surface of the weld. Base metal and heat affected zone
(HAZ) specimens shall be removed in accordance with figure 2 and figure 24.
Weld tests shall be evaluated to the requirements of the filler metal
specification. Base metal and HAZ impact tests shall be evaluated to the
requirements of the applicable base metal specification. Dynamic tear
testing shall be in accordance with ASTM E 604 and may be substituted for
Charpy V-notch testing as allowed in note 14 of table VII.
4.5.2.5 Hardness test.
accordance with 4.4.2.2.
Specimens shall be prepared and evaluated in
4.5.2.6 Macro-etch specimens. Specimens shall be removed transverse to

the weld, suitably prepared and etched to show weld cross-section, and
examined at a minimum of 5X magnification to the following requirements:
25
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(a)
(b)
(c)
Weld cladding or hardfacing. Discontinuities in the weld area

up to and including 1/32 inch in length are acceptable.
Incomplete fusion at weld/base metal interface is not permitted.
Certain wear resistant alloys are subject to fine cracking which
does not defeat the intended purpose. Accordingly, this fine
cracking will not be cause for rejection if confined to the weld
deposit.
All other welds. Discontinuities in the weld area greater than
1/32 inch or 10 percent of the thickness of the weld, whichever
is less, are unacceptable. Each cross-section shall exhibit no
cracks, except that linear or rounded conditions at the root of
partial penetration welds (including welds with backing rings or
straps that are not removed) are acceptable (unless rejectable
by (c) below) provided they do not exceed 1/32 inch in length
and adjacent linear defects are not closer than 1/8 inch. For
partial penetration welds, root conditions outside the original
joint configuration shall not be evaluated. The pipe or tube
inner diameter surface of socket and seal welds shall reveal no
evidence of melting or burn through.
Tube-to-tubesheet and tube-to-header welds. Unless otherwise
specified by the governing drawing, fabrication document, and so
forth, weld throats (minimum leakage path) of all eight faces
shall be no less than two-thirds of the specified wall
thickness. All faces shall be free of cracks.
4.5.3 Special tests. When tests, such as explosion-bulge, dynamic tear

and other tests not detailed in this standard are required, these tests will
be specified by NAVSEA and information as to methods and guidance for
performance of the require test and acceptance criteria will be provided at
that time.
4.6 Data accumulation and reporting for procedure qualification. This
section specifies the requirements for procedure qualification data reporting
to obtain approval of a welding procedure qualification test report.
4.6.1 Test report. The welding procedure qualification test report shall
include the essential elements of the welding procedure, as specified in
table V, the destructive and nondestructive test results, and the repair data
required in 4.2.9, if applicable, in sufficient detail to assure compliance
with the requirements of tables III and VI. When heat affected zone (HAZ)
Charpy V-notch (CVN) testing is performed, photomacrographs of CVN-HAZ
specimens, and notch location shall be submitted with the test report (see
figure 24). A sample for welding procedure qualification test report with
form for data accumulation is provided for guidance only (see figure 11).
The report shall contain a certification statement in accordance with 4.2.2.
4.6.2 Maintenance of records. The approved procedure qualification
reports shall be retained by the activity as long as the procedure is
applicable. Each qualifying activity shall retain the pertinent
qualification test data, destructive test specimens and nondestructive test
result reports including radiographs until written approval of the
qualification data is obtained.
26
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
4.7 Changes requiring level I requalification of procedure. New welding
procedure qualification test data shall be submitted to the authorized
representative for approval, when any of the changes listed herein are made
in the welding procedure. Changes other than those listed in this paragraph
and those listed in 4.8 for level II qualification may be made in a welding
procedure without the necessity for requalification; however, the revised
welding procedure with all changes identified shall be submitted for
information to the authorized representative. The changes specified in 4.7.1
through 4.7.8 require requalification of the welding procedure for
qualification level I.
4.7.1
Base material.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
4.7.2
Unless as shown in table III, a change from a base material

listed under one S-number in table I to a material listed under
another S-number, or to any other material not listed in table I
(unless considered a part of a group in accordance with note I of
table I).
A change in the base material thickness to a thickness outside
the limits for which the procedure was qualified (see table VI).
In plasma-arc welding when joints are made between two base
materials that have different S-numbers, requalification is
required even if the two base materials have been independently
qualified using the same procedure.
In group S-11A, a change from HY-80 steel to HY-100 steel except
as permitted by table III (see note 5, table III).
S-43 UNS number N06625 type materials require separate welding
procedure qualification.
Filler material.
(a)
Unless permitted by table III, a change from a filler material

listed under one A-number in table II to a material listed under
another A-number or to any other material not listed (unless
considered a part of a group in accordance with note 1 of table
II) except as follows:
(1)
When A-2C materials are used for joining materials with

toughness requirements that are 1/2-inch thick and greater,
a change from one group to another group as follows:
Group A - MIL-A1 and MIL-B5
Group B - MIL-B1, B2, 70S-1 through 70S-6 and 70S-8
Group C - MIL-70S-7 and MIL-70S-9
(2)
(b)
(c)
In A-2C materials, for MIL-B1 wire, a change from MIL-F4,

flux to any other flux or vice-versa.
In submerged-arc welding, a change in the type flux used, except

as permitted in table II.
In plasma-arc welding, the addition or deletion of supplementary
powdered filler metal.
27
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(d)
In plasma-arc welding or weld surfacing, a change in the form of

filler metal from solid to fabricated wire, flux cored wire,
powdered metal or vice versa.
In plasma-arc weld surfacing, a change from a homogeneous
powdered metal to a mechanical mixed powdered metal or vice versa.
For internal tube-to-header welds in boiler components.
(e)
(f)
(1)
(2)
(g)
In stud welding, a change in the nominal weld base diameter of

the stud.
For weld surfacing applications, when using the automatic or
mechanized gas tungsten-arc or plasma-arc processes, a reduction
of 10 percent or greater in the filler wire (or powder) feed rate
from that recorded in the procedure qualification record.
See table II, note 2.
For submerged-arc welding, a change in the flux trade name when
the flux is not classified in table II. Also a change in the
flux type (for example, neutral to active and vice-versa) for
multilayer welds in S-1 or S-2 materials.
(h)
(i)
(j)
4.7.3
A change in electrode coating classification, that is,

MIL-XX15 to MIL-XX16 or MIL-XX18, and so forth, and
vice-versa; or:
An increase in electrode diameter of 1/32 inch or more from
that qualified for any weld pass.
Joint design.
4.7.3.1
For full penetration joints welded from one side only:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4.7.3.2
(a)
(b)
The omission of a backing ring or backing strip.

The addition or omission of a preplaced filler metal insert,
except that welding a full penetration joint with or without a
preplaced filler metal insert qualifies also for welding joints
with a backing ring or backing strip.
Change in the shape of a consumable insert.
Change from a metal backing strip to a ceramic or other
non-metallic backing strip. Full penetration joints welded from
one side only with or without a backing ring, backing strip or
preplaced filler metal insert, also qualify for welding full
penetration joints welded from both sides and partial
penetration joints.
In tube-to-header joints for boiler components:

A 1/32 inch or more decrease in root opening from that qualified.
(Root opening is one-half the difference between nominal tube od
and nominal counterbore size.)
A decrease in included angle of 5 degrees or more from that
qualified (any beveling of the header side of the counterbore
shall also be considered as Part of the weld joint with angular
decreases of up to 10 degrees provided the root opening is at
least 1/16 inch greater than that qualified.
28
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(c)
(d)
4.7.4
Process.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
4.7.5
For tube end lands 1/16 inch and less, a decrease in tube end
land below that qualified.
An increase in counterbore depth of 1/32 inch or greater beyond
that qualified, except that qualification performed on 3/16 inch
deep counterbores shall qualify up to and including 1/4 inch deep
counterbores.
A change from one welding process to another process (shielded

metal-arc, gas metal-arc, oxyacetylene, gas tungsten-arc, flux
cored-arc, and so forth),
For gas tungsten-arc process and plasma-arc process, the addition
or omission of filler material or a change from electrically hot
to cold-wire or vice-versa. The addition of filler material at
the end of the pass to fill craters is not cause for
requalification.
A change within a process of arc-metal transfer characteristics
such as gas metal-arc spray or pulsed spray transfer to shortcircuiting arc transfer or vice versa, or electro-slag to
electro-gas or vice versa. A change to or from the pulsed arc
mode in gas tungsten-arc welding.
A change from machine/automatic to semi-automatic and vice-versa.
A change from single-arc to multiple-arc, or vice-versa, or a
change to another type of multiple-arc (for example, from series
to parallel-arc).
A change from manual to machine, automatic or semi-automatic and
vice versa.
In plasma-arc welding or weld surfacing a change in the arc from
transferred to non-transferred or vice versa.
In plasma-arc welding or weld surfacing the addition or
elimination of an oscillating motion of the torch or filler wire.
In automatic weld surfacing with oscillation the addition or
deletion of a dwell period in the oscillation.
In automatic weld surfacing a change from a simple harmonic to a
constant velocity oscillating motion or vice versa.
In plasma-arc welding or weld surfacing a change in the type or
model of welding equipment.
Electrical characteristics.
(a)
(b)
Except for a shielded metal-are process, a change in the welding

current from alternating current (ac) to direct current (dc) or
vice versa or a change in polarity.
For base metals having toughness requirements, an increase in the
heat input over that qualified. The heat input shall be by the
following formula:
Heat input (joules/inch) = Voltage x amperage x 60
travel rate (inches/minute)

Fabrication document requirements for heat input shall not be
exceeded in any case.
29
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(c)
For qualification of socket and fillet type seal weld procedures

in pipe with nominal wall thickness less than 3/16 inch, in
welding current greater than 10 percent from that used to qualify
the procedure for a specific pipe wall thickness.
4.7.6 Position. A change to a position other than one already qualified

as specified in 4.2.8 . Also a change in weld progression from vertical up to
vertical down, or vice versa, for any base material having toughness
requirements (except root pass welds which are completely removed by
backgouging).
4.7.7
Shielding gas (torch, purge gas and powder feed gas).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
A change from a mixture of gases to another mixture of gases or

to a single gas.
A change from a single gas to another gas or mixture of gases.
For the plasma arc process a change in composition or flow rate
of the orifice gas.
A change of more than 5 percent of any component non-inert gas in
gas mixture.
When using a mixed inert gas, a change of plus or minus 25
percent or 5 cubic feet per hour (whichever is larger) in the
flow rate of the minor constituents of the gas mixture.
A decrease of more than 10 percent or 5 cubic feet per hour
(whichever is larger) in the rate of gas flow below that used
during qualification for shielding gases only.
The addition or deletion of a shielding gas.
Elimination of purge gas except that purge gas may be deleted as
follows:
(1)
(2)
(3)
Welds rewelded from the reverse side.

For other than S-51 and S-53, partial penetration and fillet
welds and groove welds made with backing strips or rings.
For other than S-51 and S-53, socket welds unless
qualification was performed with socket weld joints and
purging was employed.
For S-51 and S-53 materials deletion of purging shall be as specifically

approved in the procedure qualification or as specifically allowed in the
applicable fabrication document.
(i)
(j)
4.7.8
For plasma arc keyhole welding a change in the nominal

composition of the backing (that is, purge) gas or gas mixture.
See note 8 of table II.
Beat treatment.
(a)
(b)
(c)
A decrease in preheat or interpass temperature below the minimum

temperature specified by the applicable fabrication document.
An increase in preheat o interpass temperature above the maximum
temperature specified by the applicable fabrication document
except for S-1 materials.
The addition or omission of post-weld stress-relief heat
treatment, except for S-1 materials (unless required by (e) below).
30
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(d)
(e)
A change in post-weld heat treatment outside the temperature

range specified in the applicable fabrication document for the
mate.rials involved.
For base metals and weld metals having impact requirements a
change in the post weld heat treatment temperature and time range
from that recorded in the procedure qualification record. The
procedure qualification test shall be subjected to heat treatment
essentially equivalent to that encountered during fabrication of
the weldments, including at least 80 percent of the aggregate
times at temperature.
4.8 Procedure changes requiring level II requalification. One additional

qualification test assembly as specified in 4.2.7.3 shall be welded whenever
the following changes are made to a procedure qualified under level I:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
An increase in bare electrode, rod or wire diameter, of more than

0.015 inch for gas metal-arc or more than 1/32 inch for gas
tungsten-arc and plasma-arc than that previously qualified.
An increase in covered electrode diameter of over 1/32 inch for
horizontal, vertical, and overhead welding and an increase in
diameter of over 1/16 inch for flat position welding or
horizontal fillets.
In automatic/machine or semi-automatic welding, a decrease of
more than 20 percent in the included angle of the welding groove
beyond that qualified.
A change in particle size of flux used in automatic, machine or
semi-automatic submerged-arc welding.
In tube-to-tube sheet welds, a decrease in the number of weld
passes.
In oxy-fuel gas welding, a change in the type of fuel gas employed.
A change of more than plus or minus 15 percent in the welding
current or voltage from the range qualified for automatic,
machine or semi-automatic welding.
For materials not having toughness requirements (see 4.7.6) a
change in weld progression from vertical-up to vertical-down or
vice versa (except for root pass welds which are completely
removed by backgouging).
In plasma-arc weld surfacing a change of more than 10 percent in
the powdered metal feed rate recorded in the procedure
qualification record.
In plasma-arc weld surfacing a change in the powdered metal
particle size range recorded in the procedure qualification record;
a change of 15 percent in the amount of dust (minus 325 Tyler
Screen equivalent) recorded in the procedure qualification record.
In plasma-arc welding or weld surfacing a change of 10 percent or
more in the diameter of the constricting orifice in the torch.
the welding current or voltage recorded in the procedure
31
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(m)
(n)
(o)
(p)
(q)
(r)
(s)
(t)
(u)
(v)
(w)
(x)
5.
In plasma-arc welding or weld surfacing a change of more than 5

percent in the flow rate of the plasma gas or powdered metal feed
gas recorded in the procedure qualification record.
In plasma-arc welding or weld surfacing a change of more than 15
percent in the travel speed range recorded in the procedure
In plasma-arc weld surfacing a change, of more than 10 percent in
oscillation displacement recorded in the procedure qualification
record.
the filler wire wattage recorded in the process specification.
Wattage refers to resistance heated filler wire and is a function
of current, voltage and wire stickout dimension.
In automatic weld surfacing with oscillation, a change in the
range of dwell time beyond the range qualified.
In automatic weld surfacing with oscillation, a change in the
frequency of oscillation greater than plus or minus 20 percent
beyond the frequency used for qualification.
In automatic weld surfacing by circumferential deposition, a
change in the torch offset greater than a distance which moves
the torch plus or minus 5 degrees of the circumference beyond the
offset used during qualification.
A decrease of more than 10 percent in the rate of torch shielding
gas flow.
In automatic welding or weld surfacing, the omission of selfregulating arc length or voltage control if the procedure was
qualified with such control.
For the plasma-arc process, termination of a weld made with the
keyhole technique after overlapping a completed part of the weld,
as occurs in circumferential welds or in repair welding.
For internal tube-to-header welding a change of more than plus or
minus 10 percent in the actual amperage recorded during
qualification.
For the automatic or mechanized gas tungsten-arc or plasma-arc
process an increase of 10 percent or greater in the filler wire
or powder feed rate from that recorded in the procedure
WELDING PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION
5.1 Scope. This section provides the requirements for qualification

testing of welders and welding operators. Also included are the requirements
for qualification records with suggested record format and forms for data
accumulation and reporting.
5.2
General requirements.

fabrication document, each activity shall establish that each welder and
welding operator to be employed for welding has been qualified by
demonstrating his ability to produce welds which meet the requirements of
this section. Welder or operator qualification is not required for operators
of stud welding and spot welding equipment.
32
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
5.2.1.1 Waiver of qualification tests. Qualification tests of welders
working on assemblies, the possible failure of which is remote and would not
result in danger to the ship plant or structure such as identification
plates, galley equipment, furniture, fixtures, miscellaneous outfitting, may
be omitted provided this omission is permitted by the applicable fabrication.
document or is approved.
5.2.2 Prerequisite. As a prerequisite to performance qualification, each
activity shall have qualified procedures in accordance with section 4 for all
applications for which performance qualification is intended. Although it is
essential that the welder be cognizant of the contents of the qualified
procedures, this requirement shall not be interpreted to mean that the
performance qualification must be accomplished in accordance with any
qualified procedure. Performance qualification shall be accomplished as
specified in this section. Where multiple performance qualifications are
attained as specified in 5.2.5, the welder shall be familiar with the content
of each involved procedure. If subsequent procedure qualification data
approvals are obtained for procedures for which the multiple performance
qualification of 5.2.5 would apply, the qualified welder shall be
familiarized with the contents of each new procedure.
5.2.3 Method of establishing qualification.
qualification is as follows:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Method of establishing
Each welder and welding operator shall know the workmanship and
visual inspection requirements of all fabrication documents to
which the welder will be working. To assure this knowledge,
each welder and welding operator shall be trained and tested in
accordance with a program meeting the requirements of 5.2.3.1.
Ensuring that each welder and welding operator has satisfactorily
welded the applicable performance qualification test assemblies.
Inspecting each qualification test assembly in accordance with
the requirements of this section.
Evaluating the results of either the destructive or
nondestructive tests or both in accordance with the applicable
standards unless otherwise specified in this standard.
Maintaining current records of the extent of each welder and
welding operator qualification (see 5.5.1).
5.2.3.1 Training shall be administered in accordance with a program

approved by one of the activity's MIL-STD-271 certified level III
non-destructive test examiners. This program shall include:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
A written procedure covering all aspects of training, and

associated responsibility. A copy of the procedure shall be
provided to the authorized representative for approval.
Training in workmanship and detailed visual inspection
requirements of all fabrication documents to which welding is
performed.
Examinations covering detail workmanship and visual inspection
requirements to be passed by each person with a grade of no less
than 75 percent.
Approval of items a, b, and c by the level III examiner.
33
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(e)
(f)
(g)
Maintenance of examination records for each welder or welding

operator which shall include: name, fabrication/acceptance
standards covered, date of test, and certifying signature of
test administrator.
Re-testing of each welder or welding operator every 3 years.
Auditing of the entire program by the level III examiner to
assure adequacy. Audits shall be conducted at least once in
every 2 years.
5.2.4 Alternate qualification methods. As an alternative to 5.2.3(b)

qualification requirements for welders or welding operators shall be
satisfied as follows:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Welding a production weld which is radiographically or

ultrasonically inspected and found satisfactory. Permission to
use this method of establishing performance qualification must be
obtained for each welder and welding operator from the authorized
representative prior to start of the individual's production work.
Welding satisfactory procedure qualification test assemblies
subject to the limitations of performance qualifications in
section 5.
Qualifying in accordance with the requirements of other U.S.
Government agencies, ABS or ASME within the limits imposed
this standard, provided evidence of qualification is verified
and approved.
5.2.5 Qualification limits by base material, filler metal and process.

Multiple performance qualification may be attained by qualifying as outlined
in table VIII. When radiography is used for evaluation, S-1 material may be
used except as otherwise noted in table VIII. When bend tests are used for
evaluation, the base material shall be compatible to the filler metal with
regard to weldability and shall be of comparable strength. Utilization of
commercially equivalent filler metal (see 5.6.2(a)) is permitted for
performance qualification tests.
5.2.6 Qualification limits by position and joint type. The positions and
joint types for which a test assembly qualifies are as shown in table IX.
5.2.7 Requirements for special welds. For special welds, the proposed
performance qualification program shall be included with the procedure
qualification data submitted for approval.
5.28 Repair to test assemblies. Test assemblies, other than those or
automatic and machine welding, may be repair welded under the following
conditions.
(a)
(b)
(c)
No cracks, other than crater cracks, may be repair welded.

Only one cycle of repair welding is permitted and the repair
shall be recorded on the permanent test records.
All test results, including a description of the nondestructive
test results which failed to meet the requirements shall be
recorded on the permanent test record.
34
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Qualification test assemblies for automatic and machine welding shall not be
repair welded.
5.2.9 Retests. If a performance qualification test assembly fails to meet
the applicable requirements, retests may be allowed under the following
conditions:
(a)
(b)
One retest may be made without further training for each test
assembly that failed.
Subsequent retests may be made for each test assembly that failed
to meet the requirements provided the welder or welding operator
has had at least 4 hours of training or practice designed to
correct the reasons for previous failures.
5.2.10 Transferral of qualification. Transfer of performance

qualification from one activity to another is not permitted without specific
approval by the authorized representative.
5.2.11 Maintenance of qualification. Each activity shall establish that
an active qualification status is maintained for each qualified welder, or
welding operator. This requirement pertains only to process qualification
without regard to the initial qualification limitations of 5.2.5 and 5.2.6.
Evidence of maintenance of qualification, consisting of at least one
verification of process use (that is, fabricator certification of use of
"Manual metal arc", "gas metal arc," and so forth), during each 3-month
period or calendar quarter shall be maintained.
5.2.11.1 Renewal of qualification. Renewal of qualification due to
3-month or calendar quarter lapse as noted in 5.2.11 shall be made with the
specific welding process by making only one test joint (plate or pipe) with
all the essential elements used on any one of the welder's or welding
operator's previous qualification test joints. This will reestablish the
welder's or welding operator's qualification for all conditions for which he
had previously qualified with the specific welding process. Renewal of
qualifications under all other conditions shall be in accordance with initial
qualifications required by this standard except where lesser requirements are
approved by the authorized representative.
5.2.11.1.1 Each welder and welding operator shall be re-tested every 3
years in accordance with 5.2.3(a).
5.2.11.2 Loss of qualification. Requalification is required when the
representative has specific reason to question the ability of the welder or
willing operator to make welds that meet the requirements of the applicable
fabrication document.
5.2.12 Vision test requirements. Each welder and welding operator (except
or tack, fillet, spot and stud welders) shall be required to pass an annual
vision test. Vision tests shall be conducted using standard test methods for
determining visual acuity. The standard of acceptance for vision tests shall
be natural or corrected near distance acuity such that the individual is
35
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
capable of reading J1 letters on the standard Jaeger type chart for near
vision. Other equivalent visual tests such as the Snellen chart may be
substituted for the Jaeger chart. When corrective aids are used for the
vision test, equivalent aids shall be employed in production work.
5.3
Performance qualification test requirements.
5.3.1
Manual, semi-automatic, automatic and machine welding.
5.3.1.1 Base material form, size, and thickness. Qualification tests

performed on a given base material form and thickness shall qualify as shown
in table X with limitations as indicated. Test assemblies employing butt
joint designs specified in MIL-STD-22 may be used in lieu of those on figures
14, 15 and 22 provided the thickness requirements of table X are met. Test
assemblies which simulate production assemblies may be used in lieu of those
specified in table X in which case the qualification will be limited to the
base material form and joint design employed and a thickness range of T or
0.058 inch (whichever is less) to 2T (where T is equal to the nominal
thickness of the test assembly). Test assembly evaluation shall be as
specified in 5.4.
5.3.1.2 Requirements for repair welding of castings. The performance
qualification test assemblies for repair welding of castings shall meet the
requirements specified in 5.3.1.1. Either cast or wrought base material may
be used.
5.3.1.3 Automatic and machine welding. Welding operators shall qualify
using equipment possessing control features similar to those of the equipment
which will be used to make the production welds and shall be required to set
the equipment with regard to adjustments and settings which affect the
welding characteristics and weld-bead placement. Welders qualified to a
multiple position semi-automatic process shall be qualified to
machine/automatic weld multiple positions by performing a single position
performance test using the machine/automatic process equipment.
5.3.2
Fuel gas welding.
5.3.2.1 Base material form, size and thickness. Performance qualification

tests performed on a given base material form and thickness shall qualify as
shown on figures 12 and 13 as applicable. Qualification position limitations
shall be as specified in table IX. Test assembly shall be tested and
evaluated as specified in 5.4.
5.3.3
Tack and fillet welder.
5.3.3.1 Base material form and size. Qualification tests shall conform to
the requirements of table X, test no. 8. The positions for which a test
assembly welded in a given position qualify are shown in table IX. Test
assembly shall be tested and evaluated as specified in 5.4.
5.3.3.2 Extent of qualification. Tack and filler welders shall be
qualified as required by table VIII.
36
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
5.3.4 Weld surfacing (hardfacing and corrosion-resisting). Qualification
for weld surfacing shall be obtained as permitted by table IX or alternately
by table X, test no. 9. Test assembly shall be tested and evaluated by
visual, dye penetrant and macroetch examination as specified in 5.4.
5.3.5
Seal, socket and tube-to-tubesheet welds.
5.3.5.1 Seal welds, other than edge or fillet type, socket welds in piping
with nominal wall thicknesses less than 3/16 inch, and tube-to-tubesheet
welds shall require welding, inspecting and evaluating mock-ups of the
production weld in accordance with 4.4.7 except as follows:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Qualified positions, materials and thicknesses shall be in

accordance with section 5.
Tube-to-tubesheet test assemblies shall consist of a minimum of
six joints, all of which are welded consecutively.
The requirements of 4.4.7.3 do not apply.
The smallest pipe size to be welded in production shall be used
for the socket weld test. This test shall be designated as
number 3S.
5.3.5.2 Socket welds in piping with wall thicknesses greater than in

5.3.5.1 and edge and fillet type seal welds, shall require completion of
mock-up testing as specified above or pipe butt weld qualification in
accordance with section 5.
5.3.5.2.1 Fillet seal welds in piping with wall thickness less than 3/16
inch shall require mock-up testing in accordance with 5.3.5.1.
5.3.6 Internal tube-to-header welding of boiler components. Welders shall
be qualified on a test assembly consisting of four joints which are welded
consecutively. Joint design shall simulate the production joint except as
specified by 4.4.9.1(b). S-1 material may be used. The requirements of this
paragraph apply only to manual welding. Qualification shall otherwise be in
accordance with 4.4.9. The requirements of this paragraph do not negate any
additional requirements as may be imposed by specific component fabrication
or repair documents.
5.3.6.1 Welding shall be performed under the space restrictions depicted
by figure 25. The entire space restriction assembly shall be held at 400
degrees Fahrenheit (deg. F) minimum for the entire test. The welder shall
perform all grinding and any repair weld preparation in the heated assembly.
After completion of all welding and grinding of all joints the test assembly
shall be removed and cooled as required for root and final weld NDT
inspection.
5.3.6.2 The root pass and finished welds of the test assembly shall be
non-destructively tested in accordance with 4.4.9.1(e), (f) and (i).
Undercut of 1/32-inch maximum is permissible along the plate weld toes.
5.3.6.3 After successful nondestructive testing, all four welds shall be
macrosectioned and examined in accordance with 4,4.9.1(g) and (i).
37
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
5.3.6.4
Qualification position shall be in accordance with table IX.
5.3.6.5 Failure of either the root pass or final weld by any inspection or
test on any joint shall constitute failure of the qualification test. Repair
of the test assembly as a result of a root pass defect shall preclude further
repair (see 5.2.8(b)).
5.4 Test and evaluation of qualification test assemblies. This section
provides for evaluation of test assemblies required for qualification. The
tests required for each assembly are as specified in table XI. For suggested
removal of destructive test specimens (when used), see figures 12 through 17.
5.4.1
Nondestructive inspection.
5.4.1.1 Visual examination. Visual examination shall be performed for

weld surface geometry and weld surface soundness. For titanium and titanium
alloy welds refer to 4.5.1.1.
5.4.1.2 Nondestructive test performance. Nondestructive testing shall be
performed in accordance with MIL-STD-271. Except as permitted by 5.4.1.3,
test assembly welds shall be 100 percent inspected.
5.4.1.3 Acceptance standards. Acceptance standards for magnetic-particle,
liquid penetrant, and visual examination shall be based on the requirements
of NAVSEA 0900-LP-003-8000, class I. For acceptable visual appearance of
titanium, and titanium alloy welds refer to 4.5.1.1. Acceptance standards
for radiography shall be based on the requirements of class I of NAVSEA
0900-LP-003-9000. Acceptance standards for ultrasonic testing shall be class
I of NAVSEA 0900-LP-006-3010. For plate assemblies, 1 inch of weld at each
end of the test assembly need not be evaluated.
5.4.2 Destructive tests. Required specimen preparation, dimensions, and
mechanical testing shall be in accordance with AWS B4.0.
5.4.2.1 Guided-bend tests.
4.5.2.3.1.
Acceptance standards shall be specified in
5.4.2.2 Break test. The tack and fillet welder qualification test
specimen shall be flattened in accordance with figure 16 such that the root
of the weld is in tension. The load shall be steadily increased until the
specimen fractures. The fractured surfaces shall be examined without
magnification. Evidence of cracks, incomplete root function in excess of 10
percent of the weld length, wormholes or porosity in excess of three pores
over 1/16 inch diameter in any 1 inch of fillet weld or an accumulation of
more than 10 pores in 8 inches of the test plate shall be cause for
rejection.
5.4.2.3 Macro-etch specimen. Specimens shall be extracted transversely to
the weld, prepared, and etched to show weld cross-section and examined at a
minimum of 5X magnification. Acceptance standards shall be as specified in
4.5.2.6
38
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
5.5 Data accumulation and records. This section provides requirements for
performance qualification data accumulation and maintenance of records. A
sample is provided for guidance (see figure 18).
5.5.1 Records. The welder qualification test record shall include at
least the following information:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Welder or welding operator identification (name, clock number or

social security number).
Date of test.
Qualification test number, process, position, base material type,
and filler metal type and size.
Results of qualification test.
Record of omission of space restriction when not used in pipe
tests.
Certifying signature by fabricator.
5.5.1.1 The examination specified in 5.2.3(a) shall also be maintained as

part of the welder qualification record.
5.5.2 Radiographs, test assemblies, and metallographic sections required
for welding personnel qualifications need not be retained.
5.5.3 Detailed records of maintenance of personnel qualification (see need
only be retained for the current and preceding calendar quarter.
5.6 Changes requiring requalification of welder or welding operator.
Requalification of welder or welding operator is required for the changes
specified in 5.6.1 through 5.6.7.
5.6.1 Base material. A change from one base material thickness to
thickness outside the limits specified in table X and figures 12 and 13.
5.6.2
Filler material.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
A change from a filler material listed under one A-number in

table II to a filler material listed under another A-number,
except as permitted by table VIII. Filler materials conforming
to AWS, ASTM, ASME, and so forth, classifications, and for which
there is qualified procedure (see 5.2.5), may be grouped with the
appropriate A-number of table II, and the extent of welder
performance cross-qualification by A-numbers shall be as
permitted by table VIII.
For internal tube to header weld joints, a change in electrodes
coating classification, that is, MIL-XX15 to MIL-XX16 or
MIL-XX18, so forth and vice versa.
For internal tube to header weld joints, an increase in electrode
diameter of 1/32 inch or more than that qualified for any weld
pass.
A change in the form of filler metal from solid to fabricated
wire, flux cored wire, powdered metal or vice versa.
39
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
For gas metal-arc, a change from one mode to any other mode
(spray, short circuiting, or pulsed).
For gas tungsten-arc, a change to or from the pulsed arc mode.
For plasma-arc, a change from transferred arc mode to
non-transferred arc mode and vice versa.
For plasma-arc, a change from welding to weld surfacing and vice
versa.
A change from one welding process to any other welding process
(as defined in the master chart of welding and allied processes
- AWS A3.0).
5.6.4 Position. A change to a welding position other than one already

qualified (see table IX) or a change in progression from vertical up to
vertical down or vice versa.
5.6.5
Joint design.
(a)
(b)
(c)
In full penetration butt joints welded from one side, the

omission of a backing ring or backing strip.
In full penetration butt joints welded from one side, the
omission or addition of a preplaced filler metal insert (for the
welder or welding operator who makes the root pass or root pass
plus an additional layer) except as permitted by table X.
In internal tube-to-header joints for boiler components:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(d)
A 1/32 inch or more decrease in root opening from that

qualified. Root opening is one-half the difference between
nominal tube od and nominal counterbore size.
A decrease in included angle of 5 degrees or more from that
qualified (any beveling of the header side of the counterbore shall also be considered as part of the weld joint
included angle). However, requalification is not required
for joints with angular decreases of up to 10 degrees
provided the root opening is at least 1/16 inch greater
than that qualified.
For tube end lands 1/16 inch and less, a decrease in tube
end land below that qualified.
An increase in counterbore depth of 1/16 inch or greater
beyond that qualified, except that qualification performed
on 3/16 inch deep counterbores shall qualify up to and
including 1/4 inch deep counterbores.
In full penetration butt joints, the use of a plasma-arc keyhole

technique for fusing the root pass.
5.6.6 Accessibility. For pipe welders when there is a change from a

condition of no restriction on joint accessibility to a condition of
restricted (12 inches and under) accessibility and the existing qualification
was made under no restriction (over 12 inches). Refer to figure 21 for
layout and construction of restricted accessibility qualification test
assembly positions.
40
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
5.6.7
Shielding gas.
(a)
(b)
(c)
For gas shielded-arc welding, a change from argon, helium, or

mixtures thereof to mixtures containing more than 5 percent
oxygen or more than 25 percent carbon-dioxide or to straight
carbon-dioxide and vice versa.
For plasma-arc welding, when using the keyhole technique, a
change in orifice gas from argon to mixtures of argon and helium,
or the addition of hydrogen to the orifice gas or gas mixture and
vice versa.
For flux cored arc welding, the deletion of a shielding gas.
5.6.8 Fabrication documents requirements. Welding to the requirements of

a fabrication document shall require training and testing on the requirements
of that document in accordance with 5.2.3(a).
6.
BRAZING
6.1 Scope. This section contains the requirements necessary to qualify

brazing procedures, brazers and brazing operators for applications other than
piping and pressure vessels. The requirements for piping and pressure vessel
applications are contained in NAVSEA 0900-LP-001-7000.
6.2 General requirements. The purpose of these qualification requirements
is to ensure that qualified procedures are used with adequate equipment by
properly trained personnel. Each activity performing work within the scope
of this document shall direct and supervise the necessary qualification
tests. Upon completion of all qualification tests, each activity shall
certify that the tests and test results meet all the requirements of this
standard and shall maintain records of the qualification tests, as specified
in 6.3.4 and 6.4.10. Approval of the required qualification test data shall
be obtained from NAVSEA or its authorized representative as specified in this
section. Subject to approval, procedures, brazers, and brazing operators
previously qualified to the requirements of prior issues of this document or
to NAVSEA 0900-LP-001-7000 on which qualification records are still
available, and qualifications have not lapsed, shall not require
requalification.
6.2.1 Specifications covering brazing filler metals require the following
caution label, as a minimum, to be prominently displayed in legible type on
all individually packaged units.
CAUTION
Welding, including brazing, may produce fumes and gases hazardous
to health. Avoid breathing these fumes and gases. Use adequate
ventilation.
All brazing procedures and instructions to brazers and brazing operators
should carry this or a similar statement and appropriate safety measures
should be taken o ensure that brazing is performed under optimum conditions
of ventilation.
41
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
6.3
Brazing procedure qualification.
6.3.1 Responsibility. Before any brazing is performed, each activity

shall accomplish the following:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Prepare a written brazing procedure including essential elements

as specified in 6.3.8.1.
Qualify the proposed brazing procedure by brazing test assemblies
and performing nondestructive and destructive tests in accordance
with the requirements of this section. Except as noted herein,
procedure qualification tests are not required for manual torch
brazing with base materials, brazing alloys and flux combinations
specified by table XII. Qualification tests shall be performed
for manual torch brazing procedures that specify materials not
classified in table XII and for all other brazing processes
including those listed in 6.3.1(c) which specifies heating
sources other than manual-torch.
Other brazing processes:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Mechanical-torch
Furnace
Induction
Electrical resistance
Dip brazing - salt and flux bath
6.3.2 Certification of qualification testing. After testing, the

responsible official of the activity shall certify that the tests and the
test results meet all requirements of this standard. In as much as the
activity is responsible for the quality of its work as well as that of its
subcontractors, the activity shall submit qualification tests and data of its
subcontractors only after careful review and verification of their
completeness. Qualification tests and data containing deviations from
requirements may be submitted if such deviations are identified, and the
technical justification for each deviation is provided. When brazing to the
requirements of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) code is
specified or approved, the specific component or system specifications or
approval letter shall be identified. Procedure qualification previously
prepared for other Government agencies, American Bureau of Shipping (ABS),
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), or other established
regulatory codes may be used provided qualification testing and approval (by
the other Government agencies or regulatory bodies) occurred prior to the
activity's invitation for bid or request for proposal. It is the intent of
this provision that certified qualification data acquired by these agencies
be considered acceptable proof of qualification. Such data shall be
submitted for approval as requested in 6.3.3.
6.3.3 Approval and data provision requirements. When qualification
testing is required, the activity shall submit the essential elements of the
brazing procedure and detail qualification test results to NAVSEA or its
authorized representative for approval in accordance with the appendix.
Procedures are the activity's responsibility but shall be submitted for
information. Resubmission of procedures for changes which do not involve
requalification is not required. Brazing procedure submittal does not
mitigate the performing activity's responsibility for conformance with the
requirements of this document.
42
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
6.3.3.1 Requirements. In addition to the general requirements covered by
the Data Item Description of the appendix, the following requirements shall
also apply.
(a)
(b)
Brazings procedure qualification test report. The brazing

procedure qualification test report shall be in accordance with
6.3.4.
Brazing procedure. The brazing procedure shall be in accordance
with 6.3.8.
6.3.4 Test report. The procedure qualification test report shall include
the essential elements of the brazing procedure as specified in 6.3.9 and the
results of the destructive and nondestructive tests specified in 6.3.9.
6.3.5 Maintenance of records. The approved procedure qualification
reports shall be retained by the activity as long as the procedure is
applicable. Each qualifying activity shall retain the pertinent
qualification test data, destructive test specimens and nondestructive test
result reports until written approval of the qualification data is obtained.
6.3.6 Vendor qualification. It shall be the responsibility of each
activity to assure that its sub-contractors comply with the qualification
provisions of this document.
6.3.7 Transferral of brazing procedure qualification. Requalification of
previously qualified procedures shall be required for procedures transferred
from one activity to another.
6.3.7.1 Transfer of qualified procedures between sites of an activity
shall be the same as for welding procedures (see 4.2.10.1).
6.3.7.2 Transfer of qualified procedures between Navy shipyards shall be
the same as for welding procedures (see 4.2.10.2).
6.3.7.3 Procedures contained in NAVSEA technical manuals shall be the same
as for welding procedures (see 4.2.10.3).
6.3.8
Written brazing procedure content.
6.3.8.1 Essential elements. The brazing procedure shall include the

following essential elements as applicable:
(a)
Base metal (pipe/tubing and fitting).

(1)
(2)
(3)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Type
Specification
Thickness range qualified
Brazing process (see 6.3.1(c)).

Brazing alloy specification and classification (as specified in
table XIV).
Fluxes where required - specification and type, trade or brand
designation.
43
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
(n)
(o)
(p)
(q)
Joint design.
Torch brazing - type of fuel gas.
Type of flame - that is, neutral, oxidizing, or reducing.
Furnace (atmosphere), if used.
Position of brazing.
Induction brazing - frequency and source of high-frequency
electric current.
Pre-cleaning of base metal joint surfaces - method of cleaning
joints (emery, polishing, chemical cleaning, and so forth).
Fixturing.
Placement of brazing alloy - method of applying the brazing alloy
(face feeding, insert ring, shims, and so forth).
Joint fit-up - maximum clearances.
Nondestructive testing requirements (reference to inspection
procedure of fabrication plan).
Applicable thicknesses.
For procedures involving use of minimum flux technique: fluxing
technique and internal purge requirements (if used).
6.3.9 Procedure qualification test requirements. The brazing procedure

shall be qualified where required by 6.3.1(b) as follows:
6.3.9.1 Qualification test assemblies. Base materials and brazing alloys
shall be as specified in tables XIII and XIV. The size of each test assembly
shall be sufficient to permit removal of the required test specimens. The
method used in brazing the qualification test assemblies shall be in
accordance with proposed brazing procedure. No repair of test joints is
permitted. Qualification shall be obtained for the position to be used in
production, except qualification in either the flat-flow, vertical-up flow or
horizontal-flow position shall also qualify the vertical-down flow position.
Material thickness limits are shown in table XV. Butt or scarf joints shall
qualify for lap joints and vice versa. Type and number of tests shall be as
specified in table XV.
6.3.9.2
Qualification assembly destructive test evaluation.
6.3.9.2.1 Tension test. Reduced specimens conforming to figure 19 shall

be used for tension tests, The stress shall be computed by dividing the
ultimate load of the nominal total cross sectional area of the thinnest
member comprising the joint. The tension specimen shall have as a minimum a
tensile strength that is not less than:
(a)
(b)
(c)
The specified tensile strength of the base material in the

annealed condition.
The specified tensile strength of the weaker of the two members,
in the annealed condition, if materials of different specified
minimum tensile strengths are used.
If the specimen breaks in the base metal outside of the braze,
the test shall be accepted as meeting the requirements provided
the strength is not more than 5 percent below the specified
tensile strength of the base material in the annealed condition.
44
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
6.3.9.2.2 Peel test. The peel test specimen shall conform to figure 20.
The peel specimen shall show evidence of brazing alloy along each edge.
Specimens shall be separated or peeled either by clamping "section A" and
striking the fulcrum point with a suitable tool or by clamping "section A"
and "section B" in a machine suitable for separating the sections under
tension. The separated faying surfaces of joints shall meet the following
criteria:
(a)
(b)
The total area of defects, unbrazed areas, flux inclusions, and

so forth, shall not exceed 30 percent of the total area of any
faying surface.
The sum of the lengths of the defects measured on any one line
in the direction of the lap shall not exceed 25 percent of the
lap.
6.3.9.3 Qualification assembly nondestructive test evaluation. Brazements

shall be limited to visual examination without magnification to the following
acceptance standards:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Excess braze metal. Braze filler metal in excess of that

required by (c) is acceptable provided the excess alloy does not
interfere with the function of the completed assembly.
Residual flux. Visual evidence of residual flux is not permitted
on the surface of a completed joint.
Evidence of brazing alloy on completed joints. Brazed joints
shall be considered acceptable when the total length of exposed
brazing alloy along the length or perimeter of the joint is equal
to or greater than 3/4 of the joint length.
6.3.10 Changes requiring requalification of brazing procedures. A revised

brazing procedure shall be prepared and the procedure requalified when any of
the changes specified in 6.3.10.1 through 6.3.10.7 are made (except where
qualification is not required as specified in 6.3.1). Changes other than
those specified in 6.3.10.1 through 6.3.10.7 may be made without requalifying
the procedure but must be documented in the revised procedure.
6.3.10.1
(a)
(b)
Base material.
A change from a base material classified under one P-number in
table XIII to a material classified under another P-number in
table XIII, or to any other base material not classified in table
XIII. Requalification is not required when the base material
P-numbers have been qualified for brazing in a dissimilar base
material joint. (A similar base material joint is one in which
both base materials are in the same P-number group.)
A change in base material thickness to a value outside the range
qualified in accordance with table XV.
6.3.10.2 Brazing alloy. A change from a brazing alloy classified under

one P-number in table XIV to a brazing alloy classified under another
F-number, or to a brazing alloy not classified in table XIV, except that
grade IV may be used in repairing by manual torch or induction brazing Joints
which were brazed with a brazing alloy of a different F-number, without
requalification of the procedure.
45
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
6.3.10.3 Brazing process. A change from one brazing process listed in
6.3.1(c) to another process listed in 6.3.1(c) or to a brazing process not
listed except as permitted in 6,3.1(b).
6.3.10.4
Flux.
A change in type of flux except as permitted by table XII.
6.3.10.5 Furnace atmosphere. A change in the furnace atmosphere from one

basic type to another basic type.
6.3.10.6
(a)
(b)
6.3.10.7
6.4
Induction brazing.
A change in the source of high-frequency electric current (motor
generator, resonance spark gap, vacuum tube oscillator,
transformer, and so forth).
A change in the frequency of greater than plus or minus 50
percent of the range qualified.
Position.
A change in brazing position.
Brazer and brazing operator performance qualification.

fabrication document, each activity shall establish that each brazer and
brazing operator to be employed for brazing has been qualified by
demonstrating his ability to produce sound and satisfactory joints in
accordance with this section.
6.4.2 Prerequisite. As a prerequisite to performance qualification, each
activity shall have procedures qualified in accordance with this section for
all applications for which performance qualification is intended. Although
it is essential that the brazer be cognizant of the contents of the procedure
being used for qualification, this requirement shall not be interpreted to
mean that the performance qualification must be accomplished in accordance
with the qualified procedure. Performance qualification shall be
accomplished as specified in this section.
6.4.3 Method of establishing qualification.
qualification is as follows:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Method of establishing
Each brazer and brazing operator shall know the workmanship and
visual inspection requirements of all fabrication documents to
which the brazer will be working. To assure this knowledge, each
brazer and brazing operator shall be trained and tested in
accordance with a program meeting the requirements of 6.4.3.1.
Ensuring that each brazer and brazing operator has satisfactorily
brazed the applicable performance qualification test assemblies
Inspecting each qualification test assembly in accordance with
the requirements of this section.
Evaluating the results of either the destructive or
nondestructive tests or both in accordance with the applicable
standards unless otherwise specified in this standard.
Maintaining current records of the extent of each brazer and
brazing operator qualification (see 6.4.10).
46
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
6.4.3.1 Training shall be administered in accordance with a program
approved by one of the activity's MIL-STD-271 certified level III
non-destructive test examiners. This program shall include:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
A written procedure covering all aspects of training and

associated responsibility. A copy of the procedure shall be
provided to the authorized agent for approval.
Training in workmanship and detailed visual inspection
requirements of all fabrication documents to which brazing is
performed.
Examinations covering all significant workmanship and visual
inspection requirements to be passed by each person with a grade
of no less than 75 percent.
Approval of items (a), (b), and (c) by the level III examiner.
Maintenance of examination records for each brazer or brazing
operator which shall include: name, fabrication/acceptance
standards covered, date of test, and certifying signature of test
administrator.
Re-testing of each brazer or brazing operator every 3 years.
Auditing of the entire program by the level III examiner to
assure adequacy. Audits shall be conducted at least once in
every 2 years.
6.4.4 Alternate qualification methods. As an alternative to 6.4.3(b),

qualification requirements for brazers or brazing operators shall be
satisfied as follows:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Brazing a production joint which is ultrasonically inspected by

qualified personnel and found satisfactory. Permission to use
this method of establishing performance qualification must be
obtained for each brazer and brazing operator from the authorized
representative prior to start of the individual's production
work.
By brazing satisfactory procedure qualification test assemblies.
By having been qualified by other U.S. Government agencies,
American Bureau of Shipping, or ASME, within the limits covered
by the qualification tests passed, provided evidence of
qualification is verified and approved.
6.4.5 Transferral of qualification. Transfer of performance qualification

from one activity to another is not permitted without specific approval by
the authorized representative,
6.4.6 Qualification requirements. Brazer qualification shall consist of
making a joint in the flat flow and vertical-up flow positions (see figure
23) with the thickness a minimum of 1/16 inch.
Each joint when peeled or
ultrasonically tested shall show bonding on at least 70 percent of the lapped
area. Qualification with any one base material, any one flux and any one
brazing alloy qualifies for all combinations listed in table XII for a given
process.
6.4.6.1 Brazers qualified for pipe brazing shall be considered qualified
for all other brazing within the process, material and thickness limitations
of their piping qualification.
47
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
6.4.6.2 Fabrication documents requirements. Brazing to the requirements
ok a fabrication document shall require training and testing on the
requirements of that document in accordance with 6.4.3(a).
6.4.7 Retests. If a performance qualification test assembly fails to meet
the applicable requirements, a retest may be allowed under the following
conditions:
(a)
(b)
One retest may be made without further training for each test
assembly that failed.
Subsequent retests may be made for each test assembly that failed
to meet the requirements provided that brazer or brazing operator
has had at least 4 hours of training or practice designed to
correct the reasons for previous failures.
6.4.8 Maintenance of qualification. Each activity shall establish that an

active qualification status is maintained for each qualified brazer or
brazing operator. Evidence consisting of at least one verification of
process use (that is, fabricator certification of use of "manual torch
brazing", or "induction brazing") at any time during each 3-month or
calendar-quarter period, shall be maintained. The intent of this requirement
is to cause verification of each production brazer's or brazing operator's
use of the qualified processes once in each calendar-quarter subsequent to
the quarter in which he was qualified and four times in each subsequent
calendar year.
6.4.8.1 Renewal of qualification. Renewal of performance qualification is
required (1) when a brazer or brazing operator has not used the specific
brazing process in the preceding calendar quarter, or (2) when the authorized
representative has specific reason to question the ability of a brazer or
brazing operator to make brazed joints that meet the specification
requirements. Renewal of qualification under (1) need be made on only a
single test assembly in any position and where requirements of 6.4.6 are met
renewal will reestablish the brazer or brazing operator's qualification for
the specific process for any thickness, position, brazing alloy and base
materials for which he was previously qualified unless otherwise specified by
the authorized representative.
6.4.8.1.1 Each brazer and brazing operator shall be retested every 3 years
in accordance with 6.4.3(a).
6.4.9 Requalification requirements. Requalification of brazers and
brazing operators is required for any of the following changes or conditions.
(a)
(b)
Base material. A change to a base material not listed in table

XIII except as permitted by note 1 thereto.
Brazing alloy. A change to a brazing alloy not listed in table
XIV except as permitted by note 1 thereto.
6.4.10 Test records. Qualification test records of each brazer or brazing

operator, together with identification data, shall be kept by the activity.
These records shall include the following information:
48
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Brazer or brazing operator identification (name, clock number or

social security number).
Date of test.
Process, position, base material types (P-No.) material thickness
and brazing alloy type (F-No.).
Results of qualification tests.
Record of space restrictions, if applicable.
Certifying signature by activity delegated representatives.
6.4.10.1 Detailed records of maintenance of personnel qualification (see

6.4.8) need only be retained for the current and preceding calendar quarter.
6.4.10.2 The examination of 6.4.3(a) shall also be maintained as part of
the brazer qualification record.
6.4.11 Vision test requirements. Each brazer or brazing operator shall be
required to pass an annual vision test. Vision tests shall be conducted
using standard test methods for determining visual acuity. The standard of
acceptance for vision tests shall be natural or corrected near distance
acuity such that the individual is capable of reading J1 letters on the
standard Jaeger type chart for near vision. Other equivalent visual tests
such as Snellen chart may be substituted for the Jaeger chart. When
corrective aids are used for the vision test, equivalent aids shall be
employed in production work.
7.
7.1
NOTES
Subject term (key word) listing.
Machine welding, automatic
Machine welding, manual
Machine welding, semi-automatic
Procedure, brazing
Procedure, welding
7.2 Changes from previous issue. Asterisks are not used in this revision
to identify changes with respect to the previous issue due to the
extensiveness of the changes.
Custodians:
Army- MR
Navy- SH
Preparing activity:
Navy - SH
(Project THJM-0116)
Review activities:
Army - AV, AT
Navy - OS, MC
DLA - GS
User activity:
Army - MI
49
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE I.
Grouping of base materials (welding).1
Letter Applicable
number document
Class or type
S-1
Carbon steel
ASTM A 216
WCB
ASTM A 515
Grade 55 (plate)
Grade 60 (plate)
Grade 65 (plate)
Grade 70 (plate)
ASTM A 516
Grade 70 (plate)
WW-P-404
Pipe seamless and welded
MIL-S-15083
Grade 70-36 (cast)
Grade 65-35 (cast)
Grade CW (cast)
Grade B (cast)
MIL-T-16286
Class a (tube seamless)
Class g (tube seamless)
ASTM A 178
Tubes welded
MIL-S-24093
Forgings
MIL-T-20157
Type E (tube and pipe)
MIL-S-24412
Grade HT (shape)
MIL-F-20236
Flanges, pipe
MIL-F-20670
Flanges, pipe
MIL-S-22698
Plate, bar and shapes
MIL-S-23194
Composition C (forgings)
MIL-S-23284
Class 3
Class 4
MIL-S-24238
Composition C (plate)
MIL-P-24338
Pipe
MIL-F-24339
Fittings and flanges
S-2
Quenched and tempered carbon steel
ASTM A 537
Class 2
S-3
Carbon molybdenum steel
MIL-S-870
CMo (cast)
DOD-F-24669/2 CMo class a (forgings)
CMo class b (forgings)
MIL-T-16286
CMo class d (tube)
DOD-F-24669/1 CrNi type 8620 (bar and forgings)
MIL-T-20155
CMo (tube and pipe)
S-3A Alloy steels (Cr content not to exceed 3/4 percent; total alloy
not to exceed 2 percent)
ASTM A 3
MnMo grade B (plate)
MIL-S-23194
NiCrMo Comp. A (forgings)
MIL-S-24238
NiMnMo Comp. A (plate)
See footnotes at end of table.
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE I.
Grouping of base materials (welding).1 - Continued
Letter Applicable
number document
Class or type
S-4
Alloy steels (Cr content 3/4 - 2 percent, total alloy
not to exceed 2-3/4 percent)
AMS 6530
CrNiMo, type 8630 (tube)
MIL-T-6736
CrMo, type 4130 (tube)
MIL-S-8699
CrMoV, type 4330 (bar, forging)
MIL-S-15464
CrMo class 1 (casting)
ASTM A 182
F11
ASTM A 213
Grade T11 (tube)
DOD-F-24669/1
CrMo type 4130 (bar)
MIL-P-24691/2
CrMo, grade P11 (tube and pipe)
DOD-F-24669/2
CrMo, class a (forgings)
MIL-S-18728
CrNiMo, type 8630 (plate)
MIL-S-18729
CrMo, type 4130 (plate)
S-5
Alloy steels (total alloy content 10 percent max)
ASTM A 182
F22
ASTM A 213
T22
MIL-S-860
CrMoV, grade F (forgings)
MIL-S-15464
CrMo, class 2 (casting)
MIL-T-16286
CrMo, class e (tube)
MIL-P-24691/2
CrMo, grade P22 (tube and pipe)
DOD-F-24669/2
CrMo, class b (forging)
DOD-F-24669
CrMo, (bar and forgings)
S-6
High alloy steels (martensitic)
MIL-L-24128
403 (bars, rods, forgings)
QQ-S-763
403, (bars, rods, forgings)
410
414
420
QQ-S-766
410, (plate, sheet, strip)
420
DOD-F-24669/7
403 (bars)
410
DOD-F-24669/6
403 (bars)
410
414
420
MIL-S-16993
12 percent Cr, class 1 (casting)
12 percent Cr, class 2 (casting)
S-6A High alloy steels (martensitic)
ASTM A 182
F6NM (forgings)3
ASTM A 240
410S (plate, sheet, strip)
ASTM A 473
410S (forgings)
ASTM A 487
Ca6NM (castings)3

51
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE I.
Letter Applicable
number document
Class or type
S-7
High alloy steels (ferritic)
QQ-S-763
405 (bar, shapes, forgings)
430
QQ-S-766
430 (plate, sheet, strip)
S-8
High alloy steels (austenitic)
QQ-S-763
304 (bar, shapes, forgings)
304L
309
310
316
316L
321
347
QQ-S-766
304
304L
309
310
316
316L
321
347
348
MIL-S-867
Class I (castings)
Class II
Class III
MIL-P-24691/3
304 (pipe)
304L
316
316L
321
347
MIL-T-8504
304 (tubing)
MIL-T-16286
Class c (tube seamless)
MIL-S-17509
Class I, II, III
MIL-S-23193
Composition A (304)
Composition B (348)
Composition C (316)
MIL-S-23195
304 (bar and forgings)
304L
347
348
MIL-S-23196
304 (plate, sheet, strip)
304L
347
348
52
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE I.
Letter Applicable
number document
Class or type
S-8
MIL-T-23226 304 (tube and pipe)
(Cont'd)
304L
347
348
MIL-F-23467 304 (fittings/flanges)
304L
347
348
ASTM A 743
CN-7M (castings)
ASTM A 744
CN-7MS
ASTM A 744
CN-7M (castings)
CN-7MS
S-11A
Quenched and tempered alloy steels
MIL-S-16216 HY-80 (plate)
HY-100
MIL-S-23008 HY-80 (castings)
HY-100
MIL-S-21952 HY-80 (bars)
HY-100
MIL-S-23009 HY-80 (forgings)
MIL-S-23284 Class 1
Class 2
MIL-L-24451 HY-80 (heads)
HY-100
S-11B
Quenched and tempered alloy steels
MIL-S-24371 HY-130 (plate, castings, bars, forgings,
extrusions and shapes)
S-11C
Age hardening alloy steel
MIL-S-24645 HSLA-80 (plate, sheet or coil)
S-11D
Age hardening alloy steel
MIL-S-24645 HSLA-100 (plate, sheet or coil)
S-21
Aluminum and aluminum base alloys
QQ-A-200/1
3003 (extruded bars, rods)
QQ-A-225/1
1100 (bars, rods)
QQ-A-225/2
3003 (bars, rods)
QQ-A-250/1
1100 (plate)
QQ-A-250/2
3003(plate and sheet)
WW-T-700/1
1100
WW-T-700/2
3003
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE I.
Letter Applicable
number document
Class or type
S-22 Aluminum and aluminum base alloys
QQ-A-200/6
5454 (extruded bar, rods)
QQ-A-225/7
5052 (bar, rod)
QQ-A-250/8
5052 (plate)
QQ-A-250/10
5454
QQ-A-200/5
5086 (extruded bar, rod)
QQ-A-200/4
5083
QQ-A-200/7
5456
QQ-A-250/6
5083
ASTM B 209
5086
ASTM B 209
5456
WW-T-700/5
5086 (seamless tube)
QQ-A-601
43 (castings)
214
355
356
MIL-A-21180
A356 (castings)
S-31 Copper and copper base alloys
QQ-C-576
99.9 Cu (plate, bar)
S-32 Brass
QQ-C-390
Alloy C85700 (castings)
QQ-B-637
Naval brass (alloy 464)(rod/bar/forgings
QQ-B-639
Naval brass alloy (rod, bar and forgings)
Alloy 462
Alloy 464
S-33 Silicon bronze
QQ-C-390
QQ-C-591
Alloy 655 (rod, shapes, flats)
S-34 Copper nickel
MIL-T-15005
70/30 (tube)
90/10
MIL-C-15726
70/30 (plate, bar, rod)
90/10
MIL-T-16420
70/30 (tube)
90/10
MIL-C-20159
UNS No. C96200 (castings)
C96400

MIL-F-24342
70/30 (fittings and flanges)
See footnotes fit end of table.

54
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE I.
Letter Applicable
number document
Class or type
S-35 Aluminum bronze
QQ-C-390
QQ-C-450
Alloy 606 (plate, bar)
Alloy 613, 614
QQ-C-465
(rod,bar, plate, strip, flats and forgings)
Alloy 606
Alloy 614
Alloy 642
QQ-C-390
Alloy 15
S-36A Nickel-aluminum bronze
QQ-C-390
QQ-C-465
Alloy 630 (bar/rod/plate/strip/forging)
QQ-C-390
Alloy C95400 or C95500
MIL-B-24480
Alloy 1 (castings)
QQ-C-465
Flat products/shapes/forgings
MIL-B-24480
Castings
S-36B Manganese-nickel-aluminum bronze
MIL-B-24480
Alloy 2 (castings)
S-37A Manganese bronze
QQ-B-728
Class A
Class B
QQ-C-390
Alloy C86100
Alloy C86200
Alloy C86300
Alloy C86400
Alloy C86500
S-37B Nickel-manganese bronze
QQ-C-390
Alloy C86800
S-38 Tin bronze
MIL-B-16541
Castings
QQ-C-390
Alloy C94700
S-39 Phosphor bronze
QQ-B-750
Composition A
Composition D
MIL-T-3595
Composition D (tubing)

55
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE I.
Letter Applicable
number document
Class or type
S-42 Nickel and nickel base alloys
QQ-N-281
NiCu, class A (bar, plate, rod, forging,)
Class B
MIL-N-24106
NiCu, class A (bar, rods, forgings)
QQ-N-288
NiCuSiCb, composition E (casting)
MIL-T-1368
NiCu (tubing)
MIL-T-23520
NiCu (tube and pipe)
QQ-N-288
Composition E
MIL-N-17163
NiCu (bar, rod, plate, forging, and so forth)
MIL-F-23509
S-43 Nickel-chromium iron
MIL-F-23508
ASTM B 166
Bar, rod, forging
ASTM B 564
MIL-B-15382
Bar and rod
MIL-T-23227
Tube and pipe
MIL-N-23228
Condition A (plate)
MIL-N-23229
Condition A (bar, rod, forging)
MIL-N-24271
Castings
ASTM A 494
GR CW-6MC
ASTM A 494
GR CW-6MC MOD2
ASTM B 443
UNS N06625 (plate)
ASTM B 444
UNS N06625 (pipe and tube)
ASTM B 446
UNS N06625 (bar and rod)
S-513 Titanium and titanium alloy
ASTM B 337
GR 1, 2 and 7 (seamless and welded pipe)
ASTM B 338
GR 1, 2 and 7 (seamless and welded tubing)
S-533 Titanium alloys
MIL-T-9046
Comp. AB-1 (sheet plate)
MIL-T-9047
Comp.6 (bars, forgings)
ASTM B 265
Grade 5 (sheet, strip, plate)
ASTM B 367
Grade C5 (castings)
1
2
3
If material of similar chemistry and mechanical properties is not listed

under an "S" group, it may be considered as a part of a group upon
approval.
Si = 0.40 maximum, A1 = 0.15 maximum, and Cb + Ta = 3.15 - 4.50.
Welding procedures utilizing this material require special approval from
NAVSEA.
56
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE II.
Grouping of filler materials (welding).1
Group
Applicable document
Filler material type
A-1A Low and medium carbon steel (covered electrodes)
AWS A5.1
6010
6011
60122
60132
6020
6027
70242
A-1B Low and medium carbon steel (bare rod)
AWS A5.2
Class RC-40
Class RC-45
A-2A Carbon and low alloy steel (covered electrode)
MIL-E-22200/1
MIL-7018
MIL-E-22200/6
MIL-7013
MIL-7016
MIL-E-22200/7
MIL-7010-A1
MIL-7011-A1
MIL-7018-A1
MIL-7020-A1
MIL-E-22200/10
MIL-7018M
A-2B Carbon and low alloy steel (bare electrode, rod and inserts)
MIL-E-23765/1
MIL-70S-1
MIL-70S-2
MIL-70S-3
MIL-70S-4
MIL-70S-5
MIL-70S-6
MIL-1-23413 (inserts) MIL-MS-1
MIL-MS-2
A-2C Carbon and low alloy steel (bare electrode and flux)
MIL-E-18193
MIL-A1 (wire)3
MIL-F-18251
MIL-F1 (flux)3
MIL-F3 (flux)3
MIL-E-23765/1
MIL-70S-1 (wire)3
MIL-70S-2 (wire)3
MIL-70S-3 (wire)3
MIL-70S-4 (wire)3
MIL-70S-5 (wire)3
MIL-70S-6 (wire)3
MIL-70S-7 (wire)3
MIL-70S-8 (wire)3
MIL-70S-9 (wire)3
MIL-70S-F (flux)3

57
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE II.
Grouping of filler materials (welding).1 - Continued
Group
Applicable document
A-2C
MIL-E-18193
MIL-B1 (wire)3
(Cont'd) MIL-F-19922
MIL-B20 (flux)3
MIL-B80 (flux)3
MIL-F-18251
MIL-F2 (flux)3
MIL-F4 (flux)3
MIL-E-18193
MIL-B2 (wire)3
MIL-B3 (wire)3
MIL-B5 (wire)3
MIL-F-19922
MIL-B80 (flux)3
A-2D
Low alloy steel (flux cored electrodes)
MIL-E-24403/1
MIL-70T-1
MIL-71T-1
MIL-70T-5
MIL-71T-5
MIL-70T-6
MIL-70T-8
MIL-71T-8
MIL-7lT8-Ni1
A-3A
Carbon and low alloy steel (low hydrogen covered electrodes)
MIL-E-22200/6
MIL-8015-C3
MIL-8016-C3
MIL-10015
MIL-10016
MIL-E-22200/1
MIL-8018-C3
A-3B
Carbon and low alloy steel (bare electrode)
MIL-E-23765/2
MIL-80S-3
A-3C
Carbon and low alloy steel (bare electrode and flux)
MIL-E-23765/2
MIL-80S-1 (wire)
MIL-80S-2 (wire)
MIL-80S-1F (flux)
MIL-80S-2F (flux)
A-3D
Carbon and low alloy steel (flux cored electrode)
MIL-E-24403/1
MIL-80T1-Ni1
MIL-80T1-Ni2
MIL-81T1-Ni1
MIL-81T1-Ni2
A-4A
Low alloy, high yield steel (covered electrode)
MIL-E-22200/5
MIL-10018-N14

58
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE II.
Group
Applicable document
A-5A
Low alloy, high yield steel (covered electrode)
MIL-E-22200/1
MIL-9018-M
MIL-10018-M
MIL-11018-M
MIL-E-22200/10
MIL-10018-M1
MIL-12018-M2
MIL-E-22200/9
MIL-14018-M1
A-5B
Low alloy, high yield steel (bare electrode)
MIL-E-23765/2
MIL-100S-1
MIL-100S-2
MIL-120S-1
MIL-E-24355
MIL-140S-1
A-5C
Low alloy, high yield steel (bare electrode and flux)
MIL-E-23765/2
MIL-100S-1 (wire)
MIL-100S-1F (flux)
MIL-100S-2 (wire)
MIL-100S-2F (flux)
MIL-120S-1 (wire)
MIL-120S-1F (flux)
A-5D
Low alloy, high yield steel (flux cored electrode)
MIL-E-24403/2
MIL-100TC7,8,2
MIL-100TM7,8,2
MIL-100TS7,2
MIL-101TC8,2
MIL-101TM8,2
MIL-101TS2
MIL-110TC7,8
A-6A
CrMo steel (1.0 to 2.5 percent Cr, 0.4 to 1.2 percent Mo)
(covered electrode)
MIL-E-22200/8
MIL-80XX-B2L or B2
MIL-90XX-B3L or B3
AWS A5.5
E80XX-B2L or B2
E90XX-B3L or B3
MIL-E-8697
HT-4130

59
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE II.
Group
Applicable document
A-6B
CrMo steel (1.0 to 3.0 percent Cr, 0.4 to 1.2 percent Mo)
(bare electrode, rod and insert)
MIL-1-23413
MIL-515
MIL-521
AWS A5.23
EB2
EB3
AWS A5.28
ER80S-B2L
ER80S-B2
ER90S-B3L
ER90S-B3
A-7A
CrMo steel (4.0-13.5 percent Cr, 0.4-1.4 percent Mo)
(covered electrode)
A-7A-1 MIL-E-22200/8
MIL-502-XX
MIL-502-XX-L
MIL-505-XX
A-7A-2 MIL-E-22200/8
MIL-410-XX
MIL-410-NiMoXX
A-7B
CrMo steel (4.0-13.5 percent Cr, 0.4-1.4 percent Mo)
(bare electrode, rod and insert)
A-7B-1 MIL-1-23413
MIL-505
A-7B-2 MIL-E-19933
MIL-410
MIL-410 NiMo5
A-7C
High alloy steel (ferritic) (chromium 15-18 percent)
(covered electrode)
AWS A5.4
E430
A-7D
High alloy steel (ferritic) (chromium 15-18 percent)
(bare electrode and rod)
AWS A5.9
ER430

60
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE II.
Group
Applicable document
A-8A
High alloy steel (austenitic) (covered electrode)
MIL-E-22200/2
MIL-16.8.2-XX
MIL-308-XX
MIL-308L-XX
MIL-308HC-X
MIL-309-XX
MIL-309CB-XX
MIL-310-XX
MIL-312-XX
MIL-316-XX
MIL-316L-XX
MIL-317-XX
MIL-318-XX
MIL-330-XX
MIL-347-XX
MIL-347HC-XX
MIL-349-XX
AWS A5.4
E320
A-8B
High alloy steel(austenitic) (bare electrode, rod and insert)
MIL-E-19933
MIL-3085
MIL-308L5
MIL-308HC5
MIL-3095
MIL-3105
MIL-3125
MIL-3165
MIL-316L5
MIL-3175
MIL-3185
MIL-3215
MIL-3475
AWS A5.9
ER320
MIL-I-23413
MIL-308
(inserts)
MIL-308L
MIL-310
MIL-312
MIL-316
MIL-316L
MIL-348

61
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE II.
Group
Applicable document
A-21B
Aluminum alloy (bare electrode, rod and insert)
AWS A5.10
ER-1100
MIL-I-23413 (insert)
MIL-1100
A-22B
AWS A5.10
ER-8193
ER-5356
ER-5554
ER-5556
ER-5654
MIL-1-23413 (inserts) MIL-5356
A-238
ANSI A5.10
4043
AWS A5.10
ER-4043
MIL-I-23413 (inserts) MIL-4043
A-24B
Aluminum alloy (bare electrode and rod)
AWS A5.10
ER-2319
A-31B
Copper alloy (bare electrode and rod)
AWS A5.7
ER Cu
A-32A
Copper alloy (silicon bronze covered electrode)
AWS A5.6
E CuSi
A-32B
Copper alloy (silicon bronze bare electrode and rod)
MIL-E-23765/3-1
MIL-CuSi
A-33A
Copper-tin alloy (covered electrode)
AWS A5.6E
CuSn-A
E CuSn-C
A-33B
Copper-tin alloy (phosphor bronze) (bare electrode and rod)
MIL-E-23765/3
MIL-CuSn-C
A-34A
Copper nickel (covered electrode)
MIL-E-22200/4
MIL-CuNi (70/30)
A-34B
Copper nickel (bare electrode, rod and insert)
MIL-E-21562
MIL-EN675
MIL-RN67

MIL-1-23413 (insert)
MIL-67

62
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE II.
Group
Applicable document
A-35B
Copper-zinc alloy (bare rod)
AWS A5.27
RB CuZn-A
RB CuZn-B
RB CuZn-C
RB CuZn-D
A-36.6
Copper-aluminum alloy (aluminum bronze) (bare electrode
and rod)
MIL-E-23765/3
Type CuA1-A2
A-37A
Copper-aluminum alloy (aluminum bronze) (covered electrode)
MIL-E-278
MIL-ECuA1-A
MIL-ECuA1-B
MIL-ECuA1-C
MIL-ECuA1-D
MIL-ECuA1-E
A-37B
Copper-aluminum-nickel alloys (NiA1 and MnNiA1 bronze)
(bare electrode and rod)
MIL-E-23765/3
MIL-CuNiA1
MIL-CuMnNiA1
A-38B
Surfacing alloys (bare rod) (metal powder)
MIL-R-17131
MIL-RNiCr-B
MIL-RNiCr-C
MIL-PNiCr-B-2 (powder)
MIL-PNiCr-C-2 (powder)
A-39A
Surfacing alloys (covered electrode)
AWS A5.13
ECoCr-A
ECoCr-C
A-39B
Surfacing alloys (bare rod) (metal powder)
MIL-R-17131
MIL-RCoCr-A
MIL-RCoCr-C
MIL-PCoCr-E-1 (powder)
MIL-PCoCr-E-2 (powder)
A-41A
Nickel (covered electrode)
MIL-E-22200/3
MIL-4N11
A-41B
Nickel (bare electrode, rod and insert)
MIL-E-21562
MIL-EN615
MIL-RN61

MIL-I-23413 (insert)
MIL-61

63
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE II.
Group
Applicable document
A-42A
Nickel base alloys (covered electrodes)
MIL-E-22200/3
MIL-9N10
A-42B
Nickel base alloys (bare electrode, rod and insert)
MIL-E-21562
MIL-EN605
MIL-RN60
MIL-1-23413(insert)
MIL-60
A-43A
Nickel base alloys (covered electrode)
MIL-E-22200/3
MIL-1N12
MIL-3N12
MIL-4N12
MIL-4N1A
MIL-8N12
MIL-8N12H
A-43B
Nickel base alloys (bare electrode, rod and inserts)
MIL-E-21562
MIL-EN625
MIL-RN62
MIL-EN825
MIL-EN82H
MIL-RN82
MIL-RN82H
MIL-EN6A
MIL-RN6A
MIL-EN6255
MIL-RN625
MIL-1-23413 (inserts) MIL-62
MIL-82
MIL-82H
A-44A
Nickel-cobalt alloys (covered electrodes)
MIL-E-22200/3
MIL-3N1B
MIL-3N1C
MIL-4N1W
MIL-3N1N
MIL-3N1L
A-51B
Titanium-unalloyed (bare electrode)
AWS 5.16
ER-Ti-1
ER-Ti-2
ER-Ti-3
A-53B
Titanium base alloys (bare electrode)
AWS 5.16
ER Ti-6A1-4V
ER Ti-6A1-4V-1
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
If filler material of similar chemistry and mechanical properties not

listed under an A-group is to be used, it may be considered as a part
of a group upon approval.
Separate procedure qualification required, see 4.2.5 and 4.7.2.
Flux-wire combination shall be used as indicated (that is, MIL A-1 wire
qualified with MIL-FL flux is also qualified for MIL-F3 flux). Other
flux-wire combinations shall require separate procedure qualification
tests.
Procedure qualification limited to 1T of test plate thickness for
production groove welds. Overlay production use limited to 1/2T of
qualification test plate (see 4.4.1.9).
To be used with neutral flux when used with the submerged arc process.
A neutral flux is defined as being one that does not readily oxidize the
alloying elements or add significant alloy to the weld.
Deposition technique using ECoCr-A must yield a surface hardness of Rc35
minimum.
Use in any position other than that specified for qualification testing
in MIL-E-24403/2 for this electrode shall require separate qualification
and NAVSEA approval.
Use of any shielding gas other than that specified for qualification
testing in MIL-E-24403/2 for this electrode shall require separate
qualification and NAVSEA approval.
TABLE III.
Grouping of base/filler materials for welding procedure

cross-qualification.127
Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
Filler material11
categories4
Ferritic materials/shielded metal arc process514
S-11B S-11B A-5A (MIL-14018 only)

1 through 6,
13, 17 through
19 and 24
S-11B S-11A-2 A-5A (MIL-1401 or 12018) 2 through 6,
13, 17 through
19 and 24
S-11B S-11D A-5A (MIL-14018 or 12018) 3 through 6,
13, 17 through
19 and 24
S-11B S-11A-1 A-5A (MIL-14018, 12018,

4 through 6,
or 10018)
13, 17 through
19 and 24
S-11B S-11C A-5A (MIL-14018, 12018,

5, 6, 13, 17
or 10018)
through 19 and
24

65
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

cross-qualification.127 - Continued
Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
Filler material11
categories4
Ferritic materials/shielded metal arc process (continued)
6
S-11B
S-2
A-5A or the A-3A or
6, 13, 17
S-1
A-2A electrodes
through 19 and
specifically permitted
24
by MIL-STD-1681
7
S-11A-2 S-11A-2 A-5A (MIL-12018 only)
7 through 19
and 24
8
S-11A-2 S-11D A-5A (MIL-12018 only)
8, 11 through
19 and 24
9
S-11A-2 S-11A-1 A-5A (MIL-12018 or 10018) 9 through 13,
15 through 19
and 24
10
S-11A-1 S-11A-1 A-5A (MIL-12018 only)
10, 11, 13, 16
through 19 and
24
11
S-11A-1 S-11D A-5A (MIL-12018 or 10018) 11 through 13,
15 through 19
and 24
12
S-11A-2 S-11C A-5A (MIL-12018 or 10018) 12, 13, 16
S-11A-A
through 19 and
24
13
S-11A-2 S-2
10A-5A (MIL-12018) or
13, 17 through
10018); or A-3A
19 and 24
or
S-11A-1 S-1
A-2A electrodes
by MIL-STD-1688 or
MIL-STD-1689
14
S-11D
S-11D A-5A (MIL-12018 only)
14 through 19
and 24
15
S-11D
S-11C A-5A (MIL-12018 or 10018) 15 through 19
and 24
16
S-11C
S-11C A-5A (MIL-10018)
16 through 19
and 24

66
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
Filler material11
categories4
17
S-11D
S-2
10A-5A (MIL-12018 or
17 through 19
10018);
and 24
or
S-11C
S-1
A-3A or A-2A electrodes
by MIL-STD-1689
18
S-2
S-2
10A-3A or A-2A
18, 19 and 24
(MIL-7018A1 or 7018 or
7016)
19
S-2
S-1
10A-3A or A-2A
19 and 24
(MIL-7018A1 or 7018 or
7016)
20
S-3A
S-3A
10A-3A or A-2A
20 through 24
(MIL-7018A1)
21
S-3A
S-3
10A-3A or A-2A
21 through 24
S-1
(MIL-7018A1 or 7018 or
7016)
22
S-3
S-3
10A-3A or A-2A
22 through 24
(MIL-7018A1 or 7018 or
7016)
23
S-3
S-1
10A-3A or A-2A
23 and 24
(MIL-7018A1 or 7018 or
7016)
24
S-1
S-1
A-2A
24
25
S-5
S-5
10A-7A-1 or A-6A
25 through 29
26
S-5
S-4
10A-7A-1 or A-6A
26 through 29
27
S-5
S-3
10A-6A or A-3A or A-2A 27 and 29
(MIL-7018A1 or 7018 or
7016)
28
S-4
S-4
A-6A
28 and 29

67
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
Filler material11
categories4
29
S-4
S-3
10A-6A or A-3A or A-2A 29
(MIL-7018A1 or 7018 or
S-1
7016)
30
S-6
S-6
A-7A-2 (MIL-410XX only)
30
31
S-6
S-6
A-7A-2 (MIL-410 NiMo XX
31 through 33
only)
32
S-6
S-6A
32 and 33
only)
33
S-6A
S-6A
33
only)
Ferritic materials/gas tungsten-arc, gas metal arc and plasma-arc processes
1
S-11B
S-11B
A-5B (MIL-140S-1 only)
1 through 6,
13, 17 through
19 and 24
2
S-11B
S-11A-2 A-5B (MIL-140S-1 or
2 through 6,
120S-1)
13, 17 through
19 and 24
3
S-11B
S-11D
A-5B (MIL-140S-1 or
3 through 6,
120S-1)
13, 17 through
19 and 24
4
S-11B
S-11A-1 A-5B (MIL-140S-1 or
4 through 6,
120S-1 or 100S-1)
13, 17 through
19 and 24
5
S-11B
S-11C
A-5B
5, 6, 13, 17
through 19 and
24
6
S-11B
S--2
10A-5B; or A-3B or A-2B 6, 13, 17
S-1
types specifically per- through 19 and
mitted by MIL-STD-1681
24
7
S-11A-2 S-11-A-2A-5B (MIL-I-120S-1 only) 7 through 19
and 24

68
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
Filler material11
categories4

(continued
8
S-11A-2 S-11D
8, 11 through
19 and 24
9
S-11A-2 S-11A-1 A-5B (MIL-120S-1 or
9 through 13,
100S-1)
15 through 19
and 24
10
S-11A-1 S-11A-1 A-5B (MIL-100S-1 only)
10, 11, 13, 16
through 19 and
24
11
S-11A-1 S-11D
A-5B (MIL-120S-1 or
11 through 13,
100S-1)
15 through 19
and 24
12
S-11A-2 S-11C
A-5B (MIL-120S-1 or
12, 13, 16
100S-1)
through 19 and
24
S-11A-1
13
S-11A-2 S-2
10A-5B (other than
13, 17 through
MIL-140S types); or A-2B 19 and 24
S-11A-1 S-1
types specifically per-
mitted by MIL-STD-1688
or MIL-STD-1689
14
S-11D S-11D
14 through 19
and 24
15
S-11D S-11C
A-5B (MIL-120S-1 or
15 through 19
or 100S-1)
and 24
16
S-11C S-11C
16 through 19
and 24
17
S-11D S-2
10A-5B (other than
17 through 19
MIL-140S types); or A-3B and 24
S-11C S-1
or A-2B types specifi
cally permitted by
MIL-STD-1689

69
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
Filler material11
categories4

(continued
18
S-2
S-2
10A-3B or A-2B
18, 19 and 24
19
S-2
S-1
10A-3B or A-2B
19 and 24
20
S-3A
S-3A
10A-3B or A-2B
20 through 24
21
S-3A
S-3
10A-3B or A-2B
21 through 24
S-1
22
S-3
S-3
10A-3B or A-2B
22 through 24
23
S-3
S-1
10A-3B or A-2B
23 and 24
24
S-1
S-1
A-2B
24
25
S-5
S-5
10A-7B-1 or A-6B
25 through 29
26
S-5
S-4
10A-7B-1 or A-6B
26 through 29
27
S-5
S-3
10A-7B-1 or A-6B
27 and 29
S-1
or A-3B or A-2B
28
S-4
S-4
A-6B
28 and 29
29
S-4
S-3
10A-6B
29
or A-3B or A-B
30
S-6
S-6
A-7B-2 (MIL-410 only)
30
31
S-6
S-6
A-7B-2 (MIL-410 NiMo
31 through 33
only)
32
S-6
S-6A
A-7-2 (MIL-410 NiMo only) 32 and 33
33
S-6A
S-6A
33
only)

70
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
Filler material11
categories4
Ferritic materials/Submerged-arc process
1
S-11A-2 S-11A-2 A-5C (MIL-120S-1 wire
1 through 13
and 1F flux)
18
2
S-11A-2 S-11D
A-5C (MIL-120S-1 wire
2, 5 through 13
and 1F flux)
and 18
3
S-11A-2 S-11A-1 A-5C (MIL-120S-1 wire
3 through 7, 9
and 1F flux or
through 13 and
100S-1 wire and

18
1F flux)
4
S-11A-1 S-11A-1 A-5C (MIL-100S-1 wire
4, 5, 7, 10
and 1F flux)
through 13
and 18
5
S-11A-1 S-11D
5 through 7, 10
and 1F flux or
through 13 and
100S-1 wire and

18
1F flux)
6
S-11A-2 S-11C
6, 7, 10
and 1F flux or
through 13
S-11A-1
100S-1 wire and
and 18
1F flux)
7
S-11A-2 S-2
10A-5C (MIL-120S-1 wire 7, 11 through
S-11A-1 S-1
and 1F flux or 100S-1
13 and 18
wire and 1F flux) or A-3C
or A-2C wire and flux
specifically permitted by
MIL-STD-1688 or
MIL-STD-1689
8
S-11D
S-11D
8 through 11.
and 1F flux)
and 18
9
S-11D
S-11C
9 through 13
and 1F flux or
and 18
100S-1 wire and
1F flux)

71
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
Filler material11
categories4
Ferritic materials/Submerged-arc process - Continued
10
S-11C
S-11C
10 through 13
and 1F flux)
and 18
11
S-11D
S-2
10A-5C (MIL-120S-1 wire 11 through 13
S-11C
S-1
and 1F flux or 100S-1
and 18
wire and 1F flux) or
A-3C or A-2C wire and
flux specifically
permitted by
MIL-STD-1689
12
S-2
S-21
12A-2C
12, 13 and 18
13
S-2
S-1
A-2C Unless qualified by 13 and 18
category 12, see note12
14
S-3A
S-3A
A-3C
14 through 17
15
S-3A
S-3
A-3C
15 through 17
S-1
(qualification
with A-2C
qualifies
categories 15
through 18
with A-2C)
16
S-3
S-3
A-3C
16 through 17
(qualification
with A-2C
qualifies
categories 16
through 18
with A-2C)
17
S-3
S-1
A-3C
17 (quali
fication
with A-2C
qualifies
categories 17
and 18 with
A-2C)

72
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
Filler material11
categories4
Ferritic materials/Submerged-arc process - Continued
1318
S-1
S-1
A-2C
18
19
S-6
S-6
19 through 21
only)9
20
S-6
S-6A
20 and 21
only)9
21
S-6A
S-6A
21
only)9
Ferritic materials/flux cored-arc process
1
S-11A-1 S-11A-1 A-5D
1 through 7
and 12
2
S-11A-1 S-11C
A-5D
2 through 7
and 12
3
S-11A-1 S-2
10A-5D; or A-2D or 3D
3, 5 through
S-1
electrodes specifically 7 and 12
permitted by MIL-STD-1688
or MIL-STD-1689
4
S-11C S-11C
A-5D
4 through 7
and 12
5
S-11C S-2
10A-5D; or A-2D or A3D 5 through 7
S-1
electrodes specifically and 12
permitted by MIL-STD-1689
6
S-2
S-2
10A-2D or 3D
6, 7, and 12
7
S-2
S-1
10A-2D or 3D
7 and 12
8
S-3A
S-3A
A-3D
8 through 12
9
S-3A
S-3
10A-2D or 3D
9 through 12
S-1
10
S-3
S-3
10A-2D or A-3D
10 through 12
11
S-3
S-1
10A-2D or A-3D
11 and 12

73
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
B
Filler material11
categories4
Ferritic materials/flux cored-arc process - Continued
12
S-1
S-1
A-2D
12
Austenitic stainless steel to ferritic materials/shielded metal-arc
1
S-8
S-11B
A-8A (MIL-309 or MIL-310 1 and 4
S-11A
types only)
S-11D
S-11C
2
S-8
S-513
S-4
types only)
3
S-8
S-3/3A13A-8A (MIL-309 or MIL-310 3 and 4
types only)
4
S-8
S-2
S-1
types only)
Austenitic stainless steel to ferritic materials/gas tungsten-arc,
gas metal-arc and plasma-arc
1
S-8
S-11B
A-8B (MIL-309 or MIL-310 1 and 4
S-11A
types only)
S-11D
S-11C
2
S-8
S-513
S-4
types only)
3
S-8
S-3/3A13A-8B (MIL-309 or MIL-310 3 and 4
types only)
4
S-8
S-2
S-1
types only)

74
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
B
Filler material11
categories4
Austenitic stainless steel to ferritic materials/submerged arc
1
S-8
S-11B
S-11A
types with neutral flux
S-11D
only)
S-11C
2
S-8
S-513
S-4
types only)
3
S-8
S-3/3A13A-8B (MIL-309 or 310
3 and 4
types only) with
neutral flux
4
S-8
S-2
S-1
only) with neutral flux
Copper-nickel and nickel base alloys/shielded metal-arc15
1
S-34
S-34
A-34A
1 through 6
2
S-34
S-43
A-43A or A-42A
2 through 6
3
S-34
S-42
A-42A or A-34A
2 through 6
4
S-42
S-42
A-42A
3 through 6
5
S-42
S-43
A-43A or A-42A
5 and 6
615 S-43
S-43
A-43A
6
Copper-nickel and nickel base alloys/gas metal arc, gas tungsten
and plasma-arc15
1
S-34
S-34
A-34B
1 through 6
2
S-34
S-43
A-43B or A-42B
2 through 6
3
S-34
S-42
A-42B or A-34B
2 through 6
4
S-42
S-42
A-42B
3 through 6
5
S-42
S-43
A-43B or A-42B
5 and 6
6
S-43
S-43
A-43B
6

75
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
B
Filler material11
categories4
Copper nickel and nickel base alloys to ferritic material/shielded metal-

arc
1
S-34
S-11B
A-42A or A-43A9
1 and 4
S-42
S-11A
S-43
S-11D
S-11C
2
S-34
S-513 A-42A or A-43A
2 and 4
S-42
S-4
S-43
3
S-34
S-3
A-42A or A-43A9
3 and 4
S-42
S-3A13
S-43
4
S-34
S-2
A-42A or A-43A9
4 and 1
S-42
S-1
S-43
Copper nickel and nickel base alloys to ferritic materials/gas
tungsten-arc, gas metal-arc, plasma-arc.
1
S-34
S-11B
A-42B or A-43B9
1 and 4
S-42
S-11A
S-43
S-11D
S-11C
2
S-34
S-513 A-42B or A-43B9
2 and 4
S-42
S-4
S-43
3
S-34
S-3
A-42B or A-43B9
3 and 4
S-42
S-3A13
S-43
4
S-34
S-2
A-42B or A-43B9
4 and 1
S-42
S-1
S-43
Copper-nickel and nickel base alloy to austenitic materials/
shielded metal-arc
1
S-34
S-8
A-43A
1 through 3
2
S-42
S-8
A-43A
2 through 3
3
S-43
S-8
A-43A
3

76
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
B
Filler material11
categories4
Copper nickel and nickel base alloys to austenitic materials/gas metal

arc, gas tungsten-arc and plasma-arc
1
S-34
S-8
A-43B
1 through 3
2
S-42
S-8
A-43B
2 through 3
3
S-43
S-8
A-43B
3
Brass and bronze alloys/shielded metal arc
1
S-32
S-32
A-37A
1
S-37A
S-37A
Brass and bronze alloys/gas metal-arc, gas tungsten-arc and
plasma-arc8
1
S-32
S-32
A-36B
1
S-35
S-35
S-36A
S-36A
S-37A
S-37A
A-37B
S-37B
S-37B
2
S-36B
S-36B
A-37B
1 and 2
S-32
S-35
S-36A
S-37A
S-37B
3
S-33
S-33
A-32B
2
S-32
S-36A
S-37A
S-37B
4
S-38
S-38
A-32B
3
S-39
A-33B
S-32
S-33
S-35
S-36A
S-37A
S-37B

77
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE III.

Base material3
Qualified for
Category
A
B
Filler material11
categories4
Brass and bronze alloys/oxy-acet.
1
S-32
S-32
A-35B
1
S-37A
S-37A
Aluminum materials/gas metal-arc, gas tungsten-arc and plasma-arc
2
S-22
S-22
A-22B or A-23B
1 through 3
S-25
S-25
2
S-26
S-26
A-23
2 through 3
S-25
S-22
S-21
3
S-21
S-21
A-21B
36
S-22
S-25
S-26
1
2
5
6
7
8
See 4.7 for limitations on applications for qualification coverage.

Procedure qualification for any base material-filler material
combination within a material group or within the limits specified in
this table shall constitute approval for repairing, buildup, or overlay
other than cladding for corrosion resistance.
Procedure qualification with any material listed in column A with any
material listed in column B qualifies all the material combinations in
that category. For example, under category 6 for ferritic material/
shielded metal-arc, qualification of S-11B to S-1 or S-2, also qualifies
S-11A2 or S-11A1 to S-1 or S-2 (category 13) and also categories 17, 18,
19 and 24.
Qualification on one material within an S-group qualifies for welding
all materials in that S-group except as follows: For groups S-4 and
S-5, qualification for all materials within these groups applies only
when these materials are welded in the annealed or normalized and
tempered conditions. When any one of these base materials are welded in
a quenched and tempered condition, separate qualification is required.
However, qualification using any one of these materials in the quenched
and tempered condition shall also qualify for welding all of the
materials in the S-group in the annealed or normalized and tempered
condition.
The split of S-11A into S-11A-1 (HY-80) and S-11A-2 (HY-100) applies
only to this table for purposes of weld procedure cross qualification.
For groups S-21, S-22, and S-25, qualification covers only the qualified
temper and those of lower strength.
Base metal/filler metal combinations not listed in table III require
separate procedure qualification.
If the S-36A material is to be post-weld temper-annealed, A37B filler
materials shall be used.
78
MIL-STD-248B
10 March 1989
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Filler materials A-43A and A-43B apply only for S-43 base materials to
materials in column B.
The higher number A-group material qualifies the lower number A groups
material but not vice-versa.
In all instances where A-5A, B or C filler materials are listed, the
higher strength materials are only qualified when the original
qualification was performed using the same (or higher) strength filler
material. For example, under shield metal-arc, category 4, use of
MIL-12018 would qualify MIL-12018 and MIL-10018 in category 5 but not
MIL-14018.
Separate qualification of this category is required when the base
material and filler material both have toughness requirements and
thickness exceeds 1/2-inch.
The higher number S-group material in column B of this category
qualifies the lower number S-group but not vice-versa. For this purpose
S-3A is higher than S-3.
MIL-11018 of MIL-E-22200/1 qualifies MIL-10018 and vice-versa.
S-43, UNS number N06625 type material requires separate qualification.
TABLE IV.
Welding procedure qualification position limitation.1456
Positions used during
Positions to be
qualification (see figure 1)
Forms of base
qualified
material qualified(grooves and fillets) Using plate

Using pipe
(weld-axis)
Plate, castings, All positions

Vertical2 Horizontal-fixed
and forgings,
23 pipe (5G)
Flat and vertical

Vertical
Horizontal-fixed
pipe
Flat and horizontal Horizontal Vertical-fixed pipe
(2G)
Flat and overhead

Overhead
Horizontal-fixed
pipe
Flat
Flat
Horizontal-rolled
pipe (1G)
Horizontal fillets
only

79
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE IV.
Welding procedure qualification position

limitation.1456 - Continued
Positions used during
Positions to be
qualification (see figure 1)
Forms of base
qualified
material qualified(grooves and fillets) Using plate

Using pipe
(weld-axis)
Pipe
All positions
Vertical2 Horizontal-fixed
pipe3
Horizontal-fixed
Vertical
Horizontal-fixed
pipe and horizontal-

pipe
rolled pipe
Vertical-fixed pipe Horizontal Vertical-fixed pipe
and horizontal
rolled pipe
Horizontal-rolled
Flat
Horizontal-rolled
pipe
pipe
1
2
3
4
5
6
Automatic pipe welding qualification shall be performed on pipe or other

cylindrically shaped material forms listed in table IV.
For semi-automatic gas metal-arc welding using the pulsed spray-arc or
short circuiting-arc process the horizontal position for plate and the
vertical-fixed position for pipe must be run to qualify for all
positions. However, only non-destructive testing as specified for level
no. II qualification shall be required for the horizontal plate and the
vertical-fixed position pipe.
The 45 degree inclined position (6G) may be substituted for horizontal
fixed pipe position.
When welding in the vertical plane, in either plate or horizontal fixed
pipe, welding shall be in the up direction, (except in automatic pipe
welding where direction of rotation, required by the procedure, shall be
qualified).
See table II note 7.
(a) Except as specified below, the addition of other welding positions
than already qualified for weld surfacing for corrosion resistant
and hardsurface applications. Qualification in the horizontal,
vertical, or overhead position shall qualify also for the flat
position. Qualification in the horizontal fixed position, 5G,
shall qualify for the flat, vertical, and overhead positions.
Qualification in the horizontal, vertical, and overhead positions
shall qualify for all positions. Qualification in the inclined
fixed position, 6G, shall qualify for all positions.
(b) For tube-to-tubesheet welding, a change in the position, 6G, shall
qualify for all positions.
(c) An activity who does production welding in a particular orientation
may make the tests in this particular orientation. Such
qualifications are valid only for the position actually tested,
except that an angular deviation of plus or minus 15 degrees is
permitted in the inclination of the weld axis and the rotation of
the weld face.
80
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Arc-welding1
ManualSemi-automaticAutomatic3Fuel gas
and machine welding
Base, material5
Specification and type or

X
class or chemical analysis,
Thickness, and condition
Filler material
Specification, type or chemical X
analysis, diameter, wire or
powder
Flux
Specification, size, type

X
Base material cleaning

X
Applicable joint designs
(reference or sketches)
X
Process
X
Machine, model or type

X
Electrical characteristics6
current, arc voltage range,

X2
X
polarity
Travel speed
-6
-6
Position (including progression X
vertical up or down)
Torch type
X4
X
X
Torch
tip
size
only
Torch shielding gases
Type and flow rates

X4
X
Purge gases
Type and flow rates

X
Postheat treatments
X
Preheat and interpass

X
X
temperature limits
Torch oscillation
(amplitude, and frequency

-
and dwell)
Torch position
(relative off-set form

vertical center-line in
horizontal-rolled position)
Electrode lead or trail angle
(wire feed angle)

Gas cup size

X
(GTAW
only)
See footnotes at top of next page.

81
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
1
The following shall also be specified as essential elements:

(a)
(b)
2
3
4
5
6
Details of current slope, if used.

For the gas tungsten arc process, detailed description of pulsed
welding current, if used, including all pulsed current and voltage
parameters which can be varied by adjustment of pulsed power supply
controls; manufacturer and model number of pulsed power supply.
(c) For the gas metal arc process, a description of pulsed welding, if
used, including current, average voltage, peak pulse voltage and
pulse frequency.
(d) For semi-automatic welding, filler metal feed rate, except when
feed rate is controlled by amperage and amperage is set by the
welder.
(e) Trade name (that is, manufacturer and manufacturer's designation)
and generic description of ceramic or non-metallic backing
material, if used.
(f) For hot wire feed, the hot wire amperage and voltage.
(g) For automatic and machine welding; (1) filler material feed rate;
(2) type of arc length or voltage control; (3) for gas metal-arc
and flux cored-are, the gas cup to work distance and contact tube
to work distance; and (4) for submerged arc welding, the contact
tube to work distance.
(h) For S-51 and S-53 materials trailing shield description,
composition and flow rates; also inspection and detailed acceptance
criteria for color of each weld bead.
Except for arc voltage.
For all automatic welding, the machine settings which control voltage,
current, timing, travel speed, filler material feed rate and where
applicable torch oscillation (including dwell, frequency and amplitude)
shall be recorded for each procedure to be used. For automatic pipe
welding, the setting for each pipe size to be welded in production shall
be required.
For plasma-arc process and gas tungsten-arc process.
See base material restriction in table VII, note 2. The welding
procedure shall specify this restriction for each specific material
affected.
Heat input requirements shall be specified for base materials with
toughness requirements. Combination limits of amperage, voltage and
travel speed shall be specified for the ranges of each parameter.
Equivalent means of limiting heat input (for example, nomographs or for
shielded metal-arc, bead length methods) are permissible. Simple
reference to a formula is unacceptable.
82
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE VI.
Welding procedure qualification material thickness limits.

1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9
Pipe3
Test material thickness (T)
Thickness (T) qualified
1/8 inch to and including 3/8 inch 0.058 inch to 2T6
Over 3/8 inch

1/8 inch to unlimited
Other5
Less than 3/4 inch

T or 1/8 inch (whichever is less) to 2T
3/4 inch and greater but less than 3/16 inch to 2T
3 inches
3 inches or greater
3/16 inch to unlimited
3
4
When qualifying pipe using plate test assemblies, the test material
thickness and qualified thickness limits specified for pipe shall
govern. When qualifying plate using pipe test assemblies, the test
material thickness and qualified thickness limits specified for plate
shall govern.
T-nominal thickness. For clarification, the thickness limits (T) are
as follows:
(a) Butt joint: T is the nominal thickness of the pipe or plate. For
materials of different thicknesses, T is the nominal thickness of
the thinner member.
(b) Fillet and socket joint: T is the thickness of the throat of the
welded joint.
(c) Full penetration tee joint: T is the thickness of the web member.
(d) Pipe boss and partial penetration tee or butt joint: T is the
depth of the groove. If the weld from the second side overlaps
that of the first side, T is the thickness of the web member or the
butt joint member.
(e) Hull penetration: T is the thickness of the hull plate.
(f) Weld deposited pads and repairs: T is the depth of weld deposit;
however, there is no lower thickness limit.
Not applicable to root layer qualification (see 4.4.1.5) or to
autogenous welds (see 4.4.7).
The maximum thickness qualified shall be 1.10 times the thickness of the
test assembly for any of the following conditions:
(a) When the weldment requires quenching and tempering.
(b) When single pass welding is used.
(c) When weld pass thickness is greater than 1/2 inch.
(d) When welding pipe using an automatic process.
(e) When the short circuiting mode of gas metal-arc welding is used.
Other includes all material other than pipe (such as structural plate,
shapes and castings).
83
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
6
Thickness qualified may be extended below 0.058 inch by welding a test

assembly of the production thickness (less than 0.058 inch). For socket
and fillet seal weld qualifications performed on pipe with wall
thickness in the range of 0.058 to 3/16 inch the minimum wall thickness
qualified shall be 10 percent below the pipe wall thickness welded.
If more than one process is used in a single joint, the processes shall
be used in welding the qualification test assembly, unless the processes
have been previously qualified and no changes specified in 4.7 have been
made. For multiple processes the qualified thickness of each process
shall not be additive in determining the maximum thickness of the
production joint to be welded. One or more processes may be deleted
from a production joint qualified by a combination of processes provided
each remaining process has been qualified within the limits specified
by 4.4 and 4.7 for each of the processes to be used in the production
joint. Similarly, more than one process may be used in a single
production joint provided each process has been qualified either
separately or in combination with other processes. However, the root
layers up to a thickness of 3/16 inch shall be deposited with the same
process used in the qualification of the root layers. A change in
sequence of the processes used does not require requalification.
When the production application is for thicknesses of 1/2 inch and
greater and the material is one requiring impact testing (such as S-11
materials), the qualification test assembly shall be of sufficient
thickness and size to permit preparation of impact test specimens (see
(see table VII, note 2).
Where qualification is performed on a base material without toughness
requirements and cross qualification is permitted for materials having
toughness requirements, welding of the materials with toughness
requirements shall be limited to material thicknesses less than 1/2 inch
when greater thicknesses are otherwise qualified.
TABLE VII.
Welding procedure qualification assembly test requirements.
Destructive testing1
Nondestructive testing
23451415
15161921
Macro-
Liquid
Ultra
Material
numberTensile Guided etch Radio- pene-Magneticsonic
types
group 6 bends7813graphic trantparticle20
Carbon-steelS-1
-
X
X
Quenched andS-2
-
X
X
tempered
S-3/3A
2
-
X
X
carbonS-4
-
X
X
steel
Alloy steel S-5
-
X
X
High alloy S-6
-
X
X
steels
S-6A
2
-
X
X
S-7
-
X
X
S-8
X
X
Quenched andS-11A
2
-
X
X
tempered
S-11B
2
39
-
X
X
alloy steel

Age harden- S-11C
2
-
X
X
ing alloy
steels

84
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE VII.
Welding procedure qualification assembly test

requirements. - Continued
Destructive testing1
Nondestructive testing
23451415
15161921
Macro-
Liquid
Ultra
Material
numberTensile Guided etch Radio- pene-Magneticsonic
types
group 6 bends7813graphic trantparticle20
Aluminum andS-21
2
X

Aluminum
S-22
2
X

base alloysS-25
2
S-26
2
Copper and S-31

2
X

copper baseS-32
2
X

alloys
S-33
2
S-34
2
S-35
2
S-36A
2
S-36B
2
S-37A
2
S-37B
2
S-38
2
S-39
2
Nickel and S-42

2
X

nickel baseS-43
2
X

alloys
Titanium andS-51
2
317
2
X

titanium
S-53
2
317
2
X

alloys
Dissimilar
2
110
2
X

metals
Weld/clad-
X

ding, cor-
rosion-res-
isting11
Hardfacing,
X

wear res-
isting12
Manual tube-
1218
X
X

to-header
welds18
The mechanical properties of test weldments for cast materials shall

meet the minimum requirements of the applicable base material
specification, except when the base material is shown, by actual
testing, to have lower values. In this case these lower values may be
used to evaluate and accept the mechanical property test results of the
weldment, provided:
(a)
(b)
The actual tensile properties of the weldment are equal to at least

90 percent of the values in the applicable base material
specification.
The bend angle of the test weldment specimen is equal to or greater
than that attained with the base metal test specimen.
85
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
2
Charpy impact tests shall be performed under any of the following

conditions:
(a)
(b)
For production welding of 1/2 inch and over in material thickness

when both the base metal specification and the filler metal
specification have impact requirements (except when the production
application is for weld cladding).
For production welding of 1/2 inch material thickness in
bi-metallic joints where both base metals and the filler metal
specifications have impact requirements.
Where qualification was performed on base material without specified

toughness requirements and cross qualification is permitted for
materials having toughness requirements, welding of materials with
toughness requirements shall be limited to 1/2-inch thickness.
3
4
See 4.4.7.1 and 4.4.9.1.

When required for the testing of specimens taken from thick test
assemblies, the reduced section tensile specimens and the side bend
specimens shall be cut into multiple specimens as permitted by AWS
B4.0.
When Charpy impact tests are required by note 2 above, sets of five
impact specimens shall be prepared from the weld metal, sets of three
impact specimens shall be prepared from the heat affected zone (HAZ)
of each base metal and sets of three impact specimens shall be prepared
from the non-affected area of each base metal. Base material and HAZ
impact test data is not required for S-11 (HY-80/100 or HY-130 or
HSLA-80/100 only) or S-1 (MIL-S-22698 only) materials. When more than
one set of specimens for the weld metal is required each set shall
represent a different weld depth level with one set taken from the test
assembly midthickness. When double beveled butt weld test assemblies
are employed, weld metal impact specimens shall be removed from each
side of the joint (that is, at least two specimens from each side).
Specimens shall be prepared as specified below:
Thickness
1/2 to 2 inch incl.
Over 2 to 4 inch incl.
Over 4 inches
Minimum
sets of specimens
Weld HAZ B.M.
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
Minimum
no. of specimens
Weld HAZ B.M.
5
10
15
3
3
3
3
3
3
Base metal and HAZ specimens shall be prepared in accordance with figure 24.
6
Tensile tests shall be transverse weld tensile specimens (round or

reduced section). For S-11 materials welded to themselves or to each
other and S-51 and S-53 base materials welded to themselves or to each
other which are 3/4 inch and over in thickness, tensile tests shall
include two transverse weld tensiles and two all weld tensiles; when
double bevel butt weld test assemblies are employed, one all weld metal
tensile specimen shall be removed from each side.
86
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
When side bends are required for a given material and the test thickness
is less than 3/4 inch, two root bends and two face bends may be tested
in lieu of side bends. If the procedure is for full penetration pipe
butt joints welded from one side without backing rings or preplaced
inserts, root bends with the root surface in the as welded condition
(that is, no machining, grinding, and so forth) are required when the
root is welded without the addition of filler metal or without internal
inert gas purge.
Acceptance standards shall be as specified in 4.5.2.6.
Use a 3T bend for S-11B base material.
See 4.4.3.
Liquid penetrant inspection required (see 4.4.2.1) prior to destructive
testing. Chemical testing for corrosion-resistance shall be performed
only when specified in the applicable fabrication document.
Hardness testing is required for hardfacing for wear resistance as
specified in 4.4.2.2.
To perform qualification for root layer deposition and for depositing
previously qualified fill procedures on root layers, in accordance with
4.4.1.4, four macro-etch specimens shall be examined and shall meet the
requirements of 4.5.2.6 in lieu of radiographic, tensile and bend
tests. If the procedure is for full penetration pipe butt joints welded
from one side without backing rings or preplaced inserts, root bends
with the root surface in the as welded condition (that is, no machining,
grinding, and so forth) are required (in addition to the macro-etch
specimens) when the root is welded without the addition of filler metal
or without internal inert gas purge.
Dynamic tear testing as specified in ASTM E 604 may be substituted for
Charpy V-notch when the material specification (base or filler) provides
for dynamic tear testing.
Only visual and liquid penetrant examination of the weld surface and two
macro-etch specimens in accordance with 4.5.2.6 shall be required where
test assembly thickness is 0.058 inch or less.
Visual inspection of all test assemblies shall be performed prior to
other nondestructive testing.
Bend tests shall meet the requirements of the applicable material
specification. Unless otherwise authorized by NAVSEA, a bend radius of
8T shall be used for those specifications not requiring bend tests.
See 4.4.9.
Inspect 100 percent of weld when radiographic or ultrasonic inspection
is specified.
Ultrasonic inspection shall be performed on material 1 inch thick and
greater in accordance with 4.5.
Use of the gas metal arc-short arc process for groove weld qualification
of any material shall require UT inspection of the test assembly in
addition to all other tests and inspections. Where thickness is below
that allowed by MIL-STD-271 for normal UT inspection, six transverse
macro-specimens shall be substituted for UT inspection.
87
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE VIII.
Grouping of filler metals and process combinations for welder

or welding operator (performance qualification).1
Category for which tests

Category2
Filler metal group5
qualify welder3
Shielded metal arc
1
A-5A
1 through 3
2
A-2A, 3A, 4A, 6A, 7A1, 7A2
2 and 3
3
A-1A
4
A-8A, A-43A
5
A-34A, 41A, 42A, 43A
Category2
Filler metal group5
Gas metal-arc
Gas tungsten-
6
arc, plasma-
arc6
1
A-5B
1 through 2
1 through 2
2
A-1B, 2B, 3B, 6B, 7B
2
2
3
A-8B, A-43B, A-7B-2
3
3
4
A-34B, 41B, 42B, 43B
4
4
5
A-31B, 32B, 33B, 35B, 36B, 5
5
37B
64 A-21B, 22B, 23B, 24B

6
6
Category2
Filler metal group5
Submerged-arc6
1
A-5C
1 through 4
2
A-2C, A-3C
1 through 4
3
A-8B
1 through 4
4
A-34B, A-41B, A-42B, A-43B 1 through 4
5
A-7B-2
1 and 5
Category2
Filler metal group5
Flux-cored-arc6
1
A-5D
1 and 2
2
A-2D
1 and 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
For hard surfacing, a welder qualified on test number 9 with any hard
surfacing filler metal is qualified to hard surface using any filler
metal within the limit of the welding process used for qualification.
See 5.2.5.
Welder and welding operator qualification within the filler metal
categories shown in table VIII may be applied for welding similar, as
well as dissimilar base metal combinations with qualified welding
procedures.
On S-21 through S-26 base material.
See table II.
For automatic machine welding a welding operator qualified to weld with
one qualified procedure is also qualified to weld in accordance with
other qualified procedures, using the same welding process and
equipment.
88
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE IX.
Performance qualification - position limitations.16911
Position and type weld qualified
1478910
Qualification test
Groove
Fillet
Plate and pipe

Plate
Weld
Position
over 24 inches od Pipe and pipe
Plate - groove3
1G
F
F2 F
2G
F,H
F2 F,H
3G
F,V
F2 F,H,V
4G
F,O
F2 F,H,O
3G and 4G
F,V,O
F2 All5
2G, 3G, and 4G
All
F2 All
Plate - fillet
1F
...
... F2
2F
...
... F,H2
3F
...
... F,H,V2
4F
...
... F,H,O2
3F and 4F
...
... All2
Pipe - groove
1G
F
F
F
2G
F,H
F,H F,H
5G
F,V,O
F,V,OAll
6G
All
All All
2G and 5G
All
All All
Pipe - Fillet
1F
...
... F
2F
...
... F,H
2FR
...
... F,H
4F
...
... F,H,O
5F
...
... All
2
3
4
5
6
Positions of welding as shown on figure 1.

F = Flat
H = Horizontal
V = Vertical
O = Overhead
Pipe 2-7/8 inch od and over.
Including weld surfacing.
Including seal welds.
Where the gas metal-arc welding process is to be qualified in all
positions the horizontal position is also required.
In special cases when production welding is to be done in a particular
orientation intermediate to those shown on figure 1, the welder
qualification may, if the organization desires, be made in an
intermediate position with the limitation that the qualification shall
be valid for the actual position tested with an angle tolerance of plus
15 degrees in incline to 0 degrees on the flat or horizontal axis.
89
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
7
8
Socket welds and tube-to-tubesheet welds excluded.

See 5.3.5 for qualification tests for socket welds, tube-to-tubesheet
welds and seal welds other than edge or fillet type. See 5.3.6 for
qualification tests for internal tube-to-header welds in boiler
components.
9 The plasma-arc process, using the keyhole technique, must be for each
position of welding to be used in production.
10 Qualification on plate with an automatic welding process shall qualify
that process on pipe over 24 inches od.
11 When qualifying for welding in the vertical plane in either plate or
horizontal fixed-pipe, welding shall be in the up direction. Welding
vertical down shall require a separate qualification test (see 4.7.6
and 4.8) except that automatic, 50 position pipe qualification employing
360 degree uninterrupted progression qualifies such progression for
the passes involved.
TABLE X.
Performance qualification test limitations.712
Form of base
Thickness of base
Required qualification
material qualified
material to be qualified
test assembly
Plate
Castings, forgings
0.058 inch and greater1 Test no. 1 or 29
and shapes
(figures 12 or 14)
Pipe23456
0.058 inch to 2T1
Test no. 3 or 59
(figures 15 and 22)
0.058 inch or greater

Test no. 4 or 69
(figures 15 or 22)
Pipe or plate
All thicknesses
Test no. 88
(figure 16 for track
and fillet welds)
Pipe or plate
All thicknesses
Test no. 9 (figure 17
for weld surfacing
only)
Pipe or plate10
See footnote11
Test no. 10 (figure 26)
Performance qualification for thicknesses under 0.058 inch may be

accomplished by welding a thinner test piece similar to test number 1, 3
or 5, as applicable, using a qualified -thickness range of T to 2T where
T is the test plate thickness. Also, performance qualification can be
accomplished on thicknesses 0.058 inch or greater but less than the
specified qualification test assembly thickness and the qualification
range will be 0.058 inch to 2T. The minimum thickness shall be 10
percent below the nominal pipe wall thickness welded for socket and
fillet seal weld qualifications performed with manual or semiautomatic
processes on pipe with wall thickness in the range 0.058 to 3/16 inch.
90
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
2
Welders qualified to either test numbers 3, 4 or the fill portions of

test number 5, 6 or 10 shall be considered qualified to weld (with the
process employed) all types of pipe joints except for the root, or root
plus one layer in preplaced filler metal insert root butt joints and
full penetration butt joints welded from one side with no backing ring
or preplaced insert.
3 A welder or welding operator may perform only part of the preplace
filler metal insert or other root performance qualification test, that
is, just the root, root plus one layer or subsequent layers, but he
shall be qualified only for that part of the insert joint he actually
made during qualification testing. Qualifications for welding the root
only or root plus one layer are not subject to the thickness limitations
of this table.
4 Qualification test numbers 3 or 4 will qualify for root connections,
fillets, bosses, and partial penetration welds except for the insert
root or insert .root plus one layer of preplaced filler metal insert
root butt joints and all full penetration butt joints welded from one
side with no backing ring or preplaced insert. See 5.3.5 for
limitations.
5 Qualification test numbers 5 or 6, that is, insert root and fill
portions, will qualify for use of the processes employed for all joint
types, except for full penetration butt joints welded from one side with
no backing ring or preplaced insert.
6 Qualification on a pipe test shall qualify the same thickness for plate
welding.
7 Qualified welders are also qualified as tack and fillet welders.
8 Welders qualified on test number 8 are qualified as tack and fillet
welders.
9 For full penetration butt joints welded from one side with no backing or
preplaced insert, the weld joint design used for performance
qualification shall be that used for procedure qualification.
10 Performance qualification test, no. 10 plasma-arc welding, keyhole
technique, will qualify other processes used for the remainder of the
weld for all joint types, except for full penetration butt joints,
welded from one side with a root gap and no backing ring or with a
preplaced insert.
11 Qualification with joint-A, figure 26, qualifies plasma-arc, keyhole
technique welds on plate up to 1/4 inch thickness for square butt joints
and up to 3/16 inch land for groove welds. Maximum plate thickness
qualified with joint-B will depend on accessibility of plasma arc torch
into weld groove. Weld groove, can be modified to use a compound angle
to permit plasma-arc welding in plate thicknesses greater than 3/4 inch.
12 See 5.3.5 for tube-to-tubesheet welds, seal welds and socket welds. See
5.3.6 for internal tube-to-header welds for boiler components.
91
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE XI.
Performance qualification test evaluation requirements.
Test assembly
Evaluation requirements123456
Test no. 1 or 2A or 2B (figures Radiography or bend tests
12 and 14)
Test no. 3 or 3B (figure 15 or Radiography or bend tests7
13
Test no.4 (figure 15)

Radiography of bend tests7
Test no. 5) (figure 22)

Radiography7

Radiography7

Break test

Radiography or bend tests7
Automatic/machine pipe assembly (a) Butt: radiography7
(b) Fillets: PT and two macro-etch
specimens
Automatic/machine plate assemblyRadiography
Manual tube-to-header weld8

Dye penetrant or magnetic particle and
(figure 25)
macro-etch examinations
Weld surfacing test no. 9

Macro-etch examination and dye penetrant
(figure 17)
Special weld
As proposed in procedure qualification
submittal
Pipe socket welds

See 5.3.5
Tube-to-tubesheet welds, seal
welds
1
2
3
4
Visual evaluation shall be made on each test assembly. For titanium and
titanium alloy welds see 5.4.1.1.
Ultrasonic inspection, when performed and evaluated in accordance with
NAVSEA 0900-006-3010 for welds in plate and MIL-STD-271 for welds in
pipe may be substituted for radiographic inspection. Class I acceptance
standards from NAVSEA 0900-006-3010 shall be used.
See 5.2.5.
Radiography of pipe shall be 360 degrees. Radiography of plates shall
be the entire length, except that 1 inch on each end of the weld will
not be evaluated. Acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with
NAVSEA 0900-0,93-9000, class 1.
92
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
5
Use of the gas metal arc-short arc process for groove weld qualification
of any material shall require UT inspection of he test assembly in
addition to all other tests and inspections. Where thickness is below
that allowed by MIL-STD-271 for normal UT inspection, six transverse
macro-specimens shall be substituted for UT inspection.
When the qualification test consists of root layer only or root plus one
layer, four macro-etc specimens shall be evaluated to the requirements
of 4.5.2.6 in lieu of radiography or bend tests. When joint is welded
without addition of filler metal or without internal purge, root bends
as described in note 7 are also required.
When the qualification is for joints welded from one side without
backing rings or preplaced inserts, root bends with the root surface in
the as welded condition (no machining, grinding, and so forth) are
required when the root is welded without the addition of filler metal or
without internal inert gas purge.
See 5.3.6.
TABLE XII.
Material combinations and brazing alloy requirements.4
Material (P-no.)
Material P-101 P-102 P-107

P-108
P-110 P-111
(P-no.)
2
3
2
1
2
3
P-1012 F-101 F-102 F-101

F-101
F-101 F-101
P-1023 F-102 F-102 F-102

F-102
F-102 F-102
P-1072 F-101 F-102 F-101 or F-101 or F-101 F-101
F-103
F-103
P-1081 F-101 F-102 F-101 or F-101 or F-101 F-101
F-103
F-103
P-1102 F-101 F-102 F-101

F-101
F-101 F-101
P-1013 F-101 F-102 F-101

F-101
F-101 F-101
1
2
3
4
Aluminum bronze materials require special aluminum bronze brazing flux

as specified in O-F-499, type A (Handy and Harman Special Flux Type A-1
or equivalent).
Flux shall conform to type A or B or equivalent of O-F-499.
Grade V alloy shall be used for any brazed joint where one or both of
the metals joined is stainless steel.
F-103 brazing alloys shall not be used on ferrous alloys, nickel base
alloys or stainless steel.
94
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE XIII.
Grouping or base materials for brazing procedure

and performance qualification1
Group
Specifications
Type of material
P-101 Ferrous alloys with chromium content less than 0.90 percent
MIL-S-24093
Carbon steel
MIL-P-24691/1
Carbon steel
MIL-S-22698
Carbon steel
WW-P-404
Carbon steel
P-102 Ferrous alloys with chromium content 0.90 percent or greater
MIL-P-24691/3
Type 304, 316, 321 and 347
MIL-S-23195
Type 304 and 347
MIL-T-23226
Type 304 and 347
QQ-S-763
Class 304, 316, 321 and 347
QQ-S-766
Class 304, 316, 321 and 347
P-107 Copper alloys with aluminum content less than 0.50 percent
MIL-T-15005
Copper nickel
MIL-C-15726
Copper nickel
MIL-T-16420
Copper nickel
MIL-T-20168
Brass
MIL-T-20219
Brass
MIL-T-24107
Copper
QQ-B-626
Brass
QQ-B-637
Naval brass
QQ-B-639
Naval brass
QQ-B-728 (class A)
Manganese bronze
QQ-B-750 (comp. A and D)

Phosphorous bronze
MIL-T-24107
Copper
WW-T-799
Copper
QQ-C-390 (alloys 903 and922)Tin bronze
P-108 Copper alloys with aluminum content 0.50 percent or greater
QQ-C-390
Aluminum bronze
MIL-B-24480
Nickel aluminum bronze
MIL-B-24480
QQ-C-450
QQ-C-390
Aluminum bronze
QQ-C-450
Copper aluminum alloy
QQ-B-728 (class B)
Manganese bronze
QQ-C-465
Copper aluminum alloys 606,
614, 630, and 642
See footnote at end of table.

94
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE XIII.
Grouping or base materials for brazing procedure

and performance qualification1
Group
Specifications
Type of material
P-110 Nickel alloys with chromium content less than 1 percent
MIL-T-1368
Nickel copper
MIL-N-17163
Nickel copper
MIL-T-23520
Nickel copper
QQ-N-281
Nickel copper
QQ-N- 88 (comps. A and E)

Nickel copper
P-111 Nickel alloys with chromium content 1 percent or greater
MIL-B-15382
Nickel chromium iron
MIL-T-23227
MIL-N-23228
MIL-N-23229
MIL-N-24114
For purposes of qualification, alloys classified under identical ASME

P-numbers or alloys having similar chemical compositions may be included
in the categories listed above when approved.
TABLE XIV.
Groupings of brazing alloys for procedure and

performance qualification.1
Group
Specification
Alloy classification AWS classification
F-101
QQ-B-654
Grade IV
BAg-1a
Grade VII
BAg-1
F-102
QQ-B-654
Grade I
BAg-5
Grade II
Grade V
BAg-3
Grade VIII
BAg-2
F-103
QQ-B-654
Grade III
BCuP-5
QQ-B-650
FS B CuP-2
BCuP-2
FS B CuP-3
BCuP-3
FS B CuP-4
BCuP-4
If brazing alloys of similar chemistry and mechanical properties not

listed under a F-number group are to be used, they may be considered as
a group upon approval.
95
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE XV.
Type and number of test specimens required and range of

thickness qualified (brazing procedure qualification).
Thickness t, of test
Over 3/8
sample as brazed (in)

t to 3/8 to 3/4
Over 3/4
Range of thickness of materials 1/2t to 2t 3/8 to 2t 3/4 to 2t
qualified by test, inches
Type and number of tests required
Reduced section tension
Peel1
Ultrasonic testing may be used in lieu of peel testing.
TABLE XVI.
Axial load and torque values for procedure qualification.12
Carbon steel
UNC, NC class 2A
UNF, NF class 2A
Stud
Minor
Axial
Torque
Minor
Axial
Torque
size
dia. load, lbs in-lbs

10
0.1379
745
15
0.1508
895
20
1/4
.1876
1380
39
.2052
1655
51
5/16
.2431
2320
85
.2603
2660
104
3/8
.2970
3465
154
.3228
4090
190
7/16
.3485
4770
249
.3749
5520
310
1/2
.4041
6410
389
.4374
7515
493
5/8
.5119
10298
790
.5554
12115 1009
3/4
.6255
15365 1442
.6718
17725 1786
7/8
.7368
21320 2356
.7858
24250 2858
.8646
28020 3550
.8960
31525 4237
1-1/8
.9475
35255 5011
1.0210
40935 6269
1-1/4 1.0725
45178 7268
1.1460
51570 8865

96
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
TABLE XVI.
Axial load and torque values for procedure qualification.12
Corrosion resistant steel
UNC, NC class 2A
UNF, NF class 2A
Stud
Minor
Axial
Torque
Minor
Axial
Torque
size

10
0.1379
1192
25
0.1508
1432
32
1/4
.1876
2208
62
.2052
2648
82
5/16
.2431
3712
135
.2603
4256
166
3/8
.2970
5544
247
.3228
6544
316
7/16
.3485
7632
399
.3749
8832
496
1/2
.4041
10256
622
.4374
12024
789
5/8
.5119
16464 1264
.5554
19384 1615
3/4
.6255
24584 2307
.6718
28360 2858
7/8
.7368
34112 3770
.7858
38800 4573
.8646
44832 5680
.8960
50440 6779
Aluminum (5000 series)
UNC, NC class 2A
UNF, NF class 2A
Stud
Minor
Axial
Torque
Minor
Axial
Torque
size

10
0.1379
522
11
0.1508
627
14
1/4
.1876
966
27
.2052
1159
36
5/16
.2431
1624
59
.2603
1862
73
3/8
.2970
2426
108
.3228
2863
139
7/16
.3485
3339
175
.3749
3864
217
1/2
.4041
4487
272
.4374
5261
345
Torque calculated using minimum thread diameter (root of threads) and

following tensile strengths:
Carbon steel
CRES
Aluminum
50,000 lb/in2
80,000 lb/in2
35,000 lb./in2
Use of studs having minimum diameters other than those listed or of
materials not listed will require calculation of appropriate torque

based on actual diameter and minimum required tensile strength for the
stud and stud material involved. Such calculations shall be submitted
with the procedure qualification data.
2
If austenitic corrosion resistant steel studs are welded to carbon steel

plate, the torque values for carbon steel studs may be used.
97
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
102
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
104
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Metal Welded Test Plate.]

105
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
106
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
107
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
108
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Fuel Gas Welding (Plate).]

110
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Welding (Pipe).]
111
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Welding (Pipe).]
113
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Welders.]
114
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Surfacing.]
115
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Lap-Type Joints.]
117
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
118
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Accessibility Qualification Test Assembly Positions.]

119
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
Welding (Pipe).]
120
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
121
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
123
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
124
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
125/126
MIL-STD-248D
10 March 1989
APPENDIX
DATA REQUIREMENTS
10.
DATA
10.1 Data requirements. When this standard is used in an acquisition

which incorporates a DD Form 1423, Contract Data Requirements List (CDRL),
the data requirements identified below shall be developed as specified by an
approved Data Item Description (DD Form 1664) and delivered in accordance
with the approved CDRL incorporated into the contract. When the provisions
of DoD FAR Supplement, Part 27, Sub-Part 27.475-1 (DD Form 1423) are invoked
and the DD Form 1423 is not used, the data specified below shall be delivered
by the contractor in accordance with the contract or purchase order
requirements. Deliverable data required by this standard are cited in the
following paragraphs.
Paragraph no.
Data requirement title
Applicable DID no.
Option
4.2.3, 6.3.3
Certification/data report
UDI-A-23264
----
(Data item descriptions related to this standard, and identified in section

6 will be approved and listed as such in DoD 5010.12-L, AMSDL. Copies of
data item descriptions required by the contractors in connection with
specific acquisition functions should be obtained from the Naval Publications
and Forms Center or as directed by the contracting officer.)
10.1.1 The data requirements of 10.1 may be waived by the contracting/
acquisition activity upon certification by the offeror that identical data
were submitted by the offeror and accepted by the Government under a previous
contract. This does not apply to specific data which may be required for
each contract regardless of whether an identical item has been supplied
previously.
127

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INCH POUND

Welding and Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualification

WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION......................

Nondestructive test performance..................

Grouping of base materials (welding)............

Grouping of brazing alloys for procedure and......

Reduced section tension specimen (plate) for

Data requirements................................. 127

2.1.1 Specifications and standards. Unless otherwise specified, the

Flux Brazing, (Silver Brazing Filler Metal, Low Melting

Electrodes, Welding, Covered, Aluminum Bronze.

Welded Joint Designs.

A5.10 A5.13 A5.16 A5.23 A5.27 A5.28 B4.0

Standard Welding Terms and Definitions. (DoD adopted)

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Welding

Except as noted herein, welding and brazing nomenclature and

3.1.2 Acceptable. An item is acceptable when it complies with or conforms

For Government shipyards: The delegated representative of the

For Government purchase items: The delegated representative of

3.1.7 Essential elements. Essential elements are those elements, either

Terms related to welding.

3.2.1 Build-up. Build-up is a surfacing variation in which surfacing

Amplitude. Amplitude is the distance normal to the direction of

Special welds are welds involving:

Base materials not covered in table I of this standard.

3.2.12 Surfacing. Surfacing is the application by welding, brazing, or

Terms related to brazing.

Brazement is an assembly whose component parts are

3.3.2 Clearance. Clearance is the actual gap at room temperature prior to

WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION

4.1 Scope. This section provides general requirements for the

Groove welds and fillet welds (manual, semi-automatic, automatic

4.2.1 Responsibility. When this standard is specified by the applicable

The welding procedure shall be in accordance

4.2.3.2 Lot conformance testing for mechanical properties, toughness,

Surface ship primary structure.

4.2.7.1 General. When this standard is specified in the applicable

Assemblies may be repair welded only under

The weld defects repaired are not indicative of an inadequate

4.2.10 Transferral of welding procedure qualification. Requalification of

The NAVSEA procedure permits use without qualification, or

Welders or welding operators are qualified in accordance with

Written welding procedure content.

4.3.1 Essential elements of a welding procedure. Unless otherwise

Groove welds and fillet welds.

4.4.1.1 Base material. Qualification test assemblies shall be made using

4.4.1.11 Fillet welds - welding on bare surfaces. When this standard is

S-1, S-2, S-3, S-3A, S-4, S-5, S-11A and S-11B.

S-35, S-36A and S-36B.

Stud welding procedure qualification record shall

4.4.5.1 Method of qualification. A minimum of 10 studs, as specified in

Studs shall be tested by torquing until failure using any

For carbon steel and austenitic stainless studs, hammer each

For aluminum (5000 series) studs, each stud shall be bent to

For load bearing applications add five additional studs to

4.4.5.2 Procedure requirements. The stud welding procedure shall contain

The mock-up shall consist of six joints which are welded

Groove depth shall be 3/16 inch minimum.

After completion of required NDT, three of the six welds shall