nfi

Week 3 Training Curriculum

PLC - Advanced
NFI

This document is created for NFIers to review the topic

covered in Week 3.
Note:

NFI Industrial Automation &

CAD Training Academy
Chandigarh| Panchkula

Kindly download the Automation Studio file & Code

(present in the directory/ CD provided) where you can find
the Schematic Diagram & Programming Code of the control
circuit made in this document. You can run & simulate that
schematic diagram in respective software for better
understanding.

0172-5078767| 0172- 2573331

www.nfiautomation.org
www.nfiinnovation.org

nfi

Copyright@NFI

3. Timer Design Examples

3.1

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Delay OFF Program

Control Purpose:
z

Enabling the indicator to be ON immediately and OFF after a 5 sec delay by the switch
5s

X1

T0

Y1

Devices:

Device

Function

X1

X1 = OFF when the switch is turned off

T1

5 sec timer. Time base = 100ms

Y1

Output indicator

Control Program:

X1

T1

Y1

Y1

X1
TMR

T1

K50

Delay OFF for 5 sec

Program Description:
z

X1 = ON when the switch is turned on. The NC (Normally Closed) contact X1 will be
activated, and TMR instruction will not be executed. Coil T1 will be OFF and so will the NC
contact T1. Because X1 = ON, the indicator Y1 will be ON and latched.

X1 = OFF when the switch is turned off. The NC contact X1 will not be activated, which
makes TMR instruction executed. Indicator Y1 will remain ON by the latched circuit until T1
reaches its set value.

When timer T1 reaches its set value of 5 seconds, coil T1 will be ON. The NC contact T1 will
be activated, which makes the indicator Y1 OFF.

Delay OFF function can also be performed by using API 65 STMR instruction.

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

3-1

3. Timer Design Examples

3.2

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Delay ON Program

Control Purpose:
z

Enabling the indicator to be ON after a 3 sec delay and OFF immediately by the switch
X1

3s

T0

Y1

Devices:

Device

Function

X1

X1 = ON when the switch is turned on

T1

3 sec timer, time base = 100ms

Y1

Output indicator

Control Program:

X1

TMR

T1

K30

Delay ON for 3 sec

T1

Y1

Program Description:
z

When X1 = ON, TMR instruction will be executed. Timer T1 will be ON and start counting for
3 sec. When T1 reaches its set value, the NO (Normally Open) contact T1 will be activated
and indicator YI will be ON.

When X1 = OFF, TMR instruction will not be executed. Timer T1 will be OFF and so will NO
contact T1. Therefore, the indicator Y1 will be OFF.

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3-2

DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.3

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Delay ON/OFF Program

Control Purpose:
z

Enabling the indicator to be ON after a 5 sec delay and OFF after a 3 sec delay by the

switch

3s

X1
Y1

5s

Devices:

Device

Function

X1

X1 = ON when the switch is turned on.

T0

5 sec timer, time base = 100ms

T1

3 sec timer, time base = 100ms

Y1

Output indicator

Control Program:

X1

X1
T0

TMR

T0

K50

Delay ON for 5 sec

TMR

T1

K30

Delay OFF for 3 sec

T1
Y1

Y1

Program Description:
z

When X1 = ON, T0 will start counting for 5 sec. When T0 reaches its set value, the NO
contact T0 will be ON while NC contact T1 will remain OFF, which makes the indicator Y1 to
be ON and latched.

When X1 = OFF, T1 will start counting for 3 sec. When T1 reaches its set value, the NC
contact T1 will be activated while the NO contact T0 will remain OFF, which makes the
indicator Y1 to be OFF.

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

3-3

3. Timer Design Examples

3.4

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Sequential Delay Output (Starting 3 Motors Sequentially)

Y0

Oil Pump Motor

START X0

Main motor

Y1

Auxiliary Motor

Y2

STOP X1

Control Purpose:
z

Starting the oil pump motor immediately when START is pressed. The main motor will be
started after a 10 sec delay and then the auxiliary motor after a 5 sec delay. In addition,
stopping all motors immediately when STOP is pressed.
X0
X1

Y0

10s

Y1

5s

Y2

Devices:
Device

Function

X0

X0 = ON when START is pressed.

X1

X1 = ON when STOP is pressed.

T0

10 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T1

5 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

Y0

Starting the oil pump motor

Y1

Starting the main motor

Y2

Starting the auxiliary motor

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3-4

DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

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Control Program:

X0

X1

Y1

TMR

T0

K100

Y0

Y0

T0

X1

Y2

TMR

Starting the oil pump motor

T1

K50

Y1
T1

Y1

Starting the main motor

Y2

Starting the auxiliary motor

X1

Y2

Program Description:
z

When START is pressed, the NO contact X0 will be activated, which makes Y0 to be ON and
latched. The oil pump motor will start the lube system. At the same time, [TMR T0 K100]
instruction will be executed. When T0 reaches its set value of 10 sec, the NO contact T0 will

be ON.

When the NO contact T0 is ON, Y1 will be ON and latched, which starts the main motor and
stops timer T0. At the same time, [TMR T1 K50] is executed, and the NO contact T1 will be
ON when timer T1 reaches its set value.

When the NO contact T1 is ON, Y2 will be ON and latched, which starts the auxiliary motor
and stops T1.

When STOP is pressed, the NC contact X1 will be activated, which makes Y0, Y1 and Y2
OFF. The oil pump motor, main motor and auxiliary motor will stop working.

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

3-5

3. Timer Design Examples

3.5

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Pulse-Width Modulation

Control Purpose:
z

Performing Pulse Width Modulation function by changing the set value of the timer in the
program. The oscillating pulse is as below: (Y0 = ON for 1 sec. The cycle = 2 sec)
X0

1000ms

Y0

2000ms

Devices:

Device

Function

X0

X0 = ON when the switch is turned on

T0

1 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T1

2 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

Y0

Oscillating pulse output

Control Program:

X0

TMR

T0

K10

TMR

T1

K20

T0

T1

T0
Y0
T1
ZRST

Program Description:
z

When X0 = ON, timer T0/T1 will be activated. Y0 will be ON until timer T0 reaches its set
value. When timer T1 reaches its set value, T0/T1 will be reset. Therefore, Y0 will output the
above oscillating pulse continuously. When X0 = OFF, the output Y0 will be OFF as well.

Pulse Width Modulation function can be modified by changing the set value of the timer in
the program.

Pulse Width Modulation function can also be performed by using API 144 GPWM
instruction.
X0
GPWM

3-6

K1000

K2000

Y0

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.6

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Artificial Fishpond Water Level Monitoring System (Flashing Circuit)

X3

Y0

Y3

Y4

X2

X1

Y1

X0

X4
RESET

Y2

Control Purpose:
z

Feeding or draining water automatically when the water level of artificial fishpond is not at
the normal level. In addition to feeding / draining water, enabling the alarm and alarm lamp
when the water is above or below the alarm level.

Stopping the alarm when RESET is pressed.

X0

500ms

Alarm
Alarm Lamp

Y3/Y4

500ms

Devices:

Device

Function

X0

X0 = ON when the water is above the lowest level of alarm level.

X1

X1 = ON when the water is above the lowest level of normal level.

X2

X2 = ON when the water is above the highest level of normal level.

X3

X3 = ON when the water is above the highest level of alarm level.

X4

X4 = ON when RESET is pressed.

T1

500ms timer. Time base: 100ms.

T2

500ms timer. Time base: 100ms.

Y0

1# drainage pump

Y1

Feeding pump

Y2

2# drainage pump

Y3

Alarm lamp

Y4

Alarm

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

3-7

3. Timer Design Examples

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Control Program:
X3

Y0

X1

Y1

X2
X0

Y2

T2

TMR

T1

K5

TMR

T2

K5

X3
T1

X0

T1

X3

Flashing Circuit

X4

RESET

Y3

Alarm Lamp

Y4

Alarm

Program Description:
z

When the water is at normal level: X0 = ON, X1 = ON, X2 = OFF and X3 = OFF. Therefore,
Y0 and Y2 will be OFF. Both the drainage pump and the feeding pump will not work.

When the water is lower than the normal level, X0 = ON, X1 = OFF, X2 = OFF and X3 = OFF.
Because X1 = OFF, Y1 will be ON. The feeding pump will start working.

When the water is below the lowest of alarm level, X0 = OFF, X1= OFF, X2 = OFF and X3 =
OFF. Because X1 = OFF, Y1 will be ON. The feeding pump will start working. In addition,
because X0 = OFF, the flashing circuit will be activated, which makes Y3 = ON and Y4 = ON,
The alarm lamp will flash and the alarm will ring.

When the water is above the normal level, X0 = ON, X1 = ON, X2 = ON, X3 = OFF. Because
X2 = ON, Y2 will be ON. 2# drainage pump will drain water from the fishpond.

When the water is above the highest of alarm level, X0 = ON, X1 = ON, X2 = ON, X3 = ON.
Because X2 = ON, Y2 will be ON. 2# drainage pump will work. In addition, because X3 = ON,
Y0 will be ON. 2# drainage pump will work. Besides, the alarm circuit will be executed,
which makes Y3 = ON and Y4 = ON. The alarm lamp will flash and the alarm will ring.

When Reset is pressed, the NC contact X4 will be activated. Y3 = OFF and Y4 = OFF. Both
the alarm and the alarm lamp will stop working.

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3-8

DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.7

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Burn-in Test System (Timing Extension)

X0

Y0

Control Purpose:
z

Warning the operator to take out PLC from the burn-in room by the test completed indicator
after 2.5 hours burn-in process.
X0

3000 s

T0
3000 s

T1
3000 s

T2

Y0
(3000+3000+3000)s

Devices:
Device

Function

X0

When X0 = ON, the burn-in test starts

T0

3,000 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T1

3,000 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T2

3,000 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

Y0

Burn-in test completed indicator

DVP-PLC Application Examples

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3. Timer Design Examples

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Control Program:

X0

TMR

T0

K30000

TMR

T1

K30000

TMR

T
T2

K30000

T0

T1
T2

Y0

Program Description:
z

The upper bound value for a 16-bit timer is 100ms 32767 = 3276.7s, so it needs several
timers to work together for a timing extension application which is more than 1 hour (3600
sec.) The total time is the sum of each timers set value.

When the burn in test is started, X0 = ON. The timer T0 will start to count for 100ms 30000
= 3000sec. When T0 reaches its set value, the NO contact T0 will be ON and T1 will start to
count for another 100ms 30000 = 3000sec. When T1 reaches its set value, T2 will count
one more 3000 sec and turn on the NO contact T2. Finally, the burn-in test completed
indicator Y0 will be ON. The total time of the test is 3000s + 3000s + 3000s = 9000s =
150min = 2.5h.

The timing extension function can also be performed by using API 169 HOUR instruction.

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3-10

DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.8

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Star-Delta Reduced Voltage Starter Control

KM1

KM0

KM2

Reduced Voltage Starting Main Circuit

24V

KM0

Y0

24G
SS
X0
X1

Y1

KM2

Y2

COM

PLC External Wiring

Control Purpose:
z

Usually the starting current of the three-phase AC asynchronous motor is 5 ~7 times larger
than the rated current. To reduce the effect of the starting current on the electrified wire
fence, a star-delta reduced voltage starter should be applied.

Starting process of a star-delta reduced voltage starter:

When the switch is turned on, the contactors of both motor starter and Star Reduced
Voltage Starter will be enabled first. After a 10 sec delay, the contactor of Star Reduced
Voltage Starter will be disabled. Finally, the contactor of Delta Reduced Voltage Starter
will be enabled after 1 sec, which operates the main motor circuit normally. The control
purpose in this process is to assure the contactor of Star Reduced Voltage Starter is
disabled completely before the contactor of Delta Reduced Voltage Starter is enabled.

Devices:
Device

Function

X0

X0 = ON when START is pressed.

X1

X1 = ON when STOP is pressed.

T1

10 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T2

1 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

Y0

Motor starting contactor KM0

Y1

Star Reduced Voltage Starter contactor KM1

Y2

Delta Reduced Voltage Starter conntactor KM2

DVP-PLC Application Examples

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3-11

3. Timer Design Examples

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Control Program:

X0

X1

Y0

Y0

TMR

Y0

T0

T0

K100

T1

K10

Y2

Y1

Y1

T0

TMR

T1

Y1

X1

Y2

Y2

Program Description:
z

X0 = ON when START is pressed. Y0 will be ON and latched. The motor starting contactor
KM0 will be ON and the timer T0 will start to count for 10 sec. At the same time, because Y0
= ON, T0 = OFF and Y2 = OFF, Y1 will be ON. The Star Reduced Voltage Starter contactor
KM1 will be activated.

When timer T0 reaches its set value, T0 will be ON and Y1 will be OFF. Timer T1 will start to
count for 1 sec. After 1 sec, T1 = ON and Y2 = ON. Delta Reduced Voltage Starter
contactor KM2 will be activated.

X1 = ON when STOP is pressed. Y0, Y1 and Y2 will be OFF and the motor will stop running
no matter it is in starting mode or running mode.

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3-12

DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.9

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Automatic Door Control

X0(Infrared Sensor.

X2(Opening Limit Switch

X1(Closing Limit Switch

Y0(Open the door

X2(Opening Limit Switch

Y1(Close the door

Control Purpose:
z

When someone enters the infrared sensing field, opening motor starts working to open the
door automatically till the door touches the opening limit switch

If the door touches the opening limit switch for 7 sec and nobody enters the sensing field,
the closing motor starts working to close the door automatically till the closing limit switch
touched together.

Stop the closing action immediately if someone enters the sensing field during the door
closing process.

Devices:
Device

Function

X0

X0 = ON when someone enters the sensing field.

X1

Closing limit switch. X1 = ON when 2 switches touched together.

X2

Opening limit switch. X2 = ON when the door touched the switches.

T0

7 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

Y0

Opening motor

Y1

Closing motor

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

3-13

3. Timer Design Examples

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Control Program:

X0

X2

Y1

Y0

Y0

X2

X0

TMR

T0

X0

X1

T0

K70

Y0

Y1

Y1

Program Description:
z

X0 = ON if someone enters the sensing field of the infrared sensor. Y0 will be ON and
latched, and the door will be opened as long as the opening limit switches X2 = OFF.

When the door touches the opening limit switches, X2 = ON. The timer T0 will start to count
for 7 sec if no one enters the sensing field (X0 = OFF). After 7 sec., Y1 will be ON and
latched and the door will be closed.

During the closing process, X0 = ON if someone enters the sensing field. The NC contact
X0 will be activated to turn Y1 off. Because X0 = ON, X2 = OFF and Y1 = OFF, Y0 will be
ON and the door will be opened once again.

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3-14

DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.10

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Automatic Liquids Mixing Control System

Y0 ( Liquid A Inlet

X2

X0
START
X1
STOP
X10
EMERGENCY STOP

Y1(Liquid B Inlet )

Y3

X1

Y2(Mixture Outlet

Control Purpose:
z

Automatically infusing the container with liquids A and B in order when START is pressed.
When it reaches the set level, mix the two liquids evenly then open the valve to let out the
mixture.

Devices:

Device

Function

X0

X0 = ON when START is pressed.

X1

Low level float sensor. X1 = ON when the liquid level reaches X1.

X2

High level float sensor. X2 = ON when the liquid level reaches X2.

X10

EMERGENCY STOP button. X10 = ON when the button is pressed.

T0

60 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T1

120 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

Y0

Liquid A inlet

Y1

Liquid B inlet

Y2

Mixture outlet

Y3

Agitator

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

3-15

3. Timer Design Examples

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Control Program:

X0

X1

X10

Y0

Y0
X1

X2

X10

Y1

Y1
X2

T0

X10

Y3

TMR

T0

T1

T0

K600

T1

K1200

X10

Y2

Y2
Y2

TMR

Program Description:
z

X0 = ON when START is pressed. Y0 will be ON and latched, and the valve will be opened
for infusing liquid A until the level reaches the low-level float sensor.

X1 = ON when the level reaches the low-level float sensor. Y1 will be ON and latched, and
the valve will be opened for infusing liquid B until the level reaches the high-level float
sensor.

X2 = ON when the level reaches the high-level float sensor. Y3 will be ON and activates the
agitator. Also, timer T0 will start to count for 60 sec. After 60 sec, T0 will be ON, and the
agitator motor Y3 will stop working. Y2 will be ON and latched, and the mixture will drain out
of the container.

When Y2 = ON, timer T1 will start to count for 120 sec. After 120 sec, T1 will be ON and Y2
will be OFF. The draining process will be stopped.

When an error occurs, press EMERGENCY STOP button X10. The NC contact X10 will be
ON to disable all the outputs. The system will then stop running.

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3-16

DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.11

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Automatic Coffee Maker

Hot
Water

Coffee

Y1

X0
Coin Detector

Y0
Paper Cup Outlet

Y2

Mixing Container
X1
X2
X1

Y3

Y4

Control Purpose:
z

Making the paper cup come out of the outlet when a coin is inserted. At the same time, the
coffee pours in the mixing container. After 2 sec, the hot water pours in. 60 sec later, the
ready-made coffee will be pouring out from the coffee outlet.

Devices:
Device

Function

X0

T0

Coin detector. X0 = ON when a coin is inserted.

Pressure detector. X1 = ON when the liquid in the container reaches a certain
amount of pressure.
2 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T1

60 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

Y0

Paper cup outlet

Y1

Coffee outlet

Y2

Hot water outlet

Y3

Agitator

Y4

Ready-made coffee outlet

X1

Control Program:
X0

Y0

Y1

DVP-PLC Application Examples

SET

Y0

SET

Y1

TMR

T0

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T0
K20

3-17

3. Timer Design Examples

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T0

SET

Y2

RST

Y0

RST

Y1

RST

Y2

SET

Y3

TMR

T1

SET

Y4

RST

Y3

RST

Y4

X1

T1

K600

T1

X1

Program Description:
z

X1 = ON when a coin is inserted. Y0 and Y1 will be ON and latched. A paper cup will be sent
out, and a certain amount of coffee will be poured into the container at the same time.

Y0 and Y1 will be ON for 2 sec which is the set value of timer T0. When NO contact T0 is
ON, Y2 will be activated and the hot water will be poured in the container. At the same time,
the outlets of both paper cup and coffee will be closed.

When the liquid in the container reaches a certain amount of pressure, X1 = ON. Therefore,
the hot water outlet Y2 will be reset, and the agitator Y3 will be ON for 60 sec. After 60 sec,
NO contact T1 will be ON. Y4 will be ON and latched, and Y3 will be reset at the same time.
The agitator will stop working, and the ready-made coffee will be pouring out from the outlet.

When the coffee is poured into the paper cup completely, X1 will be OFF and Y4 will be
reset. The ready-made coffee outlet will be closed.

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3-18

DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.12

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Automatic Urinal Flushing Control Program

Control Purpose:
z

If a user stands in front of the urinal for more than 3 sec, the flushing control device will flush
the urinal for 3 sec (the first flushing). When the user leaves the urinal, flush for another 4
sec then stop automatically (the second flushing).
X0

Y0

3s
3s
Standing time
The first flushing

4s

The second flushing

Stopping the first flushing and starting the second flushing if the first user leaves the urinal
during the first flushing process.

The first user

X0

3s

Y0

The first flushing

3s
Standing time

4s

The second flushing

If the second user comes before the finishing of the 4 sec flushing, the flusher will finish the
4 sec flushing process and skip the first 3 sec flushing process. When the second user
leaves the urinal, the flusher will perform another 4 sec flushing.
The first user

The second user

X0

Y0
3s
Standing time

3s
The first flushing

4s

4s
The second flushing

The second flushing

Devices:
Device
X0
M0 ~ M2

Function
Infrared sensor. X0 = ON when a user is detected.
Internal auxiliary relay

T0

3 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T1

3 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T2

4 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

Y0

Flushing valve

DVP-PLC Application Examples

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3. Timer Design Examples

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Control Program:

X0
X0

TMR

T0

K30

SET

M2

SET

M0

TMR

T1

K30

TMR

T2

K40

ZRST

M0

M1

Y0

T0

M0
X0

M2

M0

M1

M1

T2

M0

T1

M2

Y0

X0

M0

T2

M1
X0

RST

M2

Program Description:
z

When a user is detected, infrared sensor X0 will be ON. In this case, T0 will be ON and start
to count for 3 sec. If the user leaves in 3 sec, X0 = OFF, and T0 will be OFF. No action will be
performed. If the user stands for more than 3 sec, the NO contact T0 will be activated, which
turns on M0. The first flushing will start (Y0 = ON).

M1 is latched in this program. If the user leaves after 3 sec, which means the NO contact M0
= ON and the NC contact X0 is OFF, M1 will be ON and latched. The second flushing will
then be started. After 4 sec, both the NO contact and the NC contact of T2 will be activated.
Therefore, Y0 will be OFF, and the flushing will be stopped. M0 and M1 will be reset.
Because M1 is latched, the second flushing process will certainly be executed whether X0
changes its state or not.

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3-20

DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.13

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Performing Accumulative Function with Normal Timer

X0

Y0

X1

Car Washer

GO

Control Purpose:
z

Ensuring that the customers wash their cars for entire 5 minutes no matter how many times
the sprayer valve stops. .

Devices:

Device

Function

X0

Sprayer valve switch. X0 = ON when the sprayer handle is held on tightly.

X1

Coin detector. X1 = ON when an inserted coin is detected.

M1

Creating a trigger pulse for one program scan cycle

T1

Timer. Time base: 100ms

D10

Storing present value of T1

Y0

Sprayer valve

Control Program:
X0
PLS

M1

MOV

D10

T1

TMR

T1

K3000

MOV

T1

D10

K0

D10

M1

T1
Y0
X1
MOV

DVP-PLC Application Examples

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3. Timer Design Examples

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Program Description:
z

When customers insert coins in the slot, X1 = ON. The time value of D10 will be cleared.

When customers compress the sprayer handle, X0 = ON. PLS instruction will be executed.
M1 will be ON for one program scan cycle, which starts T1 to count from 0 to 5 min (T1 =
K3000). In this case, Y0 = ON, and the sprayer valve is open.

If the sprayer handle is released, the timer will stop counting. The present value in the timer
will be saved and the water spraying will be interrupted.

When customers compress the sprayer handle again, the timer will start to count from the
value saved in D10. Because the present value of T1 is sent to D10 and saved when T1 is
working, the saved value will be sent to T1 as its present value when T1 is activated again.
Therefore, even if there are some interruptions of the sprayer valve in the washing process,
the program assures customers of entire 5 minutes car washing service.

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3-22

DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.14

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Performing Teaching Function with Normal Timer

X2

X0

X3

Teach

X1

Start

Manual Auto

Control Purpose:
z

In Manual mode, the engineers should adjust stamping time according to their experience.
The stamping time depends on the time of pressing Teach.

In Auto mode, if Start is pressed, the machine will perform stamping process once according
to the time value saved by Teach process.

Devices:

Device

Function

X0

Teach Button. X0 = ON when the button Teach is pressed.

X1

Start button. X1 = ON when the button Start is pressed.

X2

Manual mode

X3

Auto mode

M1

Start trigger in auto mode

T0

Timer. Time base: 100ms

T1

Timer. Time base: 100ms

D0

Data register. Saving the time value of stamping

Y0

Starting the punch when Teach is pressed

Y1

Starting the punch when Start is pressed in Auto mode

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

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3. Timer Design Examples

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Control Program:
X0

X2

X3

TMR

T0

K32767

TMR

T0

D0

Y0

X1
M1

X2

SET

M1

TMR

T1

X3

D0

T1

Y1

T1

RST

M1

Program Description:
z

X2 = ON when the switch is turned to Manual mode. X0 = ON when Teach is pressed. In this
case, coil Y0 will be ON and start the stamping process. At the same time, T0 will be
executed and its present value will be sent to D0. Release the button Teach when the
stamping process is completed. Y0 will be OFF, and the stamping process will be stopped.

X3 = ON when the switch is turned to Auto mode. Each time when X1 is pressed, Y1 will be
ON and the stamping process will be executed. At the same time, T1 will be activated to
count until it achieves the target value (the saved value in T0). When the stamping time is
achieved, the NC contact T1 and the rising edge trigger T1 will be activated and enable both
M1 and Y1 to be OFF. The stamping process will thus be stopped. When the button Start is
pressed again, M1 will be ON and repeats the same stamping process.

The timer teaching function can also be performed by using API 64 TTMR instruction.

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.15

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Auto Interruption Timer

Production Line 1

Production Line 2

Y0

Y1

Control Purpose:
z

In PLC production lines, an operator should be in charge of packing products on two

conveyor belts into 2 boxes. For ensuring that operators have sufficient time for packing, the
program is designed to control two conveyor belts to be running alternatively: stops one
conveyor after 30 sec running and then starts another conveyor for 30 sec running.

Devices:

Device

Function

T0

30 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

M0

Controlling the trigger circuit

M1

Alternating the conveyor belt

Y0

Executing the production line 1

Y1

Executing the production line 2

Control Program:
T0
TMR

T0

K300

T0
M0
M0

Trigger Circuit

M1
M1

M0

M1

M1
Y0
M1
Y1

DVP-PLC Application Examples

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3. Timer Design Examples

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Program Description:
z

This program uses the NC contact T0 as the executing condition of the timer T0. When T0
reaches its set value, 30 sec, it will be activated. The trigger circuit will be executed to
change the state of M1. Production line 1 will then start working.

After 30 sec counting, T0 turns ON. The NC contact T0 will be activated. At the same time,
timer T0 will thus be OFF, which makes the NC contact T0 to be OFF again. In the next scan
period, because the NC contact T0 is OFF, timer T0 will start counting. After 30 sec counting,
T0 will be activated and so will the trigger circuit. In this case, M1 changes its state again.
Production line 1 will be stopped and production line 2 will start working.

By using the trigger circuit to activate Y0 and Y1 alternatively, the program makes the two
production lines to convey products alternatively.

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.16

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Interesting Fountain

Y0

X0

Control Purpose:
z
z

Keeping the Running indicator in ON state when the Start button is pressed.
Enabling the following devices to start in order after Running indicator is ON for 2 sec:
middle sprayer light > middle sprayer valve > surrounding lights > surrounding sprayer
valves. Each of them will be ON for 2 sec.

Devices:

Device

Function

X0

X0 = ON when the Start button of the fountain is pressed.

T0

2 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T1

2 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T2

2 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T3

2 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T4

2 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

Y0

Running indicator of the fountain

Y1

Middle sprayer light

Y2

Middle sprayer valve

Y3

Surrounding lights

Y4

Surrounding sprayer valves

Control Program:
X0

Y0

Running indicator of the fountain

X0
Y0

Y1

Y2

Y3

ZRST

Y1

Y4

TMR

T0

K20

SET

Y1

Y4

T0
T4

DVP-PLC Application Examples

The Running indicator works

for 2 sec.

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3. Timer Design Examples

Y1
T1

Y2
T2

Y3
T3

Y4
T4

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Y2

Y3

Y3

Y4

TMR

T1

SET

Y2

RST

Y1

TMR

T2

SET

Y3

RST

Y4

TMR

T3

SET

Y4

RST

Y3

TMR

T4

RST

Y4

K20

The middle sprayer light

works for 2 sec.

Y4

K20

The middle sprayer valve

works for 2 sec.

Y4

K20

The surrounding lights work for 2 sec.

K20

The surrounding sprayer valves

work for 2 sec.

Program Description:
z

X0 = ON when the button Start is pressed. Coil Y0 will be ON to activate the Running
indicator. Y0 = ON is used as the executing condition for the timer T0. After 2 sec counting
down, T0 goes from OFF to ON and executes [SET Y1] instruction. The middle sprayer light
Y1 will be ON. The Running indicator Y0 will be kept in ON state through the whole working
process.

Likewise, Y1 = ON is used as the executing condition for the timer T1, and so does Y2 = ON
for the timer T2 as well as Y3 = ON for the timer T3. The executions will be assured in the
following order: Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4.

The middle sprayer light, middle sprayer valve, surrounding lights, and surrounding sprayer
valves need to be started in order. Therefore, when T1, T2 and T3 go from OFF to ON and
set the next execution, they also reset the present execution. In addition, the NC contacts of
Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are used for turning off timers T0, T1, T2 and T3.

After the completion of the last execution, the rising edge switch T4 will reset Y4 and set Y1.
The second round of fountain display will then be started again.

When X0 = OFF, coil Y0 will be OFF to turn off the Running indicator. In addition, ZRST
instruction will be executed at the same time. Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 will be reset and all the
valves and lights in the fountain will be stopped immediately.

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

3.17

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Traffic Lights Control

North-South Direction

East-West Direction

Control Purpose:
z
z

Enabling the traffic lights to work by Start button X0 and to stop by Stop button X1.
Setting the time of red light in East-West direction as 60 sec and North-South direction with
a heavier traffic as 30 sec.

The time of red light in East-West direction equals to the time of green light + green light
flashing + yellow light in North-south direction, and vice versa.

When yellow light is ON, cars and pedestrians should not cross the road, and yellow light
will last for 5 sec for the crossing cars and pedestrians to pass safely.

Timing diagram of traffic lights in East-West direction:

Red (Y0)

60 s

20 s

Green (Y1)

5s
5s

Yellow (Y2)

Timing diagram of traffic lights in North-South direction:

Red (Y10)

Green (Y11)

Yellow (Y12)

DVP-PLC Application Examples

30 s

60 s
5s
5s

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3. Timer Design Examples

Devices:

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Device

Function

X0

Start button

X1
T0

Stop button
60 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T1

20 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T2

5 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T10

50 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T11

5 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T12

5 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

T13

30 sec timer. Time base: 100ms

S0

Initial step

S10 ~ S13

Controlling the Traffic lights in East-West direction

S20 ~ S23

Controlling the Traffic lights in North-South direction

Y0

Red light in East-West direction

Y1

Green light in East-West direction

Y2

Yellow light in East-West direction

Y10

Red light in North-South direction

Y11

Green light in North-South direction

Y12

Yellow light in North-South direction

Control Program:
X0
PLS

M0

SET

S0

PLS

M1

ZRST

S0

SET

S10

SET

S20

X1

S0
S

S127

S10
S

Y0
TMR

T0

SET

S11

T0

3-30

K600

Red light in East-West direction

is ON for 60 sec.

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

3. Timer Design Examples

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S11
S

Y1

TMR

T1

SET

S12

TMR

T2

K200

T1

S12
S

Green light in East-West direction

is ON for 20 sec.

K50

M1013

Y1

T2

SET

S13
S

Y2

S20
S

Y11

Green light in East-West direction

is flashing for 5 sec.

S13

Yellow light in East-West direction

is ON.

TMR

T10

SET

S21

TMR

T11

K500

T10

Green light in North-South direction

is ON for 50 sec.

S21
S

K50

M1013

Y11

Green light in North-South direction

is flashing for 5 sec.

T11

SET
S22
S

S22

Y12
TMR

T12

SET

S23

K50

T12
S23
S

Y10
TMR

S13
S

Yellow light in North-South direction

is ON for 5 sec.

S23
S

T13

K300

Red light in North-South direction

is ON for 30 sec.

T13

S0
RET

Program Description:
z

When Start is pressed, X0 = ON. PLS instruction will be executed, and M0 will create a
rising-edge pulse to set T0. The program will enter the step ladder process.

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When Stop is pressed, X1 = ON. PLS instruction will be executed, and M1 will create a

rising-edge pulse to execute [ZRST S0 S127] instruction. All steps will be reset and all traffic
DVP-PLC Application Examples

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3. Timer Design Examples

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lights will be OFF.

z

This example is designed by the application of the simultaneous divergence sequence. The
two sequences running simultaneously are East-West direction and North-South direction.

When the red light of East-West direction is ON, the corresponding state of North-South
direction will be the sequence of Green ON, Green Flashing and Yellow ON.

When the East-West direction sequence is finished (the yellow light is OFF), the
North-South direction sequence will be finished as well (the red light is OFF). The program
will return to the initial step S0.

When a step is transferred from one sequence to another sequence, the former sequence
will be reset including the step and output point Y.

The time of yellow light in East-West direction (Y2) is not controlled by a timer because
when the red light in North-South direction is OFF, the yellow light in North-South direction
will be reset at the same time. In this case, T13 is ON to redirect the program to initial step
S0, and the outputs (Y2 and Y10) corresponding to S13 and S23 will thus be reset.

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DVP-PLC Application Examples

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PLC Questions & Answers

1) What does PLC Stands for? What does scan time mean in PLC?
PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller. Scan time is the time taken by PLC Processor to scan
the status of Input Terminals; save it in the memory; solving the PLC Logic & updating the results to
the output terminals. The scan time increases with the length of the program or if number of Input/
Output terminals increases.
2) Write a program code to blink an output for 10 sec .On time = .4 sec; off time =.6 sec.

3) Draw a wiring diagram to show connection b/w 3 PNP inductive sensor , 2 limit switches , 1 push
and 1 toggle switch at PLC I/p terminal

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PLC Input Wiring Diagram Schematic Diagram Attached*

Proximity Switch

Limit Switch

L1

P1

P2

L2

P3

1-1IC1

P1
P2
P3
L1
L2

PB
TB

IN0
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7

COM

4) How will you run Ac Induction motor with PLC? draw wiring diagram and write the code such
that When XO is ON, motor is latched and when XI is on motor is unlatched.
Case 1: When X0 is pressed once: Motor Starts & GREEN Light is ON
(Schematic Diagram Attached*)

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Case 2: When X1 is pressed Motor Stops & RED light is ON

5) How will you change the direction of DC motor using PLC? Make the wiring diagram and write
the code such that;
XO Fwd direction
X1Rew direction
X2Motor stops.
To Change Direction of DC Motor - Schematic Diagram

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PLC Ladder Logic

6) What safety measures we need to consider while doing PLC wiring?

Safety Measure While PLC Wiring:

Remove and lock out input power from the controller and I/O before any installation and
wiring begins.
Verify that all modules are in the correct slots. Check module type and model number by
inspection and on the I/O wiring diagram.
Check the slot location according to the I/O address assignment document.
Loosen all terminal screws on each I/O module.
Locate the wire bundle corresponding to each module and route it through the duct to the
module location. Identify each of the wires in the bundle and check that they correspond to
that particular module.
Starting with the first module, locate the wire in the bundle that connects to the lowest
terminal. At the point where the wire is at a vertical height equal to the termination point,
bend the wire at a right angle towards the terminal.
Cut the wire to a length that extends 1/4 inch past the edge of the terminal screw. Strip
approximately 3/8 inch of insulation from the end of the wire. Insert the uninsulated end of
the wire under the pressure plate of the terminal and tighten the screw.
If two or more modules share the same power source, jumper the power wiring from one
module to the next.
If shielded cable is being used, connect only one end to ground, preferably at the rack
chassis. This connection will avoid possible ground loops. A ground loop condition exists
when two or more electrical paths are created in a ground line or when one or more paths

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are created in a shield (Section 20-7 explains how to identify a ground loop). Leave the
other end cut back and unconnected, unless otherwise specified.
Repeat the wiring procedure for each wire in the bundle until the module wiring is
complete.
After all of the wires are terminated, check for good terminations by gently pulling on each
wire
7) How will you connect 1 NPN and 1pnp sensor to PLC input terminals? Make diagram.
To connect NPN & PNP Sensor to PLC Input Terminal: Schematic Diagram Attached*
NPN

PNP

PNP

1-1IC1

IN0

Relay

NPN

Relay

IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7

COM
8) What are the indicator lights on a PLC used for?
Indicator lights on PLC are used to monitor the status of Inputs & outputs of PLC ladder Logics. This
is widely used for troubleshooting PLC.
.

9) What will happen if the scan time for a PLC is greater than the time for an input pulse? Why?
If scan time is greater than input pulse time, then the input pulse will not be detected by PLC
correctly. Some of them may get missed by PLC
10) Difference B/w PLC and Desktop computer?
PLC is Industrial computer which can operate in Temperature ranges of 0 ~ 60 degree Celsius & has
dedicated real time processor which solves the logic & update the status at the output in specified

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scan cycle. Whereas PC are used for computation task but not to control the outputs because it is
not real time operational.
11) Repeating a normal O/P in ladder logic should not be done normally. Discuss why?
If we repeat the normal output coil in ladder logic it may conflict the logic as shown under:

Now if X0 is ON in first ladder, Y0 gets ON but in second ladder Y0 should be OFF. So there
comes conflicting situation where PLC does not know which ladder to follow. Hence output coil
should only be taken once in the ladder diagram. Although you can make as many SET/RESET
commands for output coil.
12) Conveyor Problem :
A conveyor is run by switching on or off a motor. We are positioning parts on the conveyor with
optical detector. When optical sensor goes on, we want to wait 1.5 secs and then stop the
conveyor. After a delay of 2 secs the conveyor will start again. We need to use a start and stop
button a light should be on when conveyor is running and red light should be on when conveyor is
stopped.
Ladder Logic for Conveyor : Ladder Logic Code Attached*

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13) What does edge triggered means? What is difference b/w positive and negative edge triggered?
Edge triggered means when a bit is energized it will output only a Pulse only, even if the
condition is TRUE for the time larger than pulse.
Positive edge triggered contact will gives the pulse when condition goes from FALSE to TRUE &
Negative edge triggered contact gives the pulse when condition goes from TRUE to FALSE.
14) Are reset instruction is necessary for all timers and counters?
No, general timers get RESET automatically when their conditions go from TRUE to FALSE
or on Power Reset. Where for retentive timers, RESET instruction is necessary. General counters
get reset by using RESET commands or by Power Reset but retentive counters retain their counts
on power reset, they need RESET instruction to get RESET

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Practical Questions:

15) Derive a program where 3 conveyors are carrying different bottles A, B and C. 3 sensors are
employed to count the bottles. Calculate the total production for an hour, 8hour shift and whole day.
Take a button to reset the production
Ladder Logic for 3 Conveyor System Code Attached*

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16) Do the calculation with ladders logic ;D7= - (5-D2/D4) {assume/move} D2= k4; D4= k2

Code for D5 = - (5- D2/D4) Code Attached*

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17) Count the no. of buttons travelling on conveyor. When no. of buttons reaches 10, a green
light should on and motor/conveyor should stop. After delay of 5 seconds cycle should
repeat

Count Number of Bottles on Conveyor: Code Attached*

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