Motion Um002 en P

User Manual
Original Instructions
Motion Coordinate System

Catalog Numbers 1756-HYD02, 1756-M02AE, 1756-M02AS, 1756-M03SE, 1756-M08SE, 1756-M16SE, 1768-M04SE
Important User Information

Read this document and the documents listed in the additional resources section about installation, configuration, and
operation of this equipment before you install, configure, operate, or maintain this product. Users are required to
familiarize themselves with installation and wiring instructions in addition to requirements of all applicable codes, laws,
and standards.
Activities including installation, adjustments, putting into service, use, assembly, disassembly, and maintenance are
required to be carried out by suitably trained personnel in accordance with applicable code of practice.
If this equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may
be impaired.
In no event will Rockwell Automation, Inc. be responsible or liable for indirect or consequential damages resulting from
the use or application of this equipment.
The examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for illustrative purposes. Because of the many variables and
requirements associated with any particular installation, Rockwell Automation, Inc. cannot assume responsibility or
liability for actual use based on the examples and diagrams.
No patent liability is assumed by Rockwell Automation, Inc. with respect to use of information, circuits, equipment, or
software described in this manual.
Reproduction of the contents of this manual, in whole or in part, without written permission of Rockwell Automation,
Inc., is prohibited
Throughout this manual, when necessary, we use notes to make you aware of safety considerations.
WARNING: Identifies information about practices or circumstances that can cause an explosion in a hazardous
environment, which may lead to personal injury or death, property damage, or economic loss.
ATTENTION: Identifies information about practices or circumstances that can lead to personal injury or death, property
damage, or economic loss. Attentions help you identify a hazard, avoid a hazard, and recognize the consequence.
IMPORTANT
Identifies information that is critical for successful application and understanding of the product.
Labels may also be on or inside the equipment to provide specific precautions.

SHOCK HAZARD: Labels may be on or inside the equipment, for example, a drive or motor, to alert people that dangerous
voltage may be present.
BURN HAZARD: Labels may be on or inside the equipment, for example, a drive or motor, to alert people that surfaces may
reach dangerous temperatures.
ARC FLASH HAZARD: Labels may be on or inside the equipment, for example, a motor control center, to alert people to
potential Arc Flash. Arc Flash will cause severe injury or death. Wear proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Follow ALL
Regulatory requirements for safe work practices and for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Table of Contents
Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Motion Coordinate Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Where to Find Sample Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Additional Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Chapter 1
Create and Configure a
Coordinate System
Create a Coordinate System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Coordinate System Wizard Dialog Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edit Coordinate System Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Geometry Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Units Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offsets Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Joints Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dynamics Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dynamics Tab Manual Adjust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motion Planner Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tag Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
25
27
28
29
Chapter 2
Configure a Cartesian Coordinate Program an MCLM Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Blended Moves and Termination Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
System
Example Ladder Diagram for Blended Instructions . . . . . . . . . . .
Bit State Diagrams for Blended Moves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bit States at Transition Points of Blended Move
by Using Actual Tolerance or No Settle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
by Using No Decel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
by Using Command Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bit States at Transition Points of Blended Move by Using
Follow Contour Velocity Constrained or Unconstrained . . . . .
Choose a Termination Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Velocity Profiles for Collinear Moves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Symmetric Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Triangular Velocity Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Blending Moves at Different Speeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
35
35
36
37
38
39
41
43
45
46
Chapter 3
Configure Kinematics Coordinate Motion Calculate Transform Position (MCTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Motion Coordinated Shutdown Reset (MCSR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Systems
Useful Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Rockwell Automation Publication MOTION-UM002E-EN-P - June 2016
Table of Contents
Gather Information about Your Robot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Summary of Kinematic Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Determine the Coordinate System Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Chapter 4
Configure an Articulated
Independent Robot
Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Methods to Establish a Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Method 1 - Establishing a Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Work Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuration Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Link Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Base Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
End-effector Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delta Robot Geometries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configure a Delta Three-dimensional Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Establish the Reference Frame for a Delta
Three-dimensional Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calibrate a Delta Three-dimensional Robot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alternate Method for Calibrating a Delta
Configure Zero Angle Orientations for Delta
Identify the Work Envelope for a Delta
Define Configuration Parameters for a Delta
Configure a Delta Two-dimensional Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Establish the Reference Frame for a Delta
Two-dimensional Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calibrate a Delta Two-dimensional Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Identify the Work Envelope for a Delta
Define Configuration Parameters for a Delta
Configure a SCARA Delta Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Establish the Reference Frame for a
SCARA Delta Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calibrate a SCARA Delta Robot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Identify the Work Envelope for a
Define Configuration Parameters for a
Configure a Delta Robot with a
Negative X1b Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arm Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
55
56
57
57
59
60
61
62
62
62
64
64
65
65
67
69
71
72
73
73
74
76
76
77
78
78
80
81
Table of Contents
Left-Arm and Right-Arm Solutions for

Two-Axes Robots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solution Mirroring for Three-dimensional Robots . . . . . . . . . . .
Activating Kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change the Robot Arm Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plan for Singularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Encounter a No-solution Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configure a SCARA Independent Robot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCARA Independent Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Error Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monitor Status Bits for Kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
81
82
83
83
84
84
84
86
87
88
89
Chapter 5
Configure an Articulated
Dependent Robot
Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Methods to Establish a Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Work Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuration Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Link Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Base Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
End-effector Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
93
94
95
96
97
97
98
99
Chapter 6
Configure a Cartesian Gantry
Robot

Cartesian Gantry Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Chapter 7
Configure a Cartesian H-bot
About Cartesian H-bots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Cartesian H-bot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Cartesian H-bot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Cartesian H-bot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Table of Contents
Chapter 8
Configure Camming
Camming Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Mechanical Camming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Electronic Camming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Cam Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Position Cam Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Time Cam Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Calculating a Cam Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Using Common Cam Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Acceleration Cam Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Run Cam Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Deceleration Cam Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Dwell Cam Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Behavior of Pending Cams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Scaling Cams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Scaling Position Cam Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Scaling Time Cam Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Cam Execution Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Execution Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
MAPC Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
MATC Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Pending Cams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Summary of Changes
This manual contains new and updated information as indicated in the
following table.
Topic
Page
Moved the Motion Coordinated Instruction Appendix to (MCLM, MCCM, MCCD,

MCS, MCSD, MCT, MCTP, MCSR, MDCC) MOTION-RM002
Move the Coordinate System Attributes Appendix to Online Help
Moved the Error Codes (ERR) for Coordinate Motion Instructions Appendix to
MOTION-RM002
Added Motion Coordinate Instructions section to Preface
Added the Camming Appendix from MOTION-RM002 to Chapter 8 of this manual
107
Summary of Changes
Notes:
Preface
This manual provides information on how to configure various coordinated

motion applications. Appendix A provides detailed information about the
coordinated motion instructions. See the Additional Resources section for
information configuration and startup of Sercos and analog motion or
Integrated Motion on EtherNet/IP networks.
Motion Coordinate
Instructions
Use this table to choose a motion coordinated instruction. Detailed

information about these coordinate instructions can be found in the
Logix5000 Controllers Motion Instructions Reference Manual,
publication MOTION-RM002.
If you want to
Use this instruction
Available in these languages
Initiate a single or multi-dimensional linear coordinated move for the specified axes
within a Cartesian coordinate system.
Motion Coordinated Linear Move (MCLM)
Relay ladder
Structured text
Initiate a two- or three-dimensional circular coordinated move for the specified axes
within a Cartesian coordinate system.
Motion Coordinated Circular Move (MCCM)
Relay ladder
Structured text
Initiate a change in path dynamics for coordinate motion active on the specified
coordinate system.
Motion Coordinated Change Dynamics (MCCD)
Relay ladder
Structured text
Stop the axes of a coordinate system or cancel a transform.
Motion Coordinated Stop (MCS)
Relay ladder
Structured text
Initiate a controlled shutdown of all of the axes of the specified coordinate system.
Motion Coordinated Shutdown (MCSD)
Relay ladder
Structured text
Start a transform that links two coordinate systems together.
Motion Coordinated Transform (MCT)(1)
Relay ladder
Structured text
Calculate the position of one coordinate system with respect to another coordinate
system.
Motion Calculate Transform Position (MCTP)(1)
Relay ladder
Structured text
Initiate a reset of all of the axes of the specified coordinate system from the shutdown
state to the axis ready state and clear the axis faults.
Motion Coordinated Shutdown Reset (MCSR)
Relay ladder
Structured text
(1) You cannot use this instruction with SoftLogix controllers.
Where to Find Sample

Projects
Use the Studio 5000 Logix Designer application Start Page (Alt F9) to find
the sample projects.
Preface
The default location of the Rockwell Automation sample project is:

C:\Users\Public\Documents\Studio 5000\Samples\ENU\
There is a PDF file that is named Vendor Sample Projects on the Start Page
that explains how to work with the sample projects. Free sample code is
available at: http://samplecode.rockwellautomation.com/.
Additional Resources
10
These documents contain additional information concerning related products

from Rockwell Automation.
Resource
Description
Sercos and Analog Motion Configuration and Startup

User Manual, publication MOTION-UM001
Describes how to configure a motion application and to

start up your motion solution by using Logix5000 motion
modules.
Logix5000 Controllers Motion Instructions Reference

Manual, publication MOTION-RM002
Provides a programmer with details about motion

instructions for a Logix-based controller.
Integrated Motion on the Ethernet/IP Network:

Configuration and Startup User Manual,
publication MOTION-UM003
Describes how to configure an integrated motion

application and to start up your motion solution by using
the Studio 5000 Logix Designer application.
Logix5000 Controllers Common Procedures,

publication 1756-PM001
Provides detailed and comprehensive information about

how to program a Logix5000 controller.
Logix5000 Controllers General Instructions Reference

Manual, publication 1756-RM003
Provides a programmer with details about general

instructions for a Logix-based controller.
Logix5000 Controllers Advanced Process Control and

Drives Instructions Reference Manual,
publication 1756-RM006
Provides a programmer with details about process and

drives instructions for a Logix-based controller.
ControlLogix System User Manual,

publication 1756-UM001
Describes the necessary tasks to install, configure,

program, and operate a ControlLogix system.
CompactLogix 5730 Controllers User Manual,

publication 1769-UM021
Describes the necessary tasks to install, configure,

program, and operate a CompactLogix system.
GuardLogix 5570 Controllers User Manual, publication

1756-UM022
Provides information on how to install, configure,

program, and use GuardLogix 5570 controllers in Studio
5000 Logix Designer projects.
GuardLogix 5570 and Compact GuardLogix 5370

Controller Systems Safety Reference Manual,
publication 1756-RM099
Contains detailed requirements for achieving and

maintaining SIL 3/PLe with the GuardLogix 5570
controller system, using the Studio 5000 Logix Designer
application.
Analog Encoder (AE) Servo Module Installation

Instructions, publication 1756-IN047
Provides installation instructions for the Analog Encoder

(AE) Servo Module, Catalog Number
1756- M02AE.
ControlLogix SERCOS interface Module Installation

Provides installation instructions for the ControlLogix

SERCOS interface modules, Catalog Number
1756- M03SE, 1756-M08SE, 1756-M16SE,
1756-M08SEG.
CompactLogix SERCOS interface Module Installation

Provides installation instructions for the CompactLogix

SERCOS interface Module, Catalog Number
1768- M04SE.
Industrial Automation Wiring and Grounding

Guidelines, publication 1770-4.1
Provides general guidelines for installing a Rockwell

Automation industrial system.
Product Certifications website,

http://www.rockwellautomation.com/global/
certification/overview.page
Provides declarations of conformity, certificates, and

other certification details.
Preface
You can view or download publications at

http://www.rockwellautomation.com/literature/. To order paper copies of
technical documentation, contact your local Allen-Bradley distributor or
Rockwell Automation sales representative.
11
Preface
Notes:
12
Chapter
Create and Configure a Coordinate System
Topic
Page
Create a Coordinate System
14
Coordinate System Wizard Dialog Boxes
17
Edit Coordinate System Properties
18
In the Studio 5000 Logix Designer application, you use the Coordinate
System tag to configure a coordinate system. A coordinate system is a grouping
of one or more primary and ancillary axes that you create to generate
coordinated motion.
You can configure the coordinate system with one, two, or three dimensions.
The programming software supports these types of geometry:
Cartesian
Articulated Dependent
Articulated Independent
Selective Compliant Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA) Independent
Delta three-dimensional
Delta two-dimensional
SCARA Delta
Figure 1 - Coordinate Systems with Orthogonal Axes
Cartesian Coordinate System
Two-dimensional Cartesian Coordinate System
Three-dimensional Cartesian Coordinate System
13
Chapter 1
Figure 2 - Coordinate Systems with Non- orthogonal Axes
Articulated Dependent Coordinate System
Delta Two-dimensional Coordinate System
Create a Coordinate System
Articulated Independent Coordinate System
Delta Three-dimensional Coordinate System
SCARA Independent Coordinate System
SCARA Delta Coordinate System
Use the Coordinate System tag to set the attribute values that the Multi-Axis
Coordinated Motion instructions use in your motion applications. The
Coordinate System tag must exist before you can run any of the Multi-Axis
Coordinated Motion instructions.
Now you make the following configurations:
Introduce the COORDINATE_SYSTEM data type
Associate the coordinate system to a Motion Group
Associate the axes to the coordinate system
Set the dimension
Define the values that are later used by the operands of the Multi-Axis
Motion Instructions
The information included when you configure the Coordinate System tag
defines the values for Coordination Units, Maximum Speed, Maximum
Acceleration, Maximum Deceleration, Actual Position Tolerance, and
Command Position Tolerance.
14
Chapter 1
Follow these steps to create a coordinate system.

1. Right-click the motion group in the Controller Organizer.
2. Choose New Coordinate System.
The New Tag dialog box appears.
Use the parameter descriptions in Table 1 to help you configure your new tag.
15
Chapter 1
Table 1 - Tag Parameter Descriptions

Parameter Connection
Description
Name
Type a relevant name for the new tag. The name can be up to 40 characters and can be composed of letters, numbers, or
underscores (_).
Description
Type a description of the tag. This field is optional and is used for annotating the tag.
Type
Use the pull-down menu to select what type of tag to create. For a coordinate system, the only valid choices are Base and
Alias. If you select either Produced or Consumed, it generates an error when the OK button is pressed.
Base refers to a normal tag (selected by default).
Alias refers to a tag that references another tag with the same definition. Special parameters appear on the New Tag
dialog box that lets you identify to which base tag the alias refers.
Alias For
If you selected Alias as the tag Type, enter the name of the associated Base Tag.
Data Type
The Data Type field defines the size and layout of memory that is allocated when the tag is created. Select
COORDINATE_SYSTEM.
Scope
Choose the Scope for the tag. The scope defines the range at which tags and routines can be created. A Coordinate System
Tag can only be configured at the Controller Scope.
External Access
Choose whether the tag has Read/Write, Read Only, or no (None) access from external applications such as HMIs.
Style
The Style parameter is not activated. No entry for this field is possible.
After the information for the tag is entered, you have these options.
Click OK to create the tag and automatically place it in the Ungrouped Axes folder or the Motion Group if the tag was
initiated from the Motion Group menu.
Click Open COORDINATE_SYSTEM Configuration to invoke the Coordinate System Tag Wizard after you click Create. The
wizard helps you to configure the Coordinate System tag.
Constant
To prevent executing logic from writing values to the tag, check the Constant checkbox. The state of the Constant checkbox
depends on the type of tag selected. It appears dimmed under the follow conditions.
The tag is an alias tag or a consumed tag.
The FactoryTalk Security action for changing the Constant Value property of a tag is unavailable and the tag is not in
the Add-On Instruction definition scope.
You do not have permissions to modify tag properties (the FactoryTalk Security Tag Modified is denied) and that tag is
not in the Add-On Instruction definition scope.
The date type of the tag is not a Data Table backed type.
The usage of the tag is not InOut.
The redundancy controller is in any state that does not allow changes.
The controller has been locked online from another computer.
The controller is safety secured and the tag is a safety tag or a safety mapped tag.
The scope is an equipment phase but the Equipment Phase feature is not activated in the current Logix Designer
application license.
The controller is in hard Run mode.
The Add-On Instruction is in Source Protection mode.
You are not allowed to modify Add-On Instructions (FactoryTalk Security Add-On Instruction Modify is Denied) and the
tag is in Add-On Instruction definition scope.
For details about FactoryTalk Security see FactoryTalk Help:
Start > Programs > Rockwell Software > FactoryTalk Tools > FactoryTalk Help.
Note: If the properties of the tag modification (for example, Constant Tag property), no longer apply and the Constant
checkbox was previously selected, the Constant checkbox is not checked.
Click Open COORDINATE_SYSTEM Configuration to display the wizard

that guides you through the process of configuring a coordinate system. You
can also right-click the tag and choose Properties to access the configuration
wizard.
16
Coordinate System Wizard

Dialog Boxes
Chapter 1
The Coordinate System Wizard takes you through the Coordinate System
Properties dialog boxes. It is not necessary to use the Wizard dialogs to
configure your coordinate system. Once it has been created, you can access the
Coordinate System Properties dialog box by choosing Properties of the menu.
See Edit Coordinate System Properties on page 18 for detailed information on
how to enter configuration information.
Table 2 - Coordinate System Dialog Box Descriptions
Wizard or Dialog Box
Description
General
The General dialog box lets you:

associate the tag to a Motion Group.
enter the coordinate system type.
select the Dimension for the tag (that is, the number of associated axes).
specify the number of dimensions to transform.
enter the associated axis information.
choose whether to update Actual Position values of the coordinate system
automatically during operation.
This dialog box has the same fields as the General tab found under Coordinate
System Properties.
Geometry
The Geometry dialog box allows you to configure key attributes that are related to
non-Cartesian geometry and shows the bitmap of the associated geometry.
Offset
The Offset dialog box allows you to configure the offsets for the base and end
effector. This dialog box shows the bitmaps for the offsets related to the geometry.
Units
The Units dialog box allows you to determine the units that define the coordinate
system. At this dialog box, you define the Coordination Units and the Conversion
Ratios. This dialog box has the same fields as the Units tab found under Coordinate
System Properties.
Dynamics
Use the Dynamics dialog box for entering the Vector values used for Maximum
Speed, Maximum Acceleration, and Maximum Deceleration. It is also used for
entering the Actual and Command Position Tolerance values. This dialog box has the
same fields as the Dynamics tab found under Coordinate System Properties.
Manual Adjust
The Manual Adjust button is inactive when creating a Coordinate System tag via the
Wizard dialog boxes. It is active on the Dynamics tab of the Coordinate System
Properties dialog box. It is described in detail in the Editing Coordinate System
Properties later in this chapter.
Tag
The Tag dialog box allows you to rename your Tag, edit your description, and review
the Tag Type, Data Type, and Scope information.
The only fields that you can edit on the Tag dialog box are Name and Description.
These fields are the same fields as on the New Tag dialog box and the Coordinate
System Properties Tag tab.
17
Chapter 1
Edit Coordinate System

Properties
Create your Coordinate System in the New Tag dialog box, and then configure
it. You can make your configuration selections from the Coordinate System
Properties dialog box.
You can also use the Coordinate System Properties dialog boxes to edit an
existing Coordinate System tag. These dialog boxes have a series of tabs that
access a specific dialog box for configuring the different facets of the
Coordinate System. Make the appropriate entries for each of the fields. An
asterisk appears on the tab to indicate that changes have been made but not
implemented. Click Apply to save your selections.
TIP
When you configure your coordinate system, some fields can be unavailable
(dimmed) because of choices you made in the New Tag dialog box.
In the Controller Organizer, right-click the coordinate system to edit and

choose Coordinate System Properties from the pull-down menu.
The Coordinate System Properties General dialog box appears.
The name of the Coordinate System tag that is being edited appears in the title
bar to the right of Coordinate System Properties.
18
Chapter 1
General Tab
Use this tab to do the following for a coordinate system:
Assign the coordinate system, or terminate the assignment of a
coordinate system, to a Motion Group.
Choose the type of coordinate system you are configuring.
Change the number of dimensions, that is, the number of axes.
Specify the number of axes to transform.
Assign axes to the coordinate system tag.
Enable/Disable automatic updating of the tag.
Logix Designer application supports only one Motion Group tag per
controller.
Table 3 - General Tab Field Descriptions
Item
Description
Motion Group
Motion Group is where you can select and display the Motion Group to which the
Coordinate System is associated.
A Coordinate System that is assigned to a Motion Group appears in the Motion Groups
branch of the Controller Organizer, under the selected Motion Group subbranch.
If you select <none>, it terminates the Motion Group association, and moves the
coordinate system to the Ungrouped Axes subbranch of the Motions Groups branch.
Ellipsis ()
Ellipsis opens the Motion Group Properties dialog box for the Assigned Motion Group
where you can edit the Motion Group properties. If no Motion Group is assigned to this
coordinate system, this dialog box is unavailable.
New Group
New Group opens the New Tag dialog box where you can create a Motion Group tag.
This option is enabled only if no Motion Group tag has been created.
Type
Type selects and displays the type of coordinate system (robot type) in the Motion
Group. Available choices are Cartesian, Articulated Dependent, Articulated
Independent, SCARA Independent, Delta, and SCARA Delta. The type of coordinate
system you choose in this field changes the configuration tabs that are available.
Dimension
Enter the coordinate system dimensions, that is, the number of axes, that this
coordinated system is to support. The options are 1, 2, or 3 to keep with its support of
a maximum of three axes. Changes in the Dimension spin also reflect in the Axis Grid
by either expanding or contracting the number of fields available. Data is set back to
the defaults for any axis that is removed from the Axis Grid due to reducing the
Dimension field.
Transform Dimension
Enter the number of axes in the coordinate system that you want to transform. The
options are 1, 2, or 3 to keep with its support of a maximum of three axes. The number
of axes that you transform must be equal to or less than the specified coordinate
system dimensions.
The transform function always begins at the first axis. For example, if you have
specified that the coordinate system has three axes, but indicate only that two axes be
transformed, then axes 1 and 2 are transformed. In other words, you cannot specify
that only axes number 2 and number 3 are to be transformed.
Axis Grid
The Axis Grid is where you associate axes to the Coordinate System. There are five
columns in the Axis Grid that provide information about the axes in relation to the
Coordinate System.
[] (Brackets)
The Brackets column displays the indices in tag arrays used with the current
coordinate system. The tag arrays that are used in multi-axis coordinated motion
instructions map to axes by using these indices.
Coordinate
The text in this column X1, X2, or X3 (depending on the entry to the Dimension field)
is used as a cross-reference to the axes in the grid. For a Cartesian system, the
mapping is simple.
19
Chapter 1
Table 3 - General Tab Field Descriptions
20
Item
Description
Axis Name
The Axis Name column is a list of combo boxes (the Dimension field determines this
number) used to assign axes to the coordinate system.
The pull-down lists display all Base Tag axes defined in the project. (Alias Tag axes do
not display in the pull-down list.) They can be axes that are associated with the
motion group, axes associated with other coordinated systems, or axes from the
Ungrouped Axes folder. Choose an axis from the pull-down list.
The default is <none>. It is possible to assign fewer axes to the coordinate system
than the maximum for the Dimension field. However, you receive a warning when you
verify the coordinate system and, if left in that state, the instruction generates a
runtime error. You can assign an axis only once in a coordinate system. Ungrouped
axes also generate a runtime error.
Ellipsis (...)
The Ellipsis in this column takes you to the Axis Properties pages for the axis listed in
the row.
Coordination Mode
The Coordination Mode column indicates the axes that are used in the velocity vector
calculations. If the type of coordinate system is specified as Cartesian, then Primary
axes are used in these calculations. For non-Cartesian coordinate systems, the
coordination mode for the axes defaults to Ancillary.
Enable Coordinate System

Auto Tag Update
The Enable Coordinate System Auto Tag Update checkbox lets you determine whether
the Actual Position values of the current coordinated system are automatically
updated during operation.
Use the checkbox to enable this feature. The Coordinate System Auto Tag Update
feature can ease your programming burden if you must add GSV statements to the
program to get the desired result. However, by enabling this feature, the Coarse
Update rate is increased.
Whether to use the Coordinate System Auto Tag Update feature depends upon the
trade-offs between ease in programming and increase in execution time. You can
lower the execution time if you enable this feature in initial system programming to
formulate the process and then disable it and enter the GSV statements in your
program.
If you enable this feature, it can result in some performance penalty.
Chapter 1
Geometry Tab
The Geometry tab of the Coordinate System Properties is where you can
specify the link lengths and zero angle orientation values for articulated robotic
arms.
The graphic that is displayed on this tab shows a typical representation of the
type of coordinate system you selected on the General tab. Your robot typically
looks similar to the one shown in the graphic, but can be different depending
on your application.
Link Lengths Box

The Link Length box displays fields to let you specify a value for the length of
each link in an articulated robotic arm (coordinate system). The measurement
units configured for the affiliated Cartesian coordinate system defines the
measurement units for the articulated coordinate system. The two coordinate
systems are linked or affiliated with each other by an MCT instruction.
When specifying the link length values, be sure that the values are calculated by
using the same measurement units as the linked Cartesian coordinate system.
For example, the manufacturer specifies the robot link lengths by using
millimeter units and you want to configure the robot by using inches. You must
convert the millimeter link measurements to inches and enter the values in the
appropriate link length fields.
IMPORTANT
Be sure that the link lengths that are specified for an articulated coordinate
system are in the same measurement units as the affiliated Cartesian
coordinate system. Your system does not work properly if you are using
different measurement units.
21
Chapter 1
The number of fields available for configuration in the link lengths box is
determined by the combination of the following:
Values that are entered on the General tab for the type of coordinate
system
Total coordinate system dimensions
Transform dimensions
The link identifiers are L1 and L2 in the corresponding graphic. These fields
are not configurable for a Cartesian coordinate system.
Zero Angle Orientations Box

The zero-angle orientation is the rotational offset of the individual joint axes. If
applicable, enter the offset value in degrees for each joint axis. The coordinate
dimension value entered on the General tab determines the number of
available fields. The angle identifiers are Z1, Z2, and Z3 in the corresponding
graphic.
Units Tab
The Units tab of the Coordinate System Properties is where you determine the
units that define the coordinate system. This dialog box is where you define the
Coordination Units and the Conversion Ratios.
Coordination Units
The Coordination Units field lets you define the units to be used for measuring
and calculating motion-related values such as position and velocity. The
coordination units do not need to be the same for each coordinate system.
Enter units that are relevant to your application and maximize ease of use.
When you change the Coordination Units, the second portion of the
Coordination Ratio Units automatically changes to reflect the new units.
Coordination Units is the default.
22
Chapter 1
Axis Grid
The Axis Grid of the Units dialog box displays the axis names that are
associated with the coordinate system, the conversion ratio, and the units that
are used to measure the conversion ratio.
Table 4 - Units Tab Description
Item
Description
Axis Name
The Axis Name column contains the names of the axes assigned to the coordinate system in
the General dialog box. These names appear in the order that they were configured into the
current coordinate system. You cannot edit this column from this dialog box.
Conversion Ratio
The Conversion Ratio column defines the relationship of axis position units to coordination
units for each axis. For example, there is a program the position units for an axis are in
millimeters and the axis is associated with a coordinate system whose units are in inches.
The conversion ratio for this axis/coordinate system association is 25.4/1 and can be
specified in the appropriate row of the Axis Grid.
The numerator can be entered as a float or an integer. The denominator must be entered
only as an integer.
Conversion Ratio
Units
The Conversion Ratio Units column displays the axis position units to coordination units
used. The Axis Position units are defined in the Axis Properties Units dialog box and the
coordination units are defined in Coordinated System Properties Units dialog box. These
values are dynamically updated when changes are made to either axis position units or
coordination units.
Offsets Tab
The Offsets tab of the Coordinate System Properties dialog box is where you
define the end effector and base offset values for the robotic arm. This tab
shows the top and/or sides view of a typical robotic arm, based on the type of
coordinate system and coordinate Transform dimension values specified on the
General tab. The number of axes associated with the coordinate system
determines the number of available offset fields in each box.
23
Chapter 1
When specifying the end effector and base offset values, be sure that the values
are calculated by using the same measurement units as the linked Cartesian
coordinate system.
For example, the manufacturer specifies the robot offset by using millimeter
units and you want to configure the robot by using inches. You must convert
the millimeter link measurements to inches and enter the values in the
appropriate offset fields.
End Effector Offsets Box

The end effector offset value specifies the dimensions of the end effector. The
correct end effector offsets are typically available from the manufacturer. The
end effector indicators are X1e, X2e, and X3e in the corresponding graphic.
Base Offsets Box

The Logix Designer kinematics internal equations define the robot origin
relative to the first joint of the robotic arm. Sometimes the robot manufacturer
specifies the origin at another location. The difference between these two
locations is the base offsets value. The correct base offset values are typically
available from the robot manufacturer. The base offset indicators are X1b,
X2b, and X3b in the corresponding graphic.
Joints Tab
The Joints tab is accessible only if you are configuring or editing an articulated
coordinate system. This dialog box is where you define the Joint Conversion
Ratios. Joint axis units are always specified in degrees.
Table 5 - Joints Tab Field Descriptions
24
Item
Description
Axis Name
The Axis Name column displays the names of the axes associated to the coordinate system.
The names appear in the order that they were configured into the coordinate system. This
field is a read-only field.
Joint Ratio
The Joint Ratio column (shown in white) is divided into two columns that define the
relationship between the axis position units to the joint axis units. The left-half of the Joint
Ratio column is a configurable field that lets you specify a value for the axis position units
(numerator). The right-half of the Joint Ratio column is a configurable field that lets you
specify a value for the joint axis units (denominator). Keep in mind that Joint axis units are
always specified as degrees.
Joint Units
The Joint Units column is a read-only field that displays the configured axis position units
to the joint units. The Axis Position units are defined in the Axis Properties Units dialog
box. Joint units are always defined as degrees.
Chapter 1
If you are configuring a Cartesian coordinate system, go to the Dynamics tab to

access the Coordinate System Properties Dynamics dialog box.
Dynamics Tab
The Dynamics dialog box is accessible only if you are configuring a Cartesian
coordinate system. The Dynamics tab is for entering the Vector values used for
Maximum Speed, Maximum Acceleration, Maximum Deceleration, Maximum
Acceleration Jerk and Maximum Deceleration Jerk. It is also used for entering
the Actual and Command Position Tolerance values.
Vector Box
In the Vector box, values are entered for Maximum Speed, Maximum
Acceleration, Maximum Deceleration, Maximum Acceleration Jerk, and
Maximum Deceleration Jerk. The values are used by the Coordinated Motion
instructions in calculations when their operands are expressed as percent of
Maximum. The Coordination Units to the right of the edit boxes
automatically change when the coordination units are redefined in the Units
dialog box.
25
Chapter 1
Table 6 - Dynamics Tab Field Descriptions

Item
Description
Maximum Speed
Enter the value for Maximum Speed to be used by the Coordinated Motion
instructions in calculating vector speed when speed is expressed as a percent of
maximum.
Maximum Acceleration
Enter the value for Maximum Acceleration to be used by the Coordinated Motion
instructions. This value determines the acceleration rate to apply to the
coordinate system vector when acceleration is expressed as a percent of
maximum.
Maximum Deceleration
Enter the value for Maximum Deceleration to be used by the Coordinated

Motion instructions to determine the deceleration rate to apply to the
coordinate system vector when deceleration is expressed as a percent of
maximum. The Maximum Deceleration value must be a nonzero value to
achieve any motion by using the coordinate system.
Maximum Acceleration Jerk
The jerk parameters only apply to S-Curve profile moves by using these
instructions:
MCS
MCCD
MCCM
MCLM
The Maximum Acceleration Jerk rate of the coordinate system, in Coordination
Units/second3, defaults to 100% of the maximum acceleration time. The speed
and acceleration rate for this calculation are defined previously.
MaxAccel2
= Maximum Acceleration Jerk
Speed
The Maximum Accel Jerk value that you enter is used when the motion
instruction is set with Jerk Units=% of Maximum. When a Multi-axis Motion
Instruction has Jerk Units=units per sec3, then the maximum acceleration jerk
value is derived from the motion instruction faceplate. The jerk units for the
motion instruction also allow for Jerk Units=% of Time, with 100% of Time. This
means that the entire S-Curve move has Jerk limiting. This is the default mode.
An S-Curve move with 0% of Time results in a trapezoidal profile and have 0%
Jerk limiting. If set manually, enter the value in units=Coordination Units/
second3 units. You can also use the Calculate button to view this value in terms
of units=% of Time.
Maximum Deceleration Jerk
The jerk parameters only apply to S-Curve profile moves by using these
instructions:
MCS
MCCD
MCCM
MCLM
The Maximum Deceleration Jerk rate of the coordinate system, in Coordination
Units/second3, defaults to 100% of the maximum deceleration time. The speed
and deceleration rate for the calculation are defined previously.
MaxDecel2
= Maximum Deceleration Jerk
Speed
The Maximum Decel Jerk value that you enter is used when the motion
instruction is set with Jerk Units=% of Maximum. When a Multi-axis motion
instruction has Jerk Units=units per sec3, then the Max Deceleration Jerk value
is derived from the Motion Instruction faceplate. The jerk units for the motion
instruction also allow for Jerk Units=% of Time, with 100% of Time meaning
the entire S-Curve move has Jerk limiting, thus, the default mode. An S-Curve
move with 0% of Time results in a trapezoidal profile and has 0% Jerk limiting. If
set manually, enter the value in units=Coordination Units/second3 units. You
can also use the optional Calculate button to view the value in terms of units=%
of Time.
26
Chapter 1
Position Tolerance Box

In the Position Tolerance Box, values are entered for Actual and Command
Position Tolerance values. See the Logix5000 Motion Controllers
Instructions Reference Manual, publication MOTION-RM002, for more
information regarding the use of Actual and Command Position Tolerance.
Item
Description
Actual
Enter the value in coordination units for Actual Position to be used by Coordinated Motion
instructions when they have a Termination Type of Actual Tolerance.
Command
Enter the value in coordination units for Command Position to be used by Coordinated
Motion instructions when they have a Termination Type of Command Tolerance.
Manual Adjust Button

The Manual Adjust button on the Coordinate System Dynamics tab accesses
the Manual Adjust Properties dialog box. The Manual Adjust button is
enabled only when there are no pending edits on the properties dialog box.
Dynamics Tab Manual Adjust

At this dialog box, you can change the Vector and Position Tolerance values.
These changes can be made either online or offline. The blue arrows to the
right of the fields indicate that they are immediate commit fields. This
indication means that the values in those fields are immediately updated to the
controller if online or to the project file if offline.
Reset
Reset reloads the values that were present at the time this dialog box was
entered. The blue arrow to the right of Reset means that the values are
immediately reset when you click Reset.
27
Chapter 1
Motion Planner Tab

The Motion Planner dialog box is accessible only if you are configuring a
Cartesian coordinate system. The Motion Planner tab is used to enable or
disable Master Delay Compensation, enable or disable Master Position Filter,
and to enter the bandwidth for Master Position Filter.
Table 7 - Motion Planner Tab Field Descriptions

Item
Description
Master Delay Compensation
Check or clear this box to enable or disable Master Delay Compensation,

respectively.
This value is used to balance the delay time between reading the Master Axis
comm position and applying the associated slave command position to the
servo loop of the slave.
This feature makes sure that the slave coordinate command position accurately
tracks the actual position of the Master Axis (that is, zero tracking error when
gearing or camming to the actual position of a Master Axis for Cartesian
coordinate motion in Master Driven mode).
Clear this box to disable Master Delay Compensation. The default setting is
Enabled.
If the axis is configured for Feedback only, disable Master Delay Compensation.
In some applications, there is no requirement for zero tracking error between
the Master and the Slave axis. In these cases, it can be beneficial to disable the
Master Delay Compensation feature to eliminate the disturbances introduced to
the Slave Axis.
Master Delay Compensation, even if the box is checked, is not applied in cases
where a Slave Axis is gearing or camming to the command position of the
Master Axis because there is no need to compensate for master position delay.
Enable Master Position Filter
Check or clear this box to enable or disable Master Position Filter, respectively.
The default is cleared (disabled).
Master Position Filter, when enabled, effectively filters the specified master axis
position input to the slave axiss gearing or position camming operation. The
filter smooths out the actual position signal from the Master Axis, and thus
smooths out the corresponding motion of the Slave Axis. When this box is
checked, the Master Position Filter Bandwidth box is enabled.
Master Position Filter Bandwidth The Master Position Filter Bandwidth field is enabled when the Enable Master
Position Filter checkbox is checked.
This field controls the bandwidth for master position filtering.
Enter a value in Hz in this field to set the bandwidth for the Master Position
Filter.
A value of zero for Master Position Filter Bandwidth effectively disables the
master position filtering.
28
Chapter 1
Tag Tab
The Tag tab is for reviewing your Tag information and renaming the tag or
editing the description.
Use this tab to modify the name and description of the coordinate system.
When you are online, all parameters on this tab transition to a read-only state,
and cannot be modified. If you go online before you save your changes, all
pending changes revert to their previously saved state.
Table 8 - Tag Tab Field Descriptions
Item
Description
Name
Name displays the name of the current tag. You can rename the tag now. The name can be up
to 40 characters and can include letters, numbers, and underscores (_). When you rename a
tag, the new name replaces the old one in the Controller Organizer after you click OK or Apply.
Description
Description displays the description of the current tag, if any is available. You can edit this
description. The edited description replaces the existing description when you click OK or
Apply.
Tag Type
Tag Type indicates the type of the current Coordinate System tag. This type can be either a base
or an alias.
The field is not editable and is for informational purposes only.
Data Type
Data Type displays the data type of the current Coordinate System tag, which is always
COORDINATE_SYSTEM. This field cannot be edited and is for informational purposes only.
Scope
Scope displays the scope of the current Coordinate System tag. The scope for a Coordinate
System tag can be only controller scope. This field is not editable and is for informational
purposes only.
External Access
External Access displays the parameter that is chosen in the New Tag dialog box for whether
the tag has Read/Write, Read Only, or no (None) access from external applications such as
HMIs.
29
Chapter 1
Notes:
30
Chapter
Configure a Cartesian Coordinate System
Topic
Page
Program an MCLM Instruction
32
Blended Moves and Termination Types
32
Bit State Diagrams for Blended Moves
35
Choose a Termination Type
39
Use the multi-axis coordinated motion instructions to perform linear and

circular moves in single and multidimensional spaces. A Cartesian coordinate
system in Logix Designer application can include one, two, or three axes.
Figure 3 - Coordinate Systems with Orthogonal Axes
Cartesian Coordinate System
Two-dimensional Cartesian Coordinate System
Three-dimensional Cartesian Coordinate System
Use the MCLM instruction to start a single or multi-dimensional linear

coordinated move. See the Logix5000 Motion Controllers Instructions
Reference Manual, publication MOTION-RM002, for more information.
Use the MCCM instruction to initiate a two or three-dimensional circular
coordinated move for the specified axes. See the Logix5000 Motion
Controllers Instructions Reference Manual, publication MOTION-RM002,
for more information.
31
Chapter 2
Program an MCLM
Instruction
The following are the steps to program and test an MCLM instruction.
1. Configure motion axes in Logix Designer application.
The maximum number of axes that can be associated with one
Coordinate System is limited to three axes.
2. Create a Coordinate System Tag
The number of Coordinate System tags that can be created is 32. This
number is based on the fact that a maximum of 32 axes can be assigned
to a motion group and in the current implementation. Because only one
motion group can be created, the number of axes that can be created is
32.
3. Program an MCLM.
The Motion Coordinated Linear Move (MCLM) instruction performs
a linear move by using up to three axes in a Cartesian coordinate system.
As with all moves, you must specify, for example, absolute or
incremental, or speed. Speed is based on the vector move distance as
shown in this figure.
V distance = 5 + 15
One dimension array determines the position. The coordinate system

selected determines array length. For a (2) Axis Cartesian System, each
endpoint requires (2) words; for a (3) Axis Cartesian System, each axis
requires (3) words. We create a position array shortly for clarification.
An array can consist of multiple endpoint coordinates that multiple
coordinated move instructions can use.
Blended Moves and

Termination Types
32
To blend two MCLM or MCCM instructions, start the first one and queue
the second one. The tag for the coordinate system gives you two bits for
queueing instructions.
MovePendingStatus
MovePendingQueueFullStatus
Chapter 2
The MCLM and MCCM instructions reference a coordinate system called

Coordinate_System_1 (cs1). For example, the following ladder diagram uses
coordinate system cs1 to blend Move1 into Move2.
Example Ladder Diagram for Blended Instructions

If Step = 1, then:
Move1 starts and moves the axes to a position of 5, 0.
and once Move1 is in process and there is room to queue another move, then:
Step = 2.
If Step = 2, then:
Move1 is already happening.
Move2 goes into the queue and waits for Move1 to complete.
When Move1 is complete:
Move2 moves the axes to a position of 10, 5.
33
Chapter 2
And once Move2 is in process and there is room in the queue:

Step = 3.
When an instruction completes, it is removed from the queue and there is

space for another instruction to enter the queue. Both bits always have the same
value because you can queue only one pending instruction at a time. If the
application requires several instructions to be executed in sequence, then the
bits are set by using these parameters.
Table 9 - Bit Parameters
When
Then
One instruction is active and a second

instruction is pending in the queue
MovePendingStatus bit = 1
MovePendingQueueFullStatus bit = 1
You cannot queue another instruction
An active instruction completes and

leaves the queue
MovePendingStatus bit = 0
MovePendingQueueFullStatus bit = 0
You can queue another instruction
The termination type operand for the MCLM or MCCM instruction specifies
how the currently executing move gets terminated. These illustrations show the
states of instruction bits and coordinate system bits that get affected at various
transition points (TP).
The termination types are:
0 - Actual tolerance
1 - No Settle
2 - Command Tolerance
3 - No Decel
4 - Follow Contour Velocity Constrained
5 - Follow Contour Velocity Unconstrained
6 - Command Tolerance Programmed
For further information on how to select a termination type, refer to Choose a
Termination Type on page 39.
34
Bit State Diagrams for

Blended Moves
Chapter 2
The following diagrams show bit states at the transition points for various
types of blended moves.
Bit States at Transition Points of Blended Move by Using Actual

Tolerance or No Settle
linear linear move
Table 10 shows the bit status at the various transition points shown in the
preceding graph with termination type of either Actual Tolerance or No Settle.
Table 10 - Bit Status at Transition Points with Actual Tolerance or No Settle Termination Type
Bit
TP1
TP2
TP3
Move1.DN
Move1.IP
Move1.AC
Move1.PC
Move2.DN
Move2.IP
Move2.AC
Move2.PC
cs1.MoveTransitionStatus
cs1.MovePendingStatus
cs1.MovePendingQueueFullStatus
35
Chapter 2
Bit States at Transition Points of Blended Move by Using No Decel

linear linear move
preceding graph with termination type of No Decel. For No Decel termination
type, distance-to-go for transition point TP2 is equal to deceleration distance
for the Move1 instruction. If Move 1 and Move 2 are collinear, then Move1.PC
is true at TP3 (the programmed end point of first move).
Table 11 - Bit Status with No Decel Termination Type
36
Bit
TP1
TP2
TP3
TP4
Move1.DN
Move1.IP
Move1.AC
Move1.PC
Move2.DN
Move2.IP
Move2.AC
Move2.PC
Chapter 2
Bit States at Transition Points of Blended Move by Using Command

Tolerance
linear linear move
preceding graph with termination type of Command Tolerance. For
Command Tolerance termination type distance-to-go for transition point TP2
is equal to Command Tolerance for the coordinate system cs1.
Table 12 - Bit Status with Command Tolerance Termination Type
Bit
TP1
TP2
TP3
TP4
Move1.DN
Move1.IP
Move1.AC
Move1.PC
Move2.DN
Move2.IP
Move2.AC
Move2.PC
37
Chapter 2
Bit States at Transition Points of Blended Move by Using Follow

Contour Velocity Constrained or Unconstrained
linear circular move
TP3
TP2
Y axis
TP1
X axis
Table 13 shows the bits status at the transition points.

Table 13 - Bit Status with Contour Velocity Constrained or Unconstrained Termination Type
38
Bit
TP1
TP2
TP3
Move1.DN
Move1.IP
Move1.AC
Move1.PC
Move2.DN
Move2.IP
Move2.AC
Move2.PC
Choose a Termination Type
Chapter 2
The termination type determines when the instruction is complete. It also

determines how the instruction blends its path into the queued MCLM or
MCCM instruction, if there is one.
1. Choose a termination type.
If You Want the Axes to (vector speeds)
And You Want the Instruction to Complete When the
Then Use this Termination Type
Stop between moves
Both of these events occur:

Command position equals target position.
The vector distance between the target and actual positions is less
than or equal to the Actual Position Tolerance of the coordinate
system.
0 - Actual Tolerance
Command position equals the target position.
1 - No Settle
Command position gets within the Command Position Tolerance of

the coordinate system.
Axes get to the point at which they must decelerate at the

deceleration rate.
3 - No Decel
t
Keep the speed constant except between moves
t
Transition into or out of a circle without stopping
4 - Follow Contour Velocity Constrained
t
Accelerate or decelerate across multiple moves
5 - Follow Contour Velocity Unconstrained
1 2 3 4
V
t
Use a specified Command Tolerance
The command position gets within the Command Position Tolerance

of the coordinate system.
39
Chapter 2
2. Make sure this selection is the right choice for you.

Termination Type
Example Path
0 - Actual Tolerance
Description
Move 1
Move 2
1 - No Settle
Move 1
Move 2
2, 6- Command Tolerance
Move 1
Move 2
The instruction stays active until both of these events occur:

Command position equals target position.
The vector distance between the target and actual positions is less than or equal
to the Actual Position Tolerance of the coordinate system.
At that point, the instruction is complete and a queued MCLM or MCCM instruction
can start.
Important: Make sure that you set the Actual Tolerance to a value that your axes
can reach. Otherwise the instruction stays in process.
The instruction stays active until the command position equals the target position.
At that point, the instruction is complete and a queued MCLM or MCCM instruction
can start.
The instruction stays active until the command position gets within the Command
Tolerance of the coordinate system. At that point, the instruction is complete and a
queued MCLM or MCCM instruction can start.
If you dont have a queued MCLM or MCCM instruction, the axes stop at the target
position.
Logix Designer Application Compares
To the
And Uses the
For the
100 of the configured length of the first instruction

by using a Command Tolerance termination type
Configured Command Tolerance for

the coordinate system
Shorter of the two

lengths
Command Tolerance length used for the first

instruction
100 of the configured length of the last move

instruction by using a Command Tolerance termination
type

Shorter of the two

lengths
Command Tolerance length used for the next to last

instruction
50 of each of the lengths of all other move

instructions

Shorter of the two

lengths
Command Tolerance length used for each individual

instruction
3 - No Decel
40
Move 1
Move 2
The instruction stays active until the axes get to the deceleration point. At that
point, the instruction is complete and a queued MCLM or MCCM instruction can
start.
The deceleration point depends on whether you use a trapezoidal or S-Curve
profile.
If you dont have a queued MCLM or MCCM instruction, the axes stop at the
target position.
Termination Type
4 - Follow Contour Velocity
Constrained
Example Path
Move 1
Description
Move 2
Move 3
5 - Follow Contour Velocity

Unconstrained
Move 1
Chapter 2
Move 2
Move 3
The instruction stays active until the axes get to the target position. At that point,
the instruction is complete and a queued MCLM or MCCM instruction can start.
This termination type works best with tangential transitions. For example, use it
to go from a line to a circle, a circle to a line, or a circle to a circle.
The axes follow the path.
The length of the move determines the maximum speed of the axes. If the
moves are long enough, the axes do not decelerate between moves. If the moves
are too short, the axes decelerate between moves.
This termination type is similar to the contour velocity constrained. It has these
differences:
Use this termination type to get a triangular velocity profile across several
moves. This reduces jerk.
To avoid position overshoot at the end of the last move, you must calculate the
deceleration speed at each transition point during the deceleration-half of the
profile.
You must also calculate the starting speed for each move in the deceleration half
of the profile.
Important Considerations
If you stop a move by using an MCS or by changing the speed to zero with an
MCCD during a blend and then resume the move by reprogramming the move
or by using another MCCD, it deviates from the path that displayed if the
move had not been stopped and resumed. The same phenomenon can occur if
the move is within the decel point of the start of the blend. In either case, the
deviation is most likely a slight deviation.
Velocity Profiles for Collinear Moves

Collinear moves are moves that lie on the same line in space. Their direction
can be the same or opposite. The velocity profiles for collinear moves can be
complex. This section provides you with examples and illustrations to help you
understand the velocity profiles for collinear moves programmed with MCLM
instructions.
Velocity Profiles for Collinear Moves with Termination Type 2 or 6

Figure 4 shows the velocity profile of two collinear moves by using a Command
Tolerance (2) termination type. The second MCLM instruction has a lower
velocity than the first MCLM instruction. When the first MCLM instruction
reaches its Command Tolerance point, the move is over and the .PC bit is set.
41
Chapter 2
Figure 4 - Velocity Profile of Two Collinear Moves When the Second Move has a Lower Velocity
than the First Move and Termination Type 2 or 6 is Used
The .PC bit is set, MCLM1 is over
Command Tolerance Point
MCLM2
MCLM1
Programmed endpoint of MCLM1 instruction

Position
Figure 5 shows the velocity profile of two collinear moves by using a Command
Tolerance (2) termination type. The second MCLM instruction has a higher
velocity than the first MCLM instruction. When the first MCLM instruction
reaches its Command Tolerance point, the move is over and the .PC bit is set.
Figure 5 - Velocity Profile of Two Collinear Moves When the Second Move has a Higher Velocity
than the First Move and Termination Type 2 or 6 is Used
MCLM2
MCLM1
The .PC bit is set, MCLM1 is Over

Programmed Endpoint of MCLM1
instruction
Position
Velocity Profiles for Collinear Moves with

Termination Types 3, 4, or 5
This illustration shows a velocity profile of two collinear moves. The second
MCLM instruction has a lower velocity than the first MCLM instruction and
one of these termination types are used:
No Decel (3)
Follow Contour Velocity Constrained (4)
Follow Contour Velocity Unconstrained (5)
When the first MCLM instruction reaches the deceleration point, it
decelerates to the programmed velocity of the second move. The first move is
over and the .PC bit is set.
42
Chapter 2
Figure 6 - Velocity Profile of Two Collinear Moves When the Second Move has a Lower Velocity
than the First Move and Termination Type 3, 4, or 5 is Used
Decel Point
MCLM1
The .PC Bit is set, MCLM1 is over

MCLM2
Position
.Programmed endpoint of MCLM1

Decel Point
This illustration shows a velocity profile of two collinear moves. The second
MCLM instruction has a higher velocity than the first MCLM instruction
and one of these termination types are used:
No Decel (3)
Follow Contour Velocity Constrained (4)
Follow Contour Velocity Unconstrained (5)
The .PC bit is set when the first move reaches its programmed endpoint.
Figure 7 - Velocity Profile of Two Collinear Moves When the Second Move has a Higher Velocity
than the First Move and Termination Type 3, 4, or 5 is Used
MCLM2
MCLM1
The .PC bit is set, Programmed endpoint
of MCLM1 instruction
Position
Symmetric Profiles
Profile paths are symmetric for all motion profiles.
Programming the velocity, acceleration, and deceleration values symmetrically
in the forward and reverse directions generates the same path from point A to
point C in the forward direction, as from point C to point A in the reverse
direction.
While this concept is most easily shown in a two-instruction sequence, it
applies to instruction sequences of any length if they are programmed
symmetrically.
43
Chapter 2
Figure 8 - Example of a Symmetric Profile
MCLM 2 (point B to point C) follows MCLM 1 (point A to point B).

MCLM 4 (point B to point A) follows MCLM 3 (point C to point B).
The acceleration of MCLM 1 must be equal to the deceleration of MCLM 4.
The deceleration of MCLM 1 must be equal to the acceleration of MCLM 4.
The acceleration of MCLM 2 must be equal to the deceleration of MCLM 3.
The deceleration of MCLM 2 must be equal to the acceleration of MCLM 3.
MCLM 1 (Pos = [2,0], Accel = 1, Decel = 2)

Blended Trajectory
from A to B and from B to C
MCLM 2, MCLM 3
MCLM1, MCLM 4
IMPORTANT
We recommend that you terminate any sequence of moves by either

Termination Type 0 or 1, that is, TT0 or TT1.
To make sure that your trajectory is symmetric, you must terminate any
sequence of moves by either Termination Types 0 or 1. Use a Termination Type
of 0 or 1 at the Reversal Point of a profile that moves back on itself.
This move must be

TT0 or TT1.
This move must be

TT0 or TT1.
Reversal Point
Using a TT2, TT3, TT4, TT5 or TT6 as the last move in a profile (or the
reversal point) is safe. However, the resulting trajectory from A to B cannot
always be the same as that from B to A. Explicit termination of the sequence of
moves helps the controller to optimize the velocity profile, reduce the CPU
load, and make sure of a symmetric profile.
44
Chapter 2
Triangular Velocity Profile

If you want to program a pick-and-place action in four moves, minimize the
Jerk rate, and use a triangular velocity profile.
Then, use termination type 5. The other termination types can prevent you
from getting to the speed you want.
Termination Types 2, 3, 4, or 6
Termination Type 5
You calculate the

acceleration.
You want to get to

this speed.
And you must also calculate the

starting speed for each move during
deceleration.
But the axes have to decelerate

before they get there.
The length of each move determines its maximum speed. As a result, the axes do
not reach a speed that causes them to overshoot the target position during
deceleration.
The axes accelerate to the speed that you want. You must calculate the starting speed for
each move in the deceleration-half of the profile.
45
Chapter 2
Blending Moves at Different Speeds

You can blend MCLM and MCCM instructions where the vector speed of the
second instruction differs from the vector speed of the first instruction.
If the Next Move is
And the Termination Type of the First Move is
Slower
3 - No Decel
4 - Contour Velocity Constrained
5 - Contour Velocity Unconstrained
Faster
Then
Vector
speed
Target position of first

move
3 - No Decel

move
Vector
speed
4 - Contour Velocity Constrained

5 - Contour Velocity Unconstrained

move
Vector
speed
46
Chapter
Configure Kinematics Coordinate Systems
Topic
Page
Useful Terms
48
Gather Information about Your Robot
48
Summary of Kinematic Steps
48
Determine the Coordinate System Type
50
This chapter provides you with the information you need when using the
Kinematics functionality within Logix Designer application. This chapter also
provides you with guidelines for robot-specific applications.
Kinematics coordinate systems use two instructions, the Motion Calculate
Transform Position (MCTP) and the Motion Coordinate Shutdown Reset
(MCSR).
Motion Calculate Transform

Position (MCTP)
Use the MCTP instruction to calculate the position of a point in one

coordinate system to the equivalent point in a second coordinate system.
Motion Coordinated
Shutdown Reset (MCSR)
Use the Motion Coordinated Shutdown Reset (MCSR) instruction to reset all
axes in a coordinate system. The MCSR instruction resets the axes from a
shutdown state to an axis ready state. This instruction also clears any axis faults.
ATTENTION: Use each tag for the motion control attribute of instructions
only once. Re-use of the motion control tag in other instructions can cause
unintended operation. This can result in damage to equipment or personal
injury.
47
Chapter 3
Understanding the terms used in this chapter enables you to properly configure
your robot.
Useful Terms
Term
Definition
Forward Kinematics
The solution of source positions given the target positions. In practice, requires computing the Cartesian positions given the Joint positions.
Forward Transform
The solution of source positions given target positions.
Inverse Kinematics
The solution of joint positions given Cartesian positions. Typically, converts Cartesian positions to joint positions.
Inverse Transform
The solution of target positions given source positions.
Joint axis
A rotary robotic coordinate axis typically having overtravel rather than rollover limits.
Kinematics
The family of mathematical equations that convert positions back and forth between two linked geometries.
Orientation
Robotic term for directional attitude or rotation about a point in Cartesian (3D) space. Orientation is expressed as three ordered rotations
around the X, Y, and Z Cartesian axes.
Reference frame
An imaginary Cartesian coordinate system used to define a Cartesian origin and reference orientation.
Source system
One of two coordinate systems used in a Kinematics transform and having special properties. When connected to a target system by means of
a Kinematics transform, motion commanded at the source systems inputs produces motion at both the source and target systems outputs (if
the physical axes are connected).
Target system
One of two coordinate systems used in a Kinematics transform and having special properties. When connected to a source system by means of
a Kinematics transform, motion commanded at the target systems inputs produces motion in both the source and target systems outputs (if
the physical axes are connected).
Tool Center Point
All Kinematics programmed position (motion) is based on the Tool Center Point (TCP).
To determine the TCP, you must enter information on these Logix Designer application tabs:
Geometry - Enter values for Link Length (linear displacement), Zero Angle Orientation (angular rotation), and Base Offsets. These values, in
combination with the selected Geometry type, defines the resulting Geometrys end-of-arm position.
Offsets - Enter value for End-effector offset; these are included when establishing the final TCP position.
Transform
General term for conversion equations that map values in one coordinate space to values in another coordinate space.
Translation
Robotic term for a linear movement or offset in Cartesian (three-dimensional) space. Translation describes the distance between two
Cartesian points.
Zero Angle Offset
Offset on a rotary axis in the Joint Coordinate system between where the Kinematics equations were derived and where you want your zero
position to be.
Gather Information about

Your Robot
Before you begin the configuration steps for the Kinematics transformation
function, you need to gather specific information about your robot and
application parameters. Specifications for your robot can be found in the
documentation provided by the manufacturer; other required information is
application dependent. You need to know this information before you begin
configuring motion control.
Robot geometry type
Zero angle orientation
Work envelope
Link lengths
Base offsets
End-effector offsets
Arm solution
Summary of Kinematic Steps
After you create a Joint (target) coordinate system tag for your Motion control
project, there are general steps to follow for Kinematics.
48
Chapter 3
1. Determine and then configure the type of coordinate system you need
for your robot.
For help in determining your coordinate system type, see page 50.
2. Establish the Joint-to-Cartesian reference frame relationship.
For more information regarding the joint-to-Cartesian reference frame,
see the section about the type of robot you are using.
ATTENTION: The correct relationship between the Joint reference frame and
the Cartesian reference frame must be established. Failure to do this can
allow your robot to move to unexpected positions causing machine damage
and/or injury or death to personnel.
3. Calibrate your robot (if applicable).
4. Identify your robot work envelope.
5. Determine and then configure the following parameters:
Link lengths
Base offsets
6. Create the source and target coordinate systems.
Typical Cartesian Coordinate System Configuration for Articulated Independent
robot.
Typical Joint Coordinate System Configuration for an Articulated Independent

robot.
7. Save the project.

8. Download the Kinematic project to the controller and then use the
MCT instruction to link the Joint coordinate system to the Cartesian
coordinate system.
The Joint-to-Cartesian reference frame relationship is automatically
established by the controller after the Joint coordinate system
49
Chapter 3
parameters (link lengths, base offsets, and end-effector offsets) are

configured and the MCT instruction is enabled. For additional
information about the MCT or MCTP instructions, see the
Logix5000 Controllers Motion Instructions,
For detailed steps about Creating and Configuring a Coordinate System, see on
Create and Configure a Coordinate System page 13.
Determine the Coordinate

System Type
Use this table to determine what type of Kinematics coordinate system you
need.
If your robot looks similar to
Your Coordinate System type is

For configuration information, see page 53.
Cartesian
This illustration shows a typical Gantry machine.
50
Chapter 3
Sliding Member
Cartesian
This illustration shows a typical H-bot.
For configuration information see page 103.
X2 Axis
TCP
X1 Axis
Sliding rail
Stationary Rails
Stationary Motors A
Stationary Motors B
SCARA Independent
51
Chapter 3

Three-dimensional Delta
Two-dimensional Delta
SCARA Delta
52
Chapter
Configure an Articulated Independent Robot
Topic
Page
Reference Frame
53
Methods to Establish a Reference Frame
55
Work Envelope
57
Configuration Parameters
59
Delta Robot Geometries
62
Configure a Delta Three-dimensional Robot
62
Configure a Delta Two-dimensional Robot
71
Configure a SCARA Delta Robot
76
Arm Solutions
81
Configure a SCARA Independent Robot
84
Error Conditions
88
Use these guidelines when configuring an Articulated Independent robot.

ATTENTION: Before turning ON the Transform and/or establishing the
reference frame, be sure to do the following for the joints of the target
coordinate system.
1. Set and enable the soft travel limits.
2. Enable the hard travel limits.
Failure to do this can allow the robot to move outside of the work envelope
causing machine damage and/or serious injury or death to personnel.
Reference Frame
The reference frame is the Cartesian coordinate frame that defines the origin
and the three primary axes (X1, X2, and X3). These axes are used to measure
the real Cartesian positions.
ATTENTION: Failure to properly establish the correct reference frame for
your robot can cause the robotic arm to move to unexpected positions
causing machine damage and/or injury or death to personnel.
The reference frame for an Articulated Independent robot is at the base of the
robot, as shown in Figure 9.
53
Chapter 4
Figure 9 - Articulated Independent 1
Before you begin establishing the Joint-to-Cartesian reference frame

relationship, it is important to know some information about the Kinematic
mathematical equations used in the controllers. The equations were written as
if the Articulated Independent robot joints were positioned as shown in
Figure 10.
+J1 is measured counterclockwise around the +X3 axis starting at an
angle of J1=0 when L1 and L2 are both in the X1-X2 plane.
+J2 is measured counterclockwise starting with J2=0 when L1 is parallel
to X1-X2 plane.
+J3 is measured counterclockwise with J3=0 when L2 is aligned with
link L1.
When your robot is physically in this position, the Logix Designer application
Actual Position tags for the axes must be:
J1 = 0
J2 = 0
J3 = 0
Side View
54
Chapter 4
J1 = 0
J2 = 90
J3 = -90
Side View
If your robots physical position and joint angle values cannot match those
shown in either figures above, then use one of the Alternate Methods for
Establishing the Joint-to-Cartesian reference frame relationship.
Methods to Establish a
Reference Frame
The following methods let you establish a reference frame for an Articulated
Independent robot.
For each
Use one of these methods to establish the reference frame
Incremental axis
Each time the robots power is cycled.
Absolute axis
Only when you establish absolute home.
Method 1 - establishes a Zero Angle Orientation and lets the configured

travel limits and home position on the joint axes remain operational. Use
this method if you are operating the axes between the travel limits
determined prior to programming a Motion Redefine Position (MRP)
instruction and want these travel limits to stay operational.
Method 2 - uses a MRP instruction to redefine the axes position to align
with the Joint reference frame. This method can require the soft travel
limits to be adjusted to the new reference frame.
55
Chapter 4
Method 1 - Establishing a Reference Frame

Each axis for the robot has the mechanical hard stop in each of the positive and
negative directions. Manually move or press each axes of the robot against its
associated mechanical hard stop and redefine it to the hard limit actual
position provided by the robot manufacturer. J1 is the axis at the base of the
robot that rotates around X3.
When the robot is moved so that Link1 is parallel to the X3 axis and Link2 is
parallel to X1 axis as shown in Articulated Independent 3 on page 55, the
Logix Designer application Actual Position tag values are equal to:
J1 = 0
J2 = 90
J3 = -90
If the Logix Designer application Positions tags do not correspond to these
values, configure the Zero Angle Orientation for the joint or joints that do not
correspond.
If the Logix Designer application read-out
values are
Set the Zero Angle Orientations on the Coordinate

System Properties dialog to
J1 = 10
J2 = 80
J3 = -85
Z1 = -10
Z2 = 10
Z3 = -5

established by the ControlLogix controller after the Joint coordinate system
parameters (link lengths, base offsets, and end-effector offsets) are configured
and the MCT instruction is enabled.
Figure 12 - Setting the Zero Angle Orientations
Set the Zero Angle Orientations.
56
Chapter 4

Position the robot so that:
Link1 is parallel to the X3 axis.
Link2 is parallel to X1 axis.
Program a MRP instruction for all three axes with the following values:
J1 = 0
J2 = 90
J3 = -90
established by the ControlLogix controller after the Joint coordinate system
parameters (link lengths, base offsets, and end-effector offsets) are configured
and the MCT instruction is enabled.
Work Envelope
The work envelope is the three-dimensional region of space that defines the
reaching boundaries for the robot arm. The work envelope for an articulated
robot is ideally a complete sphere having an inner radius equal to L1- L2 and
outer radius equal to L1+L2. Due to the range of motion limitations on
individual joints, the work envelope is not always a complete sphere.
57
Chapter 4
If the range-of-motion values for the articulated

robot are
Typically, the work envelope is
J1 = 170
J2 = 0 to 180
J3 = 100
L1= 10
L2 = 12
Top view - Depicts the envelope of the tool center point sweep in J1 and J3 while J2 remains at a fixed position of
0.
Side view - Depicts the envelope of the tool center point sweep in J2 and J3 while J1 remains at a fixed position
of 0.
58
Chapter 4
Logix Designer application can be configured for control of robots with

varying reach and payload capacities. As a result, it is very important to know
the configuration parameter values for your robot including:
Link lengths.
Base offsets.
End-effector offsets.
The configuration parameter information is available from the robot
manufacturer.
IMPORTANT
Verify that the values for the link lengths, base offsets and end-effector
offsets entered into the Configuration Parameters dialog use the same
measurement units.
Figure 13 illustrates the typical configuration parameters for an Articulated

Independent robot.
Figure 13 - Typical Configuration Parameters for an Articulated Independent Robot
X3
L2 = 12 inches
X1e = 2 inches
X3e2 = 1.5 inches
-X3e1 = 3.0 inches

L1 = 12 inches
Tool reference frame
X3b = 4.0 inches
Robot Origin
X1b = 3.0 inches
X3e = -X3e1 + X3e2

X3e = -3 + 1.5
X3e = -1.5 inches
If the robot is two-dimensional, then X3b and X3e are X2b and X2e respectively.
59
Chapter 4
Link Lengths
Link lengths are the rigid mechanical bodies attached at joints.
For an articulated independent robot with The length
of
Is equal to the value of the distance

between
2 dimensions
L1
L2
J1 and J2
J2 and the end-effector
3 dimensions
L1
L2
J2 and J3
Figure 14 - Example of Link Lengths for an Articulated Independent Robot
Enter the Link Length values.
For the robot shown in Typical Configuration Parameters for an Articulated

Independent Robot, the Link Length values are:
L1 = 10.0
L2 = 12.0
60
Chapter 4
Base Offsets
The base offset is a set of coordinate values that redefines the origin of the
robot. The correct base offset values are typically available from the robot
manufacturer. Enter the values for the base offsets in the X1b and X3b fields of
the Coordinate System Properties dialog.
Figure 15 - Example of Base Offsets for an Articulated Independent Robot
Enter the Base Offset values.

For the robot shown in our example, the Base Offset values
are:
X1b = 3.0
X3b = 4.0
61
Chapter 4
End-effector Offsets
The robot can have an end-effector attached to the end of robot link L2. If
there is an attached end-effector, then you must configure the end-effector
offset value on the Coordinate System Properties dialog. The end-effector
offsets are defined with respect to the tool reference frame at the tool tip.
Some robots also have an offset defined for the J3 joint as shown in Figure 13
on page 59. You can account for this value when computing the X3e endeffector offset value. In Figure 13, the value for X3e offset is entered as the sum
of X3e1+X3e2 (-3+1.5 = -1.5). The configured value for X3e is -1.5.
Figure 16 - Example of End-effectors for an Articulated Independent Robot
Enter the end-effector offset values.

For the robot shown in our example, the end-effector values are:
X1e = 2.0
X3e = -1.5
Delta Robot Geometries
Logix Designer application supports three types of geometries that are often
called parallel manipulators.
Three-dimensional Delta
Two-dimensional Delta
SCARA Delta
In these geometries, the number of joints is greater than the degrees of
freedom, and not all the joints are actuated (motor driven). These un-actuated
joints are typically spherical joints.
Configure a Delta Threedimensional Robot
62
Figure 17 shows a four axes Delta robot that moves in three-dimensional

Cartesian (X1, X2, X3) space. This type of robot is often called a spider or
umbrella robot.
Chapter 4
Figure 17 - Delta Three-dimensional Robot

Baseplate
Actuator for axis 4
Forearm assembly
Actuators for axes 1 - 3.
Gripper
The Delta robot in Figure 17 is a three-degree of freedom robot with an

optional fourth degree of freedom used to rotate a part at the tool tip. In
Logix Designer application, the first three-degrees of freedom are configured as
three joint axes ( J1, J2, J3) in the robots coordinate system. The three joint
axes are either:
directly programmed in joint space.
automatically controlled by the embedded Kinematics software in Logix
Designer application from instructions programmed in a virtual
Cartesian coordinate system.
This robot contains a fixed top plate and a moving bottom plate. The fixed top
plate is attached to the moving bottom plate by three link-arm assemblies. All
three of the link-arm assemblies are identical in that they each have a single top
link arm (L1) and a parallelogram two-bar link assembly (L2).
As each axis ( J1, J2, J3) is rotated, the TCP of the gripper moves
correspondingly in (X1, X2, X3) direction. The gripper remains vertical along
the X3 axis while its position is translated to (X1, X2, X3) space by the
mechanical action of the parallelograms in each of the three forearm
assemblies. The mechanical connections of the parallelograms via spherical
joints ensure that the top and bottom plates remain parallel to each other.
You program the TCP to an (X1, X2, X3) coordinate, then
Logix Designer application computes the commands necessary for each of the
joints ( J1, J2, J3) to move the gripper linearly from the current (X1, X2, X3)
position to the programmed (X1, X2, X3) position, at the programmed vector
dynamics.
When each top link (L1) moves downward, its corresponding joint axis ( J1, J2,
or J3) is assumed to be rotating in the positive direction. The three joint axes of
the robot are configured as linear axes.
To rotate the gripper, configure a fourth axis as either a linear or rotary,
independent axis.
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Chapter 4
Establish the Reference Frame for a Delta Three-dimensional Robot

Top View
The reference frame for the Delta geometries is at the center of the top fixed
plate. Joint 1, Joint 2, and Joint 3 are actuated joints. If you configure the Delta
coordinate system in Logix Designer application with the joints homed at 0 in
the horizontal position, then L1 of one of the link pairs is aligned along the X1
positive axis as shown. Moving in the counter clockwise direction from Joint 1
to Joint 2, the X2 axis is orthogonal to the X1 axis. Based on the right hand
rule, X3 positive is the axis pointing up (out of the paper).
Calibrate a Delta Three-dimensional Robot

Use these steps to calibrate your robot.
1. Obtain the angle values from the robot manufacturer for J1, J2, and J3 at
the calibration position. These values are used to establish the reference
position.
2. Move all joints to the calibration position by either jogging the robot
under programmed control, or manually moving the robot when the
joint axes are in an open loop state.
3. Do one of these:
a. Use a Motion Redefine Position instruction (MRP) to set the
positions of the joint axes to the calibration values obtained in step 1.
b. Set the configuration value for the joint axes home position to the
calibration values obtained in step 1 of this procedure and execute a
Motion Axis Home instruction (MAH) for each joint axis.
4. Move each joint to an absolute position of 0.0. Verify that each joint
position reads 0 and that the respective L1 is in a horizontal position. If
L1 is not in a horizontal position, then see the alternate method for
calibrating a Delta three-dimensional robot.
64
Chapter 4
Alternate Method for Calibrating a Delta Three-dimensional Robot

Rotate each joint to a position so that the respective link is at a horizontal
position, and then perform one of the following:
Use a MRP instruction to set all the joint angles to 0 at this position.
Configure the values for the Zero Angle Offsets to be equal to the values
of the joints when in a horizontal position.
Configure Zero Angle Orientations for Delta Three-dimensional

Robot
For Delta robot geometries, the internal transformation equations in the Logix
Designer application are written assuming that:
joints are at 0 when link L1 is horizontal.
as each top link (L1) moves downward, its corresponding joint axis ( J1,
J2, or J3) is rotating in the positive direction.
If you want the joint angular position when L1 is horizontal to be at any other
value than 0, then you must properly configure the Zero Angle Orientation
values on the Geometry tab of the Target Coordinate System Properties dialog
to align your joint angle positions with the internal equations.
For example, if your Delta robot is mounted so that the joints attached at the
top plate are homed at 30 in the positive direction below horizontal (see
Figure 18) and you want the Logix Designer application readout values to be
zero in this position, then you must configure the Zero Angle Orientation
values to -30 on the Geometry tab of the Target Coordinate System Properties
dialog (see Figure 19).
Figure 18 - Delta Robot with Joints Homed at 30
65
Chapter 4
Figure 19 - Configuring Delta Robot Zero Angle Orientation
66
Chapter 4
Identify the Work Envelope for a Delta Three-dimensional Robot

reaching boundaries for the robot arm. The typical work envelope for a Delta
robot can be described as looking similar to plane in the upper region, with
sides similar to a hexagonal prism and the lower portion similar to a sphere. For
more detailed information regarding the work envelope of your Delta threedimensional robot, see the documentation provided by the robot
manufacturer.
We recommend that you program the robot within a rectangular solid defined
inside the robots work zone. The rectangular solid can be defined by the
positive and negative dimensions of the X1, X2, X3 virtual source axes. Be sure
that the robot position does not go outside the rectangular solid. You can
check the position in the event task.
To avoid issues with singularity positions, Logix Designer application
internally calculates the joint limits for the Delta robot geometries. When an
MCT instruction is invoked for the first time, the maximum positive and
maximum negative joint limits are internally calculated based upon the link
lengths and offset values entered on the Geometry and Offsets tabs of the
Coordinate System Properties dialog.
Figure 20 - Delta Three-dimensional Configuration Systems Properties Dialog - Geometry and
Offsets Tabs
During each scan, Logix Designer application evaluates the joint positions in
the forward and inverse kinematics routines to be sure that they do not violate
the computed maximum positive and maximum negative joint limits.
67
Chapter 4
Homing or moving a joint axis to a position beyond a computed joint limit and
then invoking a MCT instruction, results in an error 67 (Invalid Transform
position). For more information regarding error codes, see the Logix5000
Controllers Motion Instructions Reference Manual,
Maximum Positive Joint Limit Condition

The derivations for the maximum positive joint apply to the condition when
L1 and L2 are collinear.
Figure 21 - Maximum Positive Joint Limit Condition - L1 and L2 are Collinear
Maximum Positive Joint Limit Position
R = absolute value of (X1b - X1e)
cos-1
L1 + L2
Jmax Positive = 180
68
Chapter 4
Maximum Negative Joint Limit Condition

The derivations for the maximum negative joint limit applies to the condition
when L1 and L2 are folded back on top of each other.
R is computed by using the base and end-effector offsets values (X1b and X1e).
Figure 22 - Maximum Negative Joint Limit Condition - L1 and L2 are Folded Back on Top of Each
Other
Maximum Negative Joint Limit Condition
R = absolute value of (X1b - X1e)
JMaxNeg = -cos-1
R
(
L2 - L1
Define Configuration Parameters for a Delta Three-dimensional

Robot
Link lengths.
Base offsets.
The configuration information is available from the robot manufacturer.
IMPORTANT
Verify that the values for the link lengths, base offsets, and end-effector
offsets are entered into the Configuration Parameters dialog by using the
same measurement units.
69
Chapter 4
Link Lengths
Link lengths are the rigid mechanical bodies attached at the rotational joints.
The three-dimensional Delta robot geometry has three link pairs each made up
of L1 and L2. Each of the link pairs has the same dimensions.
L1 - is the link attached to each actuated joint ( J1, J2, and J3).
L2 - is the parallel bar assembly attached to L1.
Figure 23 - Three-dimensional Delta Robot - Link Lengths Configuration Screen
Base Offsets
There is one base offset value (X1b) available for the three-dimensional Delta
robot geometry. Enter the value equal to the distance from the origin of the
robot coordinate system to one of the actuator joints.
70
Chapter 4
The two end-effector offsets available for the three-dimensional Delta robot
geometry are as follows. Offset values are always positive numbers.
X1e is the distance from the center of the moving plate to the lower
spherical joints of the parallel arms.
X3e is the distance from the base plate to the TCP of the gripper.
Figure 24 - Configuring the Base Offset and End-effector Offsets for a Three-dimensional Delta
Robot
Configure a Delta Twodimensional Robot
Figure 25 shows a two-dimensional Delta robot that moves in twodimensional Cartesian space.
Figure 25 - Two-dimensional Delta Robot
Joints for axes 1-2.
71
Chapter 4
This robot has two rotary joints that move the gripper in the (X1, X2) plane.
Two forearm assemblies attach a fixed top plate to a movable bottom plate. A
gripper is attached to the movable bottom plate. The bottom plate is always
orthogonal to the X2 axis and its position is translated in Cartesian space (X1,
X2) by mechanical parallelograms in each forearm assembly. The two joints, J1,
and J2, are actuated joints. The joints between links L1 and L2 and between L2
and the base plate are unactuated joints.
Each joint is rotated independently to move the gripper to a programmed (X1,
X2) position. As each joint axis ( J1 or J2 or J1 and J2) is rotated, the TCP of
the gripper moves correspondingly in the X1 or X2 direction or X1 and X2
direction. You can program the TCP to a (X1, X2) coordinate, then
Logix Designer application uses internal vector dynamic calculations to
compute the proper commands needed for each joint to move the gripper
linearly from the current (X1, X2) position to the programmed (X1, X2)
position.
The two joint axes ( J1 and J2) of the robot are configured as linear axes.
To rotate the gripper, configure a third axis as a linear or rotary, independent
axis.
Establish the Reference Frame for a Delta Two-dimensional Robot

The reference frame for the two-dimensional Delta geometry is at the center of
the fixed top plate. When the angles of joints J1 and J2 are both at 0, each of
the two L1 links is along the X1 axis. One L1 link is pointing in the positive X1
direction, the other in the negative X1 direction.
When the right-hand link L1 moves downward, joint J1 is assumed to be
rotating in the positive direction and when L1 moves upward, the J1 is assumed
to be moving in the negative direction. When the left-hand link L1 moves
downward, joint J2 is assumed to be rotating in the positive direction and when
left-hand L1 moves upward, the J2 is assumed to be moving in the negative
direction.
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Chapter 4
Figure 26 - Establishing the Two-dimensional Delta Robot Reference Frame
Calibrate a Delta Two-dimensional Robot

The method used to calibrate a Delta two-dimensional robot is the same as the
method used for calibrating a Delta three-dimensional robot. The only
difference is the number of axes used. For more information about calibration,
see Calibrate a Delta Three-dimensional Robot on page 64.
Identify the Work Envelope for a Delta Two-dimensional Robot

The work envelope is the two-dimensional region of space that defines the
reaching boundaries for the robot arm. The typical working envelope for a
two-dimensional Delta robot is a boundary composed of circular arcs.
Figure 27 - Work Envelope for Two-dimensional Delta Robot
We recommend that you define the program parameters for the twodimensional Delta robot within a rectangle (dotted lines in Figure 27) inside
the work zone of the robot. The rectangle can be defined by the positive and
negative dimensions of the X1, X2 virtual source axes. Be sure that the robot
73
Chapter 4
position does not go outside the rectangle. You can check the position in the
event task.
To avoid problems with singularity positions, Logix Designer application
internally calculates the joint limits for the Delta robot geometries. When an
MCT instruction is invoked for the first time, the maximum positive and
maximum negative joint limits are internally calculated based upon the link
lengths and offset values entered on the Geometry and Offsets tabs of the
Coordinate System Properties dialog.
For More Information About
Page
Maximum positive joint limits
68
Maximum negative joint limits
69
then invoking an MCT instruction, results in an error 67 (Invalid Transform
position). For more information about error codes, see the Logix5000
Define Configuration Parameters for a Delta Two-dimensional

Robot
You can configure Logix Designer application for control of robots with
Link lengths.
Base offsets.
IMPORTANT
74
Chapter 4
Link Lengths
Links are the rigid mechanical bodies attached at joints. The two- dimensional
Delta geometry has two link pairs, each with the same lengths. The link
attached to each actuated joint ( J1 and J2) is L1. The parallel bar assembly
attached to link L1 is link L2.
Figure 28 - Two-dimensional Delta Robot - Link Lengths Configuration Screen
Base Offsets
There is one base offset (X1b) available for the two-dimensional Delta robot
geometry. Enter the value equal to the distance from the origin of the robot
coordinate system to one of the actuator joints.
75
Chapter 4
There are two end-effector offsets available for the two-dimensional Delta
robot geometry. The value for X1e is the offset distance from the center of the
lower plate to the lower spherical joints of the parallel arms. The distance from
the lower plate to the TCP of the gripper is the value for X2e.
Figure 29 - Delta Two-dimensional Robot - Base and End-effector Offsets
Configure a SCARA Delta

Robot
The SCARA Delta robot geometry is similar to a two-dimensional Delta

robot geometry except that the X1-X2 plane is tilted horizontally with the
third linear axis in the vertical direction (X3).
Figure 30 - SCARA Delta Robot
Base plate
Establish the Reference Frame for a SCARA Delta Robot

The reference frame for the SCARA Delta robot is at the center of the base
plate.
When the angles of joints J1 and J2 are both at 0, each of the two L1 links is
along the X1 axis. One L1 link is pointing in the positive X1 direction, the
other in the negative X1 direction.
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Chapter 4
When the right-hand link L1 moves in the clockwise direction (looking down
on the robot), joint J1 is assumed to be rotating in the positive direction. When
the right-hand link L1 moves counterclockwise, joint J1 is assumed to be
moving in the negative direction.
When left-hand link L1 moves in the clockwise direction, joint J2 is assumed
to be moving in the negative direction. When the left-hand link L1 moves in
the counterclockwise direction, joint J2 is assumed to be rotating in the
positive direction.
Based on the right hand rule, X3 positive is orthogonal to the X1-X2 plane
pointing up. The linear axis always moves in the X3 direction.
When configuring a SCARA Delta robot in Logix Designer application, keep
the following in mind.
Configure both the source and the target coordinate system with a
transform dimension of two.
The linear axis configured as a third axis must be the same for both the
source and target coordinate systems.
Figure 31 - Example of Source and Target Coordinate System Configuration for a SCARA Delta
Robot
Calibrate a SCARA Delta Robot

The method used to calibrate a SCARA Delta robot is the same as the method
used for calibrating a Delta three-dimensional robot. The only difference is the
number of axes used. For more information about calibration, see Calibrate a
Delta Three-dimensional Robot on page 64.
77
Chapter 4
Identify the Work Envelope for a SCARA Delta Robot

The work envelope for a SCARA Delta robot is similar to the twodimensional Delta robot in the X1-X2 plane. The third linear axis extends the
work region making it a solid region. The maximum positive and negative
limits of the linear axis defines the height of the solid region.
We recommend that you program the SCARA Delta robot within a
rectangular solid defined inside the robots work zone. The rectangular solid
can be defined by the positive and negative dimensions of the X1, X2, X3
virtual source axes. Be sure that the robot position does not go outside the
rectangular solid. You can check the position in the event task.
To avoid problems with singularity positions, Logix Designer application
internally calculates the joint limits for the Delta robot geometries.
For More Information About
Page
Maximum positive joint limits
68
Maximum negative joint limits
69
then invoking an MCT instruction, results in an error 67 (Invalid Transform
position). For more information about error codes, see the Logix5000
Define Configuration Parameters for a SCARA Delta Robot

Link lengths.
Base offset.
End-effector offset.
IMPORTANT
78
Chapter 4
Link Lengths
Links are the rigid mechanical bodies attached at joints. The SCARA Delta
robot has two link pairs each with the same lengths. The link attached to each
actuated joint ( J1 and J2) is L1. The parallel bar assembly attached to link L1 is
link L2.
Base Offset
There is one base offset (X1b) available for the SCARA Delta robot geometry.
Enter the value equal to the distance from the origin of the robot coordinate
system to one of the actuator joints. The base offset value is always a positive
number.
End-effector Offset
There is one end-effector offset (X1e) available for the SCARA Delta robot
geometry. Enter the value for the distance from the center of the moving plate
to one of the spherical joints of the parallel arms. The end-effector value is
always a positive number.
Figure 32 - SCARA Delta End-effector and Base Offset
79
Chapter 4
Configure a Delta Robot with a Negative X1b Offset

Beginning with version 17 of the application, you can use negative offsets for
the X1b base offset on both 2D and 3D delta geometries. For example, a
mechanical 2D delta robot that uses a negative X1b offset has a mechanical
configuration like the one shown here.
-X1b
P1
-X1b
+X1
P2
L1
L1
L2
L2
X1e
L1 = 50.0 units
L2 = 80.0 units
X1b = -10 units
X1e = 15 units
X1e
+X2
The base offset X1b is the value equal to the distance from the origin of the
robot coordinate system to one of the actuator joints. In the previous figure,
one of the actuator joints (P1), is on the negative side of X1. Therefore, the
base offset X1b is measured to be a value of -10 units from the origin of the
coordinate system (X1 - X2 intersection) to P1.
The Logix Designer application coordinate system configuration for the offset
tab used with the example in the previous figure is shown here.
This negative offset description also applies for Delta 3D and SCARA-Delta
Configurations.
80
Arm Solutions
Chapter 4
A Kinematic arm solution is the position of all joints on the robot that
correspond to a Cartesian position. When the Cartesian position is inside the
workspace of the robot, then at least one solution always exists. Many of the
geometries have multiple joint solutions for a single Cartesian position.
Two axis robots - two joint solutions typically exist for a Cartesian
position.
Three axis robots - four joint solutions typically exist for a Cartesian
position.
Left-Arm and Right-Arm Solutions for Two-Axes Robots

A robot having an arm configuration has two Kinematics solutions when
attempting to reach a given position (point A shown in Figure 33). One
solution satisfies the equations for a right-armed robot, the other solution
satisfies the equations for a left-armed robot.
Figure 33 - Right Arm and Left Arm Solutions
Left-Arm Solution
Right-Arm Solution
Solution Mirroring for Three-dimensional Robots

For a three-dimensional Articulated Independent robot, there are four possible
solutions for the same point.
Left-Arm
Right-Arm
Left-Arm Mirror
Right-Arm Mirror
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Chapter 4
For example, consider the Cartesian point XYZ (10,0,15). The joint position
corresponding to this point has four joint solutions. Two of the solutions are
the same as the solutions for the two-dimensional case. The other two
solutions are mirror image solutions where J1 is rotated 180.
Right-Arm
Right-Arm Mirror
J3
J3
J2
J2
Left-Arm Mirror
Left-Arm
J3
J3
J2
J2
Activating Kinematics
ATTENTION: Be sure to choose an arm solution before activating the
Kinematic function. Failure to do so can result in machine damage and/or
serious injury or death to personnel.
Before activating Kinematics, configure the robot in a left-arm or right-arm
solution. The robot stays in the same configuration in which it was activated as
it is moved in Cartesian or source coordinate mode. If activated in a fullyextended-arm mode (this is, neither a left-arm nor a right-arm solution), the
system chooses a left-arm solution.
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Chapter 4
Change the Robot Arm Solution

You can switch the robot from a left-arm solution to a right-arm solution or
vice versa. This is done automatically when a joint move is programmed forcing
a left/right change to occur. After the change is performed, the robot stays in
the new arm solution when Cartesian moves are made. The robot arm solution
changes again (if required) when another joint move is made.
Example: Suppose, you want to move the robot from position A (x1,y1) to
position B (X2,Y2) (see the next figure). At position A, the system is in a left
arm solution. Programming a Cartesian move from A (X1,Y1) to B (X2,Y2)
means that the system moves along the straight line (see the illustration) from
A to B while maintaining a left arm solution. If you want to be at position B in
a right-arm solution, you must make a joint move in J1 from to and a
joint move in J2 from to 2.
Plan for Singularity

A singularity occurs when an infinite number of joint positions (mathematical
solutions) exist for a given Cartesian position. The Cartesian position of a
singularity is dependent on the type of the robot geometry and the size of the
link lengths for the robot. Not all robot geometries have singularity positions.
For example, singularities for an Articulated Independent robot occur when:
the robot manipulator folds its arm back onto itself and the Cartesian
position is at the origin.
the robot is fully stretched at or very near the boundary of its workspace.
An error condition is generated when a singularity position is reached.
ATTENTION: Avoid programming your robot towards a singularity position
when programming in Cartesian mode. The velocity of the robot increases
very rapidly as it approaches a singularity position and can result in injury or
death to personnel.
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Chapter 4
Encounter a No-solution Position

ATTENTION: Avoid programming your robot towards a no solution position
when programming in Cartesian mode. The velocity of the robot increases
very rapidly as it approaches this position and can result in injury or death to
personnel.
When a robot is programmed to move beyond its work envelope, there is no
mathematical joint position for the programmed Cartesian position. The
system forces an error condition.
For example, if an Articulated Independent robot has two 10-inch arms, the
maximum reach is 20 inches. Programming to a Cartesian position beyond 20
inches produces a condition where no mathematical joint position exists.
Configure a SCARA
Independent Robot
The typical SCARA Independent robot has two revolute joints and a single
prismatic joint. This robot is identical to the Articulated Independent twodimensional robot except that the X1-X2 plane is tilted horizontally with a
third linear axis in the vertical direction. Use these guidelines when configuring
a SCARA Independent robot.
Establish the Reference Frame for a SCARA Independent Robot

The reference frame for the SCARA Independent geometry is at the base of
link L1.
Figure 34 - SCARA Independent Robot Reference Frame
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Chapter 4
The internal Kinematic equations are written as if the start position for the
SCARA Independent robot joints are as shown in Figure 35.
Figure 35 - Joint and Link Start Position that Kinematics Equations use for the SCARA
Independent Robots
Top View
+J1 is measured counterclockwise around +X3 axis starting at an angle

of J1 =0.0 when L1 is along the X1 axis.
+J2 is measured counterclockwise starting with J2 = 0 when Link L2 is
aligned with Link L1.
+J3 is a prismatic axis that moves parallel to +X3 axis.
For information about alternate methods for establishing a reference frame, see
Configure an Articulated Independent Robot on page 53.
When configuring the parameters for the Source coordinate system and the
Target coordinate system for a SCARA Independent robot, keep the following
information in mind:
Set the transform dimension value to two for both the source and target
coordinate systems because only J1 and J2 are involved in the
transformations.
The Z axis is configured as a member of both the source and target
coordinate systems.
For additional information about establishing a reference frame, see Configure
an Articulated Independent Robot on page 53.
85
Chapter 4
Figure 36 - Example Source and Target Coordinate Systems for a SCARA Independent Robot
Source Coordinate System Configuration
Target Coordinate System Configuration
Identify the Work Envelope for a SCARA Independent Robot

reaching boundaries for the robot arm. The work envelope for the SCARA
Independent robot is a hollow cylinder with:
a height equal to the travel limit of the J3 axis.
an inner radius (R1) equal to |L1-L2|.
an outer radius (R2) equal to |L1+L2|.
Figure 37 - Example Work Envelope for a SCARA Independent Robot
86
Chapter 4
Define Configuration Parameters for a SCARA Independent Robot

Link lengths.
Base offsets.
IMPORTANT
Figure 38 illustrates the typical configuration parameters for a SCARA

Independent robot.
Figure 38 - SCARA Independent
L1= 10
L2= 8
87
Chapter 4
Link Lengths
Figure 39 - Configuring Link Lengths for a SCARA Independent Robot

For the robot shown in SCARA Independent above,
the Link Length values are:
L1 = 20
L2 = 40
Base offsets and end-effector offsets do not apply to a SCARA Independent

robot configuration.
Error Conditions
Kinematics error conditions are detected:

upon activation of a transformation by executing an MCT instruction.
in some movement conditions.
Errors can occur for certain movement conditions for either the source
or target coordinate system after a transformation has been established.
These types of errors are reported in the MCT instruction error codes.
Singularity and other movement error conditions are also reported in
the MCT error codes.
computing an invalid position via an MCTP instruction.
For more information about error codes, see the Logix5000 Controllers
Motion Instructions Reference Manual, publication MOTION-RM002.
88
Chapter 4
Monitor Status Bits for Kinematics

You can monitor the status of the Kinematics functions by using Logix
Designer application status bits.
To see if
Check this tag
And this bit
For
A coordinate system is the source

of an active transform
Coordinate system
TransformSourceStatus
On
A coordinate system is the target

of an active transform
Coordinate system
TransformTargetStatus
On
An axis is part of an active

transform
Axis
TransformStateStatus
On
An axis is moving because of a

transform
Axis
ControlledByTransformStatus
On
89
Chapter 4
Notes:
90
Chapter
Configure an Articulated Dependent Robot
Topic
Page
Reference Frame
91
Methods to Establish a Reference Frame
93
Work Envelope
96
97
The Articulated Dependent robot has motors for the elbow and the shoulder
at the base of the robot. The dependent link controls J3 at the elbow. Use these
guidelines when configuring an Articulated Dependent robot.
ATTENTION: Before turning ON the Transform and/or establishing the
reference frame, do the following for the joints of the target coordinate
system:
1. Set and enable the soft travel limits.
2.Enable the hard travel limits.
Failure to do this can allow the robot to move outside of the work envelope
causing machine damage and/or serious injury or death to personnel.
Reference Frame
The reference frame is the Cartesian (typically the source) coordinate frame
that defines the origin and the three primary axes (X1, X2, and X3). These axes
are used to measure the real Cartesian positions.
causing machine damage and/or injury or death to personnel.
The reference frame for an Articulated Dependent robot is at the base of the
robot as shown in Figure 40.
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Chapter 5
Figure 40 - Articulated Dependent 1
Before you begin establishing the Joint-to-Cartesian reference frame

relationship, it is important to know some information about how the
Kinematic mathematical equations in the ControlLogix controllers were
written. The equations were written as if the Articulated Dependent robot
joints were positioned as shown in Figure 40.
+J1 is measured counterclockwise around the +X3 axis starting at an
angle of J1=0 when L1 and L2 are both in the X1-X2 plane.
+J2 is measured counterclockwise starting with J2=0 when L1 is parallel
to X1-X2 plane.
+J3 is measured counterclockwise with J3=0 when L2 is parallel to the
X1-X2 plane.
J1 = 0
J2 = 0
J3 = 0
Side View
X3
X1
92
Chapter 5
J1 = 0
J2 = 90
J3 = -90
Side View
If the physical position and joint angle values of your robot cannot match those
shown in Figure 41 or in Figure 42, use one of the methods that are outlined in
this section to establish the Joint-to-Cartesian reference frame relationship.
potentially resulting in damage to property or injury to personnel.
Methods to Establish a
Reference Frame
The following methods let you establish a reference frame for an Articulated
Independent robot.
For each
Use one of these methods to establish the reference frame
Incremental axis
Each time the power of the robot is cycled.
Absolute axis
Only when you establish absolute home.
Method 1 - establishes a Zero Angle Orientation and lets the configured

travel limits and home position on the joint axes remain operational. Use
this method if you are operating the axes between the travel limits
determined before programming a Motion Redefine Position (MRP)
instruction and want these travel limits to stay operational.
Method 2 - uses a Motion Redefine Position (MRP) instruction to
redefine the axes position to align with the Joint reference frame. This
method can require the soft travel limits to be adjusted to the new
reference frame.
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Chapter 5

Each axis for the robot has the mechanical hard stop in each of the positive and
negative directions. Manually move or press each axis of the robot against its
associated mechanical hard stop and redefine it to the hard limit actual
position provided by the robot manufacturer. J1 is the axis at the base of the
robot that rotates around X3.
When the robot is moved so that Link1 is parallel to the X3 axis and Link2 is
parallel to X1 axis as shown in Figure 42, the Logix Designer application values
for the Actual Position tags are:
J1 = 0
J2 = 90
J3 = 0
If the Logix Designer application Actual Position tags do not show these
values, configure the Zero Angle Orientation for the joint or joints that do not
correspond.
94
If the Logix Designer application read-out values

are
Set the Zero Angle Orientations on the Coordinate

System Properties dialog to
J1 = 10
J2 = 80
J3 = 5
Z1 = -10
Z2 = 10
Z3 = -5
Chapter 5
Figure 43 - Example of Zero Angle Orientation for an Articulated Dependent Robot
Set the Zero Angle Orientations.

Position the robot so that:
L1 is parallel to the X3 axis.
L2 is parallel to X1 axis.
Program a Motion Redefine Position (MRP) instruction for all three axes to
with the following values 0, 90, and 0.
The controller automatically established the Joint-to-Cartesian reference
frame relationship after the Joint coordinate system parameters (link lengths,
base offsets, and end-effector offsets) are configured and the MCT instruction
is enabled.
95
Chapter 5
Work Envelope
If the range-of-motion values for the

articulated robot are
reaching boundaries for the robot arm. The work envelope of an articulated
robot is ideally a complete sphere having an inner radius equal to |L1- L2| and
outer radius equal to |L1+L2|. However, due to the range of motion
limitations on individual joints, the work envelope is not always a complete
sphere.
Typically, the work envelope is
J1 = 170
J2 = 0...180
J3 = 60
L1 = 10
L2 = 12
Top view - Depicts the envelope of the tool center point sweep in J1 and J3 while J2 remains at a fixed position of 0.
Side view Depicts the envelope of the tool center point sweep in J2 and J3 while J1 remains at a fixed position of 0.
96
Chapter 5
Logix Designer application can be configured for control of robots with varied
reach and payload capacities. As a result, it is important to know the
configuration parameter values for your robot including:
Link lengths
Base offsets
The configuration parameter information is available from the robot
manufacturer.
IMPORTANT
Figure 44 illustrates the typical configuration parameters for an Articulated

Dependent robot.
L2 = 12 inches
X3
X1e = 2 inches
L1 = 10 inches
-X3e1 = 3.0 inches

Tool reference frame
X3b = 4.0 inches

Robot Origin
X1b = 3.0 inches

If the robot is two-dimensional, then X3b and X3e is X2b and X2e respectively.
Link Lengths
For an articulated dependent
robot with
The length of
Is equal to the value of the distance

between
Two-dimensions
L1
L2
J1 and J2
Three-dimensions
L1
L2
J2 and J3
97
Chapter 5
Figure 45 - Example of Link Lengths for an Articulated Dependent Robot

For the robot shown in our example, the Link Length values
are:
L1 = 10.0
L2 = 12.0
Base Offsets
The base offset is a set of coordinate values that redefines the origin of the
robot. The correct base-offset values are typically available from the robot
manufacturer. Enter the values for the base offsets in the X1b and X3b fields of
the Coordinate System Properties dialog.
Figure 46 - Example of Base Offsets for an Articulated Independent Robot
Enter the Base Offset values.

For the robot shown in our example, the Base Offset
values are:
X1b = 3.0
X3b = 4.0
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Chapter 5
The robot can have an end-effector attached to the end of robot link L2. If
there is an attached end-effector, then you must configure the end-effector
offset value on the Coordinate System Properties dialog. The end-effector
offsets are defined regarding the tool reference frame at the tool tip.
Figure 47 - Example of End-effector Values for an Articulated Independent Robot
Enter the end-effector offset values.

For the robot shown in our example, the
end-effector values are:
X1e = 2.0
X3e = -3.0
99
Chapter 5
Notes:
100
Chapter
Configure a Cartesian Gantry Robot
Topic
Page
Establish the Reference Frame for a Cartesian Gantry Robot
101
Identify the Work Envelope for a Cartesian Gantry Robot
101
Define Configuration Parameters for a Cartesian Gantry Robot
102
Use these guidelines when configuring a Cartesian Gantry robot.
Establish the Reference

Frame for a Cartesian Gantry
Robot
For a Cartesian Gantry robot, the reference frame is an orthogonal set of X1,
X2, and X3 axes positioned anywhere on the Cartesian robot. All global
coordinate measurements (points) are relative to this reference frame.
Typically, the reference frame is aligned with the X1, X2, and X3 axes of the
machine.
Figure 48 - Cartesian Reference Frame
Cartesian XYZ reference frame
To establish a Local coordinate system with axes positions different from the
reference frame, use the Motion Redefine Position (MRP) instruction to reset
the position register. You can also use the Offset Vector in the MCT transform
instruction to establish an offset between the Local coordinate system and the
reference frame.
For more information about Motion Instructions, see Logix5000 Controllers
Motion Instructions Reference Manual, publication MOTION-RM002.
Identify the Work Envelope

for a Cartesian Gantry Robot
The work envelope for a Cartesian Gantry robot is typically a solid rectangle of
length, width, and height that is equal to the axis travel limits.
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Chapter 6
Configure a Cartesian Gantry Robot
Define Configuration
Parameters for a Cartesian
Gantry Robot
102
You do not need to define the link lengths, base offset, or end-effector offset
configuration parameters for a Cartesian Gantry robot.
Chapter
About Cartesian H-bots
Topic
Page
About Cartesian H-bots
103
Establish the Reference Frame for a Cartesian H-bot
104
Identify the Work Envelope for a Cartesian H-bot
104
Define Configuration Parameters for a Cartesian H-bot
105
The H-bot is a special type of Cartesian two-axis gantry robot. This type of
machine has three rails positioned in the form of a letter H. Two motors are
positioned at the end of each leg of the robot. Unlike a standard gantry robot,
neither motor is riding on top of the moving rails. Use these guidelines when
configuring a Cartesian H-bot.
Figure 49 - Cartesian H-bot
Sliding Member
X2 X2 Virt
X1
TCP
X1 Virt
Sliding rail
Stationary Rails
Stationary Motors A
Stationary Motors B
In Figure 49, the X1 and X2 axes are the real axes on the robot. X1 Virt and X2
Virt are configured as the virtual axes.
The configuration of the H-bot mechanical linkages enables it to move at a 45
angle to the axes when either motor A or motor B is rotated.
For example, when:
Motor A (X1 axis) is rotated, the robot moves along a straight line at
+ 45 angle
Motor B (X2 axis) is rotated, the machine moves at an angle of -45.
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Chapter 7
Motors A and B are both rotated clockwise at the same speed, then the
machine moves along a horizontal line
Motors A and B are both rotated counterclockwise at the same speed
then the machine moves along a vertical line
Any X,Y position can be reached by properly programming the two motors.
For example, a move of (X1 = 10, X2 = 0) causes the X1X2 axes to move to a
position of (X1=7.0711, X2=7.0711). A move to (X1=10, X2 =10) causes the
robot to move to a position of (X1=0, X2=14.142).
While this configuration can be very confusing for a programmer, utilizing the
Logix Designer application Kinematics function configured with two
Cartesian coordinate systems and a -45 rotation easily performs the function.
To configure two Cartesian coordinate systems, Coordinate system 1 (CS1)
and Coordinate system 2 (CS2), each containing two linear axes, use the
following steps.
1. Configure CS1 to contain the virtual X1 and X2 axes.
2. Configure CS2 to contain the real X1 and X2 axes.
3. Configure the Orientation vector of the MCT instruction as (0,0, -45),
a negative degree rotation around the X3 axis.
4. Configure the Translation vector as (0, 0, 0).
5. Link the CS1 and CS2 by using a MCT instruction.
6. Home the H-bot and then program all moves in CS1.
The machine moves the tool center point (TCP) to the programmed coordinates in
CS2. The -45 rotation introduced by the Kinematics, counteracts the 45
rotation introduced by the mechanics of the machine and the H-bot moves to the CS1
configured coordinates. As a result, a programmed move of X1virt=10, X2virt=5
moves to a real mechanical position of X1=10, X2=5.
Establish the Reference

Frame for a Cartesian H-bot
For a Cartesian H-bot, the Base coordinate system is an orthogonal set of X1,
X2 axes postponed anywhere on the Cartesian H-bot. Do not rotate the
angular rotation of the reference frame for this robot because the angular
rotation vector is used to achieve the 45 rotation required for mechanical
operation.
Identify the Work Envelope

for a Cartesian H-bot
The work envelope for a Cartesian H-bot is a rectangle of length and width
equal to the axis soft travel limits.
104
Define Configuration
Parameters for a Cartesian
H-bot
Chapter 7
You do not need to define the link lengths, base offset, or end-effector offset
configuration parameters for a Cartesian H-bot.
105
Chapter 7
Notes:
106
Chapter
Configure Camming
This chapter describes camming concepts. You use the motion coordinated
instructions to move as many as three axes in a coordinate system. Descriptions
of these instructions are in the Logix5000 Controllers Motion Instructions
Reference Manual, publication MOTION-RM002.
Camming Concepts
Topic
Page
Camming Concepts
107
Cam Profiles
109
Scaling Cams
115
Cam Execution Modes
117
Execution Schedule
117
Pending Cams
122
Camming is the process of coordinating the movement of a master axis and a

slave axis, where the movement of one is dependent on the movement of the
other.
There are two types of camming:
Mechanical Camming
Electronic Camming
IMPORTANT
Logix5000 motion control applications use electronic camming. A brief

description of mechanical camming provides you an understanding of both
types of camming. However, the remainder of this publication describes how
to use electronic camming in your motion control application.
Mechanical Camming
In mechanical camming, the master axis functions as a cam. A cam is an
eccentric wheel that is mounted on a rotating shaft and used to produce
variable or reciprocating motion in another engaged part, that is, the slave axis.
The slave axis is also known as a follower assembly.
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Chapter 8
Configure Camming
Mechanical camming has the following characteristics:

There is a physical connection between the cam and the follower.
The follower conforms to the cam shape as the cam unit rotates.
Motion is limited by the cam shape.
This figure illustrates a mechanical cam turning in a clockwise manner and the
affect it has on a follower that is physically connected to it.
Figure 50 - Mechanical Cams
Follower
Cam
44949
Electronic Camming
Electronic camming is an electronic replacement for a mechanical camming. In
this case, there is still a master axis that produces variable and reciprocating
motion in a slave axis. However, electronic camming coordinates the
movement of the two separate axes without a physical connection between
them. There is no physical cam or follower assembly.
In addition to removing the physical connection between axes, electronic
camming:
Creates coordinated motion profiles that are functions of the time or
relative position of another axis.
Allows you to configure higher cam velocities.
Is defined by using a point pair table of values. This table is a master
axis set of point positioning values and a corresponding set of slave axis
point positioning values.
The user-defined position point array causes one closed-loop axis to
move with another open or closed-loop axis.
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Configure Camming
Cam Profiles
Chapter 8
A cam profile is a representation of non-linear motion, that is, a motion profile

that includes a start point, end point, and all points and segments in between.
An array of cam elements represents a cam profile. The point pair that is used
in a cam profile determines slave axis movement in response to master axis
positions or times.
In a motion control application, you can use two different types of general cam
profiles to accomplish electronic camming:
Position Cam Profile
Time Cam Profile
Position Cam Profile

Position-lock cams provide the capability of implementing non-linear
electronic gearing relationships between two axes based on a Cam Profile.
Upon execution of this instruction, the axis that is specified as the slave is
synchronized with the axis designated as the master.
A position cam profile is defined by using a table of points that contains the
following information:
An array of master axis position values
An array of slave axis position values
The master axis position values correspond to the slave axis position values.
When the master axis reaches a specific position, the slave axis moves to its
specific corresponding point, as defined in the table of points for the cam
profile.
Additionally, a position cam profile does the following:
Provides the capability of implementing non-linear electronic gearing
relationships between two axes
Does not use maximum velocity, acceleration, or deceleration limits
Position cam profiles are used with Motion Axis Position Cam (MAPC)
instructions. Upon execution of this instruction, the slave axis is synchronized
with the master axis.
See the Logix5000 Controllers Motion Instructions Reference Manual,
publication MOTION-RM002, for more information on how to configure
the position cam profile in an MAPC instruction.
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Chapter 8
Configure Camming
Linear and Cubic Interpolation

The resultant calculated cam profiles are fully interpolated. The linear or cubic
interpolation between adjacent points determines the slave axis position if the
following is true:
The current master position or time does not correspond exactly with a
point in the cam array that is used to generate the cam profile.
In this way, the smoothest possible slave motion is provided. The MCCP
instruction accomplishes this condition by calculating coefficients to a
polynomial equation that determines slave position as a function of master
position or time.
Each point in the cam array that is used to generate the position cam profile can
be configured for linear or cubic interpolation. Electronic camming remains
active through any subsequent execution of jog, or move processes for the slave
axis. This condition allows electronic camming motions to be superimposed
with jog, or move profiles to create complex motion and synchronization.
Time Cam Profile

A time cam profile functions similarly to a cam drum driven by a constant
speed motor.
A time cam profile is also defined by using a table of points. However, with the
time cam profile, the table contains the following information:
An array of master axis time values
An array of slave axis position values
The master axis time values correspond to slave axis position value. When the
master axis reaches a specific point in time, the slave axis moves to a specific
position as configured in the cam profile.
Time cam profiles are used with Motion Axis Time Cam (MATC)
instructions. Upon execution of this instruction, the slave axis is synchronized
with the master axis.
See the Logix5000 Controllers Motion Instructions Reference Manual,
publication MOTION-RM002, for more information on how to configure
the position cam profile in an MATC instruction.
Linear and Cubic Interpolation

Time cams are fully interpolated. The linear or cubic interpolation between
the adjacent points determines the slave axis position if the following is true:
The current master time value does not correspond exactly with a point
in the cam table that is associated with the cam profile
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Configure Camming
Chapter 8
In this way, the smoothest possible slave motion is provided.

Each point in the cam array that was used to generate the time cam profile can
be configured for linear or cubic interpolation.
Electronic camming remains active through any subsequent execution of jog,
or move processes for the slave axis. This condition allows electronic camming
motions to be superimposed with jog, or move profiles to create complex
motion and synchronization.
Calculating a Cam Profile

You can use a Motion Calculate Cam Profile (MCCP) instruction to calculate
a cam profile based on an array of cam points. You can establish an array of cam
points programmatically or by using the Logix Designer software Cam Profile
Editor. Each cam point in the cam array consists of a slave position value, a
master position (position cam) or time (time cam) value, and an interpolation
type (linear or cubic). An MAPC or MATC instruction can use the resulting
cam profile to govern the motion of a slave axis according to master position or
time.
Using Common Cam Profiles
There are four common cam profiles that can be used as position cam or time
cam profiles:
Acceleration Cam Profile
Run Cam Profile
Deceleration Cam Profile
Dwell Cam Profile
Cam profiles are configured for each required slave axis change of position, as
corresponds to specific master axis position or time positions.
Acceleration Cam Profile

An acceleration cam profile determines a slave axis acceleration to a particular
position. This graphic illustrates a sample acceleration cam profile in the Logix
Designer programming software cam editor.
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Chapter 8
Configure Camming
Figure 51 - Acceleration Cam Profile
Run Cam Profile

A run cam profile determines the movement of a slave axis. This process begins
when the master axis reaches a specific position and remains steady until the
end of the cam profile. Figure 52 illustrates a sample run cam profile in the
Logix Designer programming software cam editor.
Figure 52 - Run Cam Profile
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Configure Camming
Chapter 8
Deceleration Cam Profile

A deceleration cam profile determines the deceleration of a slave axis from a
particular position. Figure 53 illustrates a sample deceleration cam profile in
the Logix Designer programming software cam editor.
Figure 53 - Deceleration Cam Profile
Dwell Cam Profile

A dwell cam profile stops all slave axis movement until another cam profile
begins operation. Typically, a dwell cam profile follows a deceleration cam
profile. Figure 54 illustrates a sample dwell cam profile in the Logix Designer
programming software cam editor.
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Chapter 8
Configure Camming
Figure 54 - Dwell Cam Profile
Behavior of Pending Cams

If you want to run one profile and then pend another one, you must execute the
MAPC instructions in the right order.
For example, if you want to run only one slave cycle, start with the
Accel_Profile and pend the Decel_Profile immediately, that results in
2 x Cycle = 1 Cycle. Both of these actions are executed at the same point in
time:
Set the execution schedule in the MAPC instruction for Acceleration as
Immediate.
Set the Deceleration to Pending.
Execution Schedule: Immediate
114
Execution Schedule: Pending
Configure Camming
Scaling Cams
Chapter 8
You can use the scaling feature to determine the general form of the motion
profile with one stored cam profile. With this feature, one standard cam profile
can be used to generate a family of specific cam profiles.
Scaling works slightly differently when it is used with an MAPC instruction, in
position cam profiles, than when it is used with an MATC instruction, in time
cam profiles.
Scaling Position Cam Profiles

A position cam profile can be scaled in both the master dimension and slave
dimension when it is executed. The scaling parameters are then used to define
the total master or slave travel over which the profile is executed, as shown in
Figure 55.
The master and slave values that the cam profile array defines take on the
position units of the master and slave axes respectively. This process occurs
when an MAPC instruction specifies a position cam profile array. By contrast,
the Master and Slave Scaling parameters are unit-less values that are used as
multipliers to the cam profile.
Figure 55 - Cam Profile Array
Profile Scaled with Master and Slave Scaling
Profile Scaled with Slave Scaling
Profile Scaled with Master Scaling
Master Axis Position

Profile Stored in Cam Profile Array
By default, both the Master Scaling and Slave Scaling parameters are set to 1.
To scale a position cam profile, enter a Master Scaling or Slave Scaling value
other than 1.
If you increase the Master Scaling value of a position cam profile, it decreases
the velocities and accelerations of the profile. However, if you increase the slave
scaling value, it increases the velocities and accelerations of the profile.
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Chapter 8
Configure Camming
To maintain the velocities and accelerations of the scaled profile approximately

equal to the values of the unscaled profile, the Master Scaling and Slave Scaling
values must be equal. For example, if the Slave Scaling value of a profile is 2, the
Master Scaling value must also be 2. This requirement is to maintain
approximately equal velocities and accelerations during execution of the scaled
position cam.
ATTENTION: Decreasing the Master Scaling value or increasing the Slave
Scaling value of a position cam increases the required velocities and
accelerations of the profile. This can cause a motion fault if the capabilities of
the drive system are exceeded.
Scaling Time Cam Profiles

A time cam profile can be scaled in both time and distance when it is executed.
The master coordinate values that the cam profile array defines take on the
time units and the slave values take on the units of the slave axis. This process
occurs when an MATC instruction specifies a time cam profile array. By
contrast, the Time and Distance Scaling parameters are unitless values that are
used as multipliers to the cam profile.
Figure 56 - Scaling Time Cam Profile
Slave Axis
Position
Profile Scaled with

Distance Scaling
Profile Scaled in Time

and Distance Scaling
Profile Scaled with
Time Scaling
Master Time
Profile Stored
in Cam Profile Array
By default, both the Time and Distance Scaling parameters are set to 1. To scale
a time cam profile, enter a Time Scaling or Distance Scaling value other than 1.
If you increase the Time Scaling value of a time cam profile, it decreases the
velocities and accelerations of the profile. However, if you increase the Distance
Scaling value, it increases the velocities and accelerations of the profile.
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Configure Camming
Chapter 8
To maintain the velocities and accelerations of the scaled profile approximately

equal to the values of the unscaled profile, the Time Scaling and Distance
Scaling values must be equal. For example, if the Distance Scaling value of a
profile is 2, the Time Scaling value must also be 2. This requirement is to
maintain approximately equal velocities and accelerations during execution of
the scaled time cam.
IMPORTANT
Cam Execution Modes
If you decrease the Time Scaling value or increase the Distance Scaling of a
time cam, it increases the required velocities and accelerations of the profile.
This action can cause a motion fault if the capabilities of the drive system are
exceeded.
Cam execution modes determine if the cam profile is executed only one time or
repeatedly. You must configure the Execution Mode parameter on an MAPC
or MATC instruction.
Table 14 - Execution Mode Descriptions
Execution Mode
Description
Once
Cam motion of slave axis starts only when the master axis moves into the range defined
by the start and end points of the cam profile. When the master axis moves beyond the
defined range, cam motion on the slave axis stops and the Process Complete bit is set.
Slave motion does not resume if the master axis moves back into the cam profile range.
Continuous
Once started, the cam profile is executed indefinitely. In this mode, the master and slave
positions are unwound when the position of the master axis moves outside the profile
range. This unwinding causes the cam profile to repeat. This feature is useful in rotary
applications where it is necessary that the cam position runs continuously in a rotary or
reciprocating fashion.
Persistent(1)
The cam motion of the slave axis proceeds only when the master axis moves within the
range defined by the start and end points of the cam profile. When the master axis moves
beyond the range of the profile, cam motion on the slave axis stops. Cam motion only
resumes when the master moves back into the profile range specified by the start and end
points.
(1) This selection is only available on the MAPC instruction.
Execution Schedule
The Execution Schedule parameter controls the execution of an instruction.

You must configure the Execution Schedule parameter on an MAPC or
MATC instruction. The Execution Schedule selections are different
depending on which instruction, that is, the MAPC instruction or the MATC
instruction, you are using.
MAPC Instruction
The Execution Schedule parameter selections are the following:
Immediate
Pending
Forward Only
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Configure Camming
Reverse Only
Bidirectional
Immediate
By default, the MAPC instruction is scheduled to execute Immediately. In this
case, there is no delay to the enabling of the position camming process and the
Master Lock Position parameter is irrelevant. The slave axis is immediately
locked to the master axis, which begins at the Cam Lock Position of the
specific cam profile.
When the MAPC instruction is executed, the camming process is initiated on
the specified slave axis. The Position Cam Status bit in the Motion Status word
of the slave axis is also set. If the Execution Schedule is Immediate, the slave axis
is immediately locked to the master according to the specified Cam Profile.
The fact that the Position Cam Lock Status bit for the specified slave axis is
also set indicates this condition.
Figure 57 - Immediate Execution
Slave Axis
Position
Cam
Start
Position
Cam Profile
Master Axis
Position
Position Cam Lock Status
Position Cam Status

Position Cam
Initiated
Changing the Cam Lock Position on an MAPC Immediate Execution Schedule

The Cam Lock Position parameter of the MAPC instruction determines the
starting location within the cam profile when the slave locks to the master.
Typically, the Cam Lock Position is set to the beginning of the cam profile.
Because the starting point of most cam tables is 0, the Cam Lock Position is
typically set to 0. Alternatively, the Cam Lock Position can be set to any
position within the master range of the cam profile. If a Cam Lock Position is
specified that is out of this range, the MAPC instruction errors.
The diagram Figure 58 shows the effect of specifying a Cam Lock Position
value other than the starting point of the cam table. In this case, the value
represents a position within the cam profile itself. Be careful not to define a
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Configure Camming
Chapter 8
Cam Start Point that results in a velocity or acceleration discontinuity to the

slave axis if the master axis is moving.
Figure 58 - Changing the Cam Lock Position
Slave Axis
Position
Cam
Start
Position
Cam Profile
Master Axis
Position
Position Cam Lock
Status
Position Cam Status
Position Cam
Initiated
Pending
The execution of an MAPC instruction can be deferred pending completion of
a currently executing position cam. You can use Execution Schedule selection
of Pending to blend two position cam profiles together without stopping
motion.
This Execution Schedule selection of Pending is fully described in
Pending Cams on page 122.
Forward Only, Reverse Only, or Bidirectional Execution Schedules

The slave axis is not locked to the master until the master axis satisfies the
condition that is specified when the Execution Schedule parameter is set to any
of the following parameters:
Forward Only
Reverse Only
Bidirectional
With any of these selections, the camming process monitors the master axis to
determine when the master axis passes the specified Master Lock Position in
the specified direction. In a rotary axis configuration, this lock criterion is still
valid, independent of the turns count.
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Chapter 8
Configure Camming
IMPORTANT
The cam profile generator monitors the master axis based on the absolute
position reference system in effect before the redefine position operation.
This process only occurs if the position reference of the master axis is
redefined with a Motion Redefine Position (MRP) instruction after the MAPC
instruction executes but before the lock condition is satisfied.
Figure 59 - Forward Only, Reverse Only, or Bidirectional Execution

Slave Axis
Position
Master
Start
Position
Cam Profile
Master Axis
Position
Position Cam Lock Status
Position Cam Status

Position Cam
Initiated
The Position Cam Status bit of the Motion Status word for specified slave axis
is set. This process occurs when the absolute position of the master axis passes
the specified Master Lock Position in the specified direction. Slave axis motion
is then initiated according to the specified cam profile starting at the specified
Cam Lock Position of the cam profile.
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Chapter 8
From this point on, only the incremental change in the master axis position
determines the corresponding slave axis position from the defined cam profile.
This condition is important for applications where the master axis is a rotary
axis because the position cam is then unaffected by the position unwind
process.
When the master axis moves out of the range that the cam profile defines, if
Execution Mode is Once, the following occur:
It clears the Position Cam Lock Status
It clears the Position Cam Status bits of the Motion Status word
This Motion Status bit condition indicates that the cam process has
completed. This fact is also reflected in the bit leg behavior of the associated
MAPC instruction, PC bit set, and IP bit clear.
The master axis can change direction and the slave axis reverses accordingly.
This process occurs after position cam motion is started when the master axis
passes the specified Master Lock Position in either the Forward Only or
Reverse Only direction.
If an MAPC instruction is executed on a slave axis that is actively position
camming, an Illegal Dynamic Change error is generated (error code 23).
However, this error does not occur if the Execution Schedule is Pending.
MATC Instruction
An MATC instruction uses one of two Execution Schedule parameters:
Immediate
Pending
Immediate
By default, the MATC instruction is scheduled to execute immediately because
the default setting of Execution Schedule is Immediate. In this case, there is no
delay to the enabling of the time camming process.
When the MATC instruction is executed, the camming process is initiated on
the specified axis. The Time Cam Status bit in the Motion Status word for the
axis is also set. This process is shown in Figure 60. If the Execution Schedule
parameter is set to Immediate, the axis is immediately locked to the time master
coordinate according to the specified Cam Profile.
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Chapter 8
Configure Camming
Figure 60 - Time Cam Status

Cam Profile
Axis
Position
Cam
Start
Position
Time
Time Cam Status
Time Cam
Initiated
If an MATC instruction is executed on an axis that is already actively time

camming, an Illegal Dynamic Change error is generated (error code 23). The
only exception for this occurrence is if the Execution Schedule is specified as
pending.
Pending
The execution of a MATC instruction can be deferred pending completion of
a currently executing time cam profile. You can use Execution Schedule
selection of Pending to blend two time cam profiles together without stopping
motion.
Pending Cams
Cam pending is a technique that lets the blending of one cam profile together
with another without stopping either master or slave axis movement. An
Execution Schedule selection of Pending can thus be used to blend two
position cam profiles together without stopping motion.
The Pending execution feature is useful when the axis must be accelerated up
to speed by using a specific velocity profile. When this acceleration profile is
done, it must be smoothly blended into the operating cam profile, which is
typically executed continuously. To stop the slave axis, the operating cam
profile is smoothly blended into a deceleration profile such that the axis stops
at a known location, as shown in graphic Pending Cam Execution.
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Chapter 8
Figure 61 - Pending Cam Execution
Accel Profile
MAPC Instruction
Run Profile
Decel Profile
Slave Axis
Position
Accel Profile
MATC Instruction
Run Profile
Decel Profile
Slave Axis
Position
Master Axis Time
By executing the position cam profile as a Pending cam profile while the
current profile is still executing, the appropriate cam profile parameters are
configured ahead of time. This condition makes the transition from the
current profile to the pending profile seamless. Synchronization between the
master and slave axes is maintained. To make sure of smooth motion across the
transition, however, the profiles must be designed as follows. No position,
velocity, or acceleration discontinuities can exist between the end of the
current profile and the start of the new one. This process is done by using the
Logix Designer Cam Profile Editor.
Once a pending position cam instruction has been executed, the new cam
profile takes effect automatically (and becomes the current profile). This
process occurs when the master axis passes through either the start or end point
of the current profile. If the current cam is configured to execute once, the new
profile is initiated at the completion of the current cam profile. The PC bit of
the currently active instruction (either MAPC or MATC) is also set.
If the current cam is configured to execute continuously, the new profile is
initiated at the completion of the current pass through the current cam profile.
The IP bit of the currently active instruction is also cleared. The motion
controller tracks the master axis position or time, depending on which
instruction is used. The slave axis position relative to the first profile at the time
123
Chapter 8
Configure Camming
of the change and uses this information to maintain synchronization between

the profiles.
If the Execution Schedule of an instruction is set to Immediate and a position
or time cam profile is in process, the instruction errs. In this case, the
instruction generates an Illegal Dynamic Change error, error code 23, in the
programming software. This error even occurs when the axis is waiting to lock
onto the master axis.
If an Execution Schedule of Pending is selected without a corresponding
position or time cam profile in progress, the instruction executes. However, no
camming motion occurs until another instruction with a non-pending
Execution Schedule is initiated. This process allows pending cam profiles to be
preloaded before executing the initial cam. This method addresses cases where
immediate cams would finish before the pending cam could be reliably loaded.
124
Configure Camming
Chapter 8
The Position or Time Cam Pending Status bit of the Motion Status word for
the specified slave axis is set to 1 (true). This process occurs after a Pending
position cam has been configured. When the pending (new) profile is initiated
and becomes the current profile, Position or Time Cam Pending Status bit is
immediately cleared as shown in Figure 62.
Figure 62 - Pending Position Cam
Current
Profile
MAPC Instruction
New
Profile
Slave Axis
Position

Position Cam
Pending Status
Pending (New)
Position Cam
Configured
Current
Profile
MATC Instruction
New
Profile
Slave Axis
Position
Master Axis Time

Time Cam
Pending Status
Pending (New)
Position Cam
Configured
125
Chapter 8
Configure Camming
Notes:
126
Index
A
acceleration 111
acceleration cam 111
Arm Solution
definition of
configuring 81
base offsets 98
define configuration parameters 97
end effector offsets 99
establish the reference frame 91
establish the reference frame alternate
methods 93
identify the work envelope 96
link lengths 97
base offsets 61
configuration parameters 59
end effector offsets 62
establish reference frame 53, 59
establish reference frame methods 55
link lengths 60
axis
inhibit 47, 53
B
behavior 114
bidirectional 117
C
calulating 111
cam 115, 118
master axis 109
cam execution modes 117
cam pending 122
cam profile 109, 111
cam profile array 115
cam profile editor 111
cam profile scaling time 116
cam shape 108
Cartesian Gantry
establish reference frame 101
Cartesian H-bot
changing 118
coefficients
calculating 110
Collinear Moves
velocity profiles
termination types 41
common cam profiles 111
Configure 62, 65
Coordinate System Dialog Boxes

Dynamics 17
General 17
Geometry 17
Manual Adjust 17
Offset 17
Tag 17
Units 17
Coordinate System Properties
Dynamics Tab 25
Manual Adjust 27
Manual Adjust Button 27
Position Tolerance Box, Actual 27
Position Tolerance Box, Command 27
Vector Box 25
Vector Box, Maximum Acceleration 26
Vector Box, Maximum Acceleration
Jerk 26
Vector Box, Maximum Deceleration 26
Vector Box, Maximum Deceleration
Jerk 26
Vector Box, Maximum Speed 26
Editing 18
General Tab 19
Axis Grid 19
Axis Name 20
Brackets 19
Coordinate 19
Coordination Mode 20
Dimension 19
Ellipsis 20
Ellipsis button 19
Enable Coordinate System Auto Tag
Update 20
Motion Group 19
New Group button 19
Transform Dimension 19
Type 19
Geometry Tab 21
Link Lengths 21
zero angle orientations box 22
Joints Tab 24
Joint Ratio 24
Joint Units 24
Offsets Tab 23
Base Offsets 24
Tag Tab 29
Data Type 29
Description 29
Name 29
Scope 29
Tag Type 29
Units Tab
Axis Grid 23
Axis Grid, Axis Name 23
Axis Grid, Conversion Ratio 23
Axis Grid, Conversion Ratio Units 23
Coordination Units 22
Coordinate system properties
Offsets Tab
End Effector 24
cubic 110
127
Index
D
deceleration 111
deceleration cam 113
Delta 62
Delta Robot
Maximum Negative Joint Limit Condition 69
Maximum Positive Joint Limit Condition 68,
69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 78
types
configure 62
Delta three-dimensional
configure 62
maximum positive joint limit condition 68
reference frame 64
work envelope 67
zero angle orientation 65
Delta two-dimensional
configure 71
work envelope 73
dimension 115
dwell 111
dwell cam 113
E
electronic 107
electronic camming 108
End Effector Offsets
determining 98
error 121, 122, 124
error code 23 122
execution 123
execution schedule parameter 117, 121
F
forward only 117
G
Geometry
of robot 50
Geometry Tab
link lengths 21
zero angle orientations box 22
I
illegal dynamic change 121, 122, 124
immediate 117, 121
immediate execution 118
inhibit
axis 47, 53
interpolated 110
128
interpolation 110
J
jog
execution of 110
K
Kinematics
activating 82
arm solutions 81, 83
arm solutions for two axes robots 81
Articulated Independent 53
changing arm solutions 83
determine Coordinate system type 50
no solution 84
singularity 83
solution mirroring 81
terms 48
kinematics
See multi-axis coordinated motion
instructions
L
linear 110
lock position 118
Logix Designer Cam Profile Editor 123
M
MAPC 109, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 123,
125
cam profile 111
master 118
master axis 108, 119, 125
execution mode 117
position values 109
time cam profile 110
master axis position 123
master axis time 123
MATC 115, 117, 121, 123, 125
cam profile 111
time cam 110
Maximum Acceleration 26, 28
MCCP 110, 111
MCLM
Examples
Blending Different Speeds 46
MCTP 47
mechanical 107
mechanical camming 107
Motion Axis Position Cam (MAPC) 109
changing the cam lock position 118
forward only, reverse only, or bidirectional
execution 119
immediate execution 118
Index
motion coordinated instructions

See multi-axis coordinated motion
instructoins
MRP 120
Multi-Axis Coordinated Motion Instructions
107
Introduction 13
MCSR 47
Motion Coordinated Change Dynamics
(MCCD) 9
Motion Coordinated Circular Move (MCCM) 9
Operands Termination Type 39, 41, 43
Operands Termination Type Actual
Tolerance 39, 41, 43
Operands Termination Type Command
Tolerance 39, 41, 43
Operands Termination Type Follow
Contour Velocity Constrained
39, 41, 43
Operands Termination Type No Decel
39, 41, 43
Operands Termination Type No Settle
39, 41, 43
Motion Coordinated Linear Move (MCLM) 9
Operands Termination Type 39, 41, 43
Operands Termination Type Follow
Contour Velocity Unconstrained
39, 41, 43
Symmetric Profiles 43
Velocity Profiles 41
Motion Coordinated Shutdown (MCSD) 9
Motion Coordinated Shutdown Reset
(MCSR)
Description 47
Motion Coordinated Stop (MCS) 9
S
salve axis 125
scaling 115
SCARA Delta
SCARA Independent
reference frame 84, 86
Selective Compliant Assembly Robot Arm
configure 81
identify work envelope 86
link lengths 88
Singularity
planning for
definition of 83
slave axis 107, 111, 119
acceleration cam profile 111
execution mode 117
move process 110
position values 109
time cam profile 110
slave axis position 123
status bit 118
Studio 5000 Logix Designer application 9
Symmetric Profiles
paths of 43
T
time cam profile 109, 110
time cam status 122
types of camming 107
Naming a Coordinate System 14

non-linear motion 109
P
pending 117, 119, 121, 122, 125
position cam 125
pending cam 114, 123
point pair 108
position cam 115, 118, 123, 125
position cam profile 109
position-lock cams 109
profile 111
V
Velocity Profiles
of collinear moves 41
triangular 45
R
reciprocating motion 107
reverse only 117
run 111
run cam 112
129
Index
Notes:
130
Rockwell Automation Support

Use the following resources to access support information.
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Literature Library
Installation Instructions, Manuals, Brochures, and

Technical Data.
http://www.rockwellautomation.com/global/literature-library/overview.page
Product Compatibility and Download

Center (PCDC)
Get help determining how products interact, check

features and capabilities, and find associated firmware.
http://www.rockwellautomation.com/global/support/pcdc.page
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User Manual

Motion Coordinate System

Important User Information

Labels may also be on or inside the equipment to provide specific precautions.

Create a Coordinate System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rockwell Automation Publication MOTION-UM002E-EN-P - June 2016

Gather Information about Your Robot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Rockwell Automation Publication MOTION-UM002E-EN-P - June 2016

Left-Arm and Right-Arm Solutions for

Establish the Reference Frame for a

About Cartesian H-bots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Rockwell Automation Publication MOTION-UM002E-EN-P - June 2016

Camming Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Rockwell Automation Publication MOTION-UM002E-EN-P - June 2016

Moved the Motion Coordinated Instruction Appendix to (MCLM, MCCM, MCCD,

Move the Coordinate System Attributes Appendix to Online Help

Added Motion Coordinate Instructions section to Preface

Added the Camming Appendix from MOTION-RM002 to Chapter 8 of this manual

Rockwell Automation Publication MOTION-UM002E-EN-P - June 2016

Rockwell Automation Publication MOTION-UM002E-EN-P - June 2016

This manual provides information on how to configure various coordinated

Use this table to choose a motion coordinated instruction. Detailed

Use this instruction

Available in these languages

Motion Coordinated Linear Move (MCLM)

Motion Coordinated Circular Move (MCCM)

Motion Coordinated Change Dynamics (MCCD)

Stop the axes of a coordinate system or cancel a transform.

Motion Coordinated Stop (MCS)

Motion Coordinated Shutdown (MCSD)

Start a transform that links two coordinate systems together.

Motion Coordinated Transform (MCT)(1)

Motion Calculate Transform Position (MCTP)(1)

Motion Coordinated Shutdown Reset (MCSR)

(1) You cannot use this instruction with SoftLogix controllers.

Where to Find Sample

Rockwell Automation Publication MOTION-UM002E-EN-P - June 2016

The default location of the Rockwell Automation sample project is:

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Logix5000 Controllers General Instructions Reference

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