Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 113 views

    Steering

    Uploaded by

    saqib
    The steering system uses a pitman steering setup with a steering ratio of 1:1. It has a turning radius of 3m. The key specifications are: - Caster angle of 3 degrees (positive) for straight line stability - Camber angle of 1 degree (positive) for directional stability when turning - Kingpin inclination of 7 degrees for weight stabilization and steady movement - Scrub radius of 10mm for stable straight-running but requires counter-steering during uneven braking - Toe-in of 2mm for improved straight line stability

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Steering

    Uploaded by

    saqib
    113 views4 pages
    The steering system uses a pitman steering setup with a steering ratio of 1:1. It has a turning radius of 3m. The key specifications are: - Caster angle of 3 degrees (positive) for straight line stability - Camber angle of 1 degree (positive) for directional stability when turning - Kingpin inclination of 7 degrees for weight stabilization and steady movement - Scrub radius of 10mm for stable straight-running but requires counter-steering during uneven braking - Toe-in of 2mm for improved straight line stability

    Original Description:

    STREEING

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The steering system uses a pitman steering setup with a steering ratio of 1:1. It has a turning radius of 3m. The key specifications are: - Caster angle of 3 degrees (positive) for straight line stability - Camber angle of 1 degree (positive) for directional stability when turning - Kingpin inclination of 7 degrees for weight stabilization and steady movement - Scrub radius of 10mm for stable straight-running but requires counter-steering during uneven braking - Toe-in of 2mm for improved straight line stability

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    113 views4 pages

    Steering

    Uploaded by

    saqib
    The steering system uses a pitman steering setup with a steering ratio of 1:1. It has a turning radius of 3m. The key specifications are: - Caster angle of 3 degrees (positive) for straight line stability - Camber angle of 1 degree (positive) for directional stability when turning - Kingpin inclination of 7 degrees for weight stabilization and steady movement - Scrub radius of 10mm for stable straight-running but requires counter-steering during uneven braking - Toe-in of 2mm for improved straight line stability

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    STEERING SYSTEM

    1) Caster
    A positive caster of 3 is
    set because positive caster
    creates a lot of align torque
    (the force that straightens the
    steering wheel when you go
    forward) which improves
    straight line stability of the
    car. Due to the geometry of
    positive caster it also will
    increase negative camber gain
    when turning which is a good
    thing. It increases tire lean
    when cornering.
    2) Camber
    A positive camber of 1
    is set because a positive
    camber is set at front, so as to
    give directional stability i.e.
    aids bringing back the wheel
    to the straight ahead position
    after the turning is made. It
    also causes the tires to
    straighten out.
    3) Kingpin Inclination
    It is inclined at 7because
    the King Pin Inclination of an
    axis of turn provides weight
    stabilization and steady

    movement of the automobile


    on a straight line and in turns.
    4) Scrub Radius
    A positive scrub radius of
    10mm is provided because steering
    becomes less sensitive to braking
    inputs. It also produces stable
    straight-running
    stability
    but
    requires counter-steering by the
    driver in case of uneven braking
    effect
    5) TOE-IN
    A toe-in of 2mm is provided as it
    improves straight line stability.
    Rear wheel drive vehicles have
    slightly positive tow in the rear
    due to rolling resistance causing
    outward drag in the suspension
    arms. The slight positive toe
    straightens out the wheels at
    speed, effectively evening them
    out and preventing excessive tire
    wear.

    SPECIFICATIONS
    Steering type
    Steering ratio
    Inner
    wheel
    turning angle
    Outer
    wheel
    turning angle
    Turning radius
    Caster angle
    Camber angle
    Kingpin
    inclination
    Toe angle
    Scrub radius
    Track width
    Wheelbase
    Ackermann
    percentage

    Pitman Steering
    1:1
    27 deg
    20.64 deg
    3m
    3 deg (positive)
    1 deg (positive)
    7 deg
    2 deg (toe-in)
    10mm
    1m (front) and
    1.05m (rear)
    1.15m
    96.64%

    STEERING CALCULATIONS
    The main goal of our steering
    system is to provide directional
    control with minimum turning radius.
    Simplicity and safety were the main
    design considerations of our steering
    system. The steering system includes
    steering wheel, steering column,
    steering arm, tie rod and knuckle.
    Common inner wheel angle for any
    automobile is 41 degrees and outer
    wheel angle ranges from 28 to 29
    degrees. In order to achieve those
    angles, the stoppers were attached,
    intentionally on both sides of the
    frame such that the angular movement
    of steering arms is restricted to
    desired position. From the known
    inner wheel and outer wheel angles,
    reverse engineering process is carried
    out to find the turning radius of the
    kart by using the simple Ackermann
    principle.
    Rear track width
    =

    1.0m

    Wheelbase
    =

    1.15m

    Distance between the pivot points


    =
    0.80m
    Radius of turn
    =

    To calculate percentage Ackermann

    3m

    Assuming inner wheel angle as


    410

    tan=( b/ y )

    y=b tan

    =28 . 44 (outer wheel angle)

    Ackerman=tan-1(WB/(WB/tan(Angle
    outside wheel - Front Track))
    =tan-1(1.15/(1.15/tan(28.44)-1)
    =27.4
    = /Ackermann

    % Ackermann

    = 28.44/27.44

    y=1323 mm

    % Ackermann

    =100.3%

    1) INNER WHEEL
    RADIUS
    Rif =(

    FRONT

    b
    ac
    )(
    )
    sin
    2

    1.15
    0.2
    )(
    )
    sin 41
    2

    Rif =1 . 65 m

    2) OUTER FRONT WHEEL


    RADIUS:

    From Ackermanns condition,

    Rof =(

    b
    ac
    )+(
    )
    sin
    2

    Rof =(

    1.15
    0.2
    )+(
    )
    sin 28.44
    2

    Cotcot=(c / b)
    Rof =2 .514 m

    Cotcot ( 41)=(0.80 /1.15)

    3) INNER REAR
    RADIUS:

    WHEEL

    Rir=

    b
    ( tan
    )( ac2 )

    Rir=

    ( tan1.1541 )( 0.22 )

    1.15
    ( tan28.44
    )+( 0.22 )

    Ror=

    Ror=2 .22 m

    Rir=1 . 22m

    4) OUTER REAR
    RADIUS:
    b
    ( tan
    )+( ac2 )

    Ror=

    WHEEL

    You might also like