Thesis 101

INTRODUCTION
In this generation, people cant imagine their lives without

technology.
Technology
continues
to
form
inventions
and
innovation to help the improvement of human lives to become

convenient
helpful
and
tools
easier.
such
as
Some
people
soldering
invented
iron.
In
more
useful
and
field
of
the
electronic/electrical industry soldering iron are most often used

for
installation,
repairs,
and
limited
production
work
in
electronics assembly?
The researchers tried to innovate the soldering iron into a
rechargeable soldering iron with heat controller. It will help
the
technician
to
work
easier
and
save
time
and
it
has
an
advantage to an ordinary soldering iron because it can adjust or

control the heat while using.
Objective of the study

The research was conducted in order to assemble the
rechargeable soldering iron with heat control.
The
outdoor use.
The goal of this project is to make the prototype
useful and durable for 2 or more than years.

The researcher also tried to detect if there were
defects and designed remedies for them.

It is substitute equipment that economically,
project
was
designed
powered by electricity.
either
the
indoor
or
Significance of the study

The researchers believe that this prototype will
be
useful
and
helpful
to
the
industry
in
terms
of
functionality.
The importance of the study is its innovation,
modernization and substitution of alternative equipment
that is useful to our country.
To our fellow students, this will serve as a guide
for future references in their researchers as well as
source
of
prototype.
information
for
them
to
develop
their
own
Scope and limitation of the problem

The
researcher
rechargeable
determine
the
soldering
technical
was
iron
conducted
with
features
to
heat
in
assemble
an
controller
to
terms
versatility
safety, functional and efficiency.

The assembly of the prototype was conducted at the
electrical technology laboratory after class hours.
CHAPTER 2
Local and Foreign Literature
The most fundamental skill needed to assemble any electronic

project is that soldering. Soldering is the process of joining
two metals by the use of a solder alloy, made by combining tin
and lead in different proportions. It takes some practice to make
the perfect joint, but like riding a bicycle, once learned is
never forgotten. The idea is simple: to join electrical parts
together to form an electrical connection, using a nichrome wire,
USB chord, adapter, copper wire and fiber glass sleeving tube.
A soldering iron is composed of a heated metal tip and an
insulated
handle.
Heating
is
often
achieved
electrically,
by
passing an electric current (supplied through an electrical cord

or battery cables) through a resistive heating element. Cordless
irons can be heated by combustion of gas stored in a small tank,
often using a catalytic heater rather than a flame. Simple irons
less commonly used than in the past were simply a large copper
bit on a handle, heated in a flame.
It is adequate for home use are made in abundance. Most are

heated electrically and have tips that can be used with a propane
torch. The proper tool depends on the project, but tasks like
joining wires and circuit board repairs, may all for varying
amounts of heat or more control. It supplies heat to melt solder

so that it can flow into the joint between two workpieces. In
addition
ability
to
to
this,
control
this
the
Rechargeable
heat
to
melt
Soldering
the
Iron
particular
has
the
things
perfectly and effectively.
In 1986, the most popular solder used for joining plumbing

pipes in the United States was an alloy made of half tin and half
lead. Due to legal restrictions on this solder with high lead
content, lead-free alloys have become more popular in plumping

applications
utilitarian
since
then.
purposes,
The
such
Romans
as
developed
plumbing
and
solders
these
for
joining
materials also found use in the artwork of the bronze age.

Soldering itself has a history of 6000 years, and iron tip
soldering was already in 1860's. Burning iron tip soldering was
the main method at that time. It was replaced by electric tip
during the 1920s, around the time radio broadcasting began. The
currently used ordinary soldering tips with temperature control
functions began to be used in the 1960s, in conjunction with the
invention of printed PCBs and transistors. That was around the
time when people became aware of the vulnerability of transistors
to heat and the importance of soldering tip temperature control.
In 1986, the most popular solder used for joining plumbing pipes
in the United States was an alloy made of half tin and half lead.
Due to legal restrictions on this solder with high lead content,
lead-free
alloys
have
become
more
popular
in
plumping
applications since then.
According to Benjamin Franklin, people used electricity for

magic tricks by creating sparks and shocks. Electrical, which
evolved
into
metallurgy,
is
the
oldest
and
most
successful
technology. It spans at least 12,000 years. The earliest solders
were based on gold and included gold alloys of silver or tin. All
early metallurgy was developed in the name of art. The earliest
solders of course, were lead free and environmentally friendly.
Early solders were based on gold, other noble metals and some
common metals such as tin. Although written records describing
soldering date back to only 3,500 B.C., it is likely that the
process was known much earlier. Drawings used as a means of
recording history before writing showed many metal processes,
including casting. Gold was readily available within traveling
distance
from
the
center
of
advanced
civilization,
the
Nile
Valley. Copper, platinum, silver and meteoric iron were also

found in their native elemental state. Gold casting processes
were practiced by pyramid builders who sealed magnificent works
of art in the massive tombs. The Egyptians learned to generate
the
higher
temperatures
needed
for
gold
melting
by
using
blowpipes and bellows on charcoal fires. Only platinum, requiring

over
3,000F,
could
not
be
melted
by
ancient
technology.
Eventually, even complex casting molds could not produce the

intricate
shapes
desired
by
artists.
At
first,
mechanical
attachment was used to connect cast parts together. But then, as

an understanding of metallurgy emerged, soldering was discovered,
and solder was available in a natural form. Electrum, a mineral
composed
of
silver
and
gold,
was
also
known
to
the
early
Egyptians. Most likely, this lighter colored and lower melting
metal was initially considered a different metal. This silvergold

alloy may well have been the first binary metal solder. However,
platinum, which defied all melting attempts, could be mixed with
gold and heated to form a composite material. The platinum did
not melt or alloy to the gold. The gold, in a process we now call
sintering, melted and fused to the platinum particles--clearly a
form of soldering. Gold may have been the first single metal
solder. While pure gold or gold alloy was the first solder, it is
fairly certain that it was a precious metal composition. Many
other
cultures
also
developed
high
levels
of
metal-working
technology. Sadly, many of the metallurgical processes developed

by ancient artisans were lost forever when iron metallurgy was
discovered and adopted as the technology of war and destruction.
Tomorrow's metallurgy will be driven, in part, by the need to
protect the earth and its inhabitants. Much later, after the
Egyptian developments in gold soldering, lead based solders were
developed and became the dominant joining material.
Since the addition of tin lowers the melting point and
improves wetting, the tin-lead alloy was adopted by Romans and
others in both art and public works projects. This soft solder
was used to join copper, bronze and pure lead. The most famous
use of tin-lead is on the aqueducts. These masonry structures
were lined with lead sheeting to efficiently convey water. Tin-
lead
alloy
was
an
ideal
it
is
uncertain
whether
Many
other
cultures also developed high levels of metal-working technology.

Sadly, many of the metallurgical processes developed by ancient
artisans were lost forever when iron metallurgy was discovered
and adopted as the technology of war and destruction. Tomorrow's
metallurgy will be driven, in part, by the need to protect the
earth
and
its
inhabitants. Much
later,
after
the
Egyptian
developments in gold soldering, lead based solders were developed

and became the dominant joining material. Since the addition of
tin lowers the melting point and improves wetting, the tin-lead
alloy was adopted by Romans and others in both art and public
works projects. This soft solder was used to join copper, bronze
and pure lead.
As
environmental
regulation
prompts
many
electronics
manufacturers to switch to no clean soldering, one company that

made
the
financial
move
has
advantages.
also
documented
Plexus
Corp.
significant
wanted
an
quality
alternative
and
to
chlorofluorocarbon cleaning that wouldnt sacrifice cost, quality

and other competitive advantages.
Plexus carefully measured product quality and costs
with
Praxairs
nitrogen
inerting
process.
Total
return
on
investment led Plexus to make nitrogen inerting its method of

choice for wave and reflow soldering.
Research is moving rapidly to develop useful lead-free

alloys. The search will not be easy. Lead free assembly is a
serious and toilsome challenge for the industry, and any attempt
to minimize the statement of difficulty is a disservice to all.
Solder
assembly
has
enjoyed
an
extremely
long
life
because its composition is simple, processing is well understood

and performance is reasonably good. Although tin-lead solder is
plagued with numerous deficiencies, including higher temperature
processing,
thermo-mechanical
failure
and
relatively
poor
electrical properties, the industry has learned to adjust and

compensate. Electronics has nearly recovered from legislation but
now faces a much more serious challenge as lead becomes the
obscenity whispered by environmentalists and legislators.

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INTRODUCTION

In this generation, people cant imagine their lives without

innovation to help the improvement of human lives to become

electronic/electrical industry soldering iron are most often used

advantage to an ordinary soldering iron because it can adjust or

Objective of the study

useful and durable for 2 or more than years.

defects and designed remedies for them.

Significance of the study

Scope and limitation of the problem

safety, functional and efficiency.

The most fundamental skill needed to assemble any electronic

passing an electric current (supplied through an electrical cord

It is adequate for home use are made in abundance. Most are

amounts of heat or more control. It supplies heat to melt solder

perfectly and effectively.

In 1986, the most popular solder used for joining plumbing

content, lead-free alloys have become more popular in plumping

materials also found use in the artwork of the bronze age.

applications since then.

According to Benjamin Franklin, people used electricity for

technology. It spans at least 12,000 years. The earliest solders

Valley. Copper, platinum, silver and meteoric iron were also

blowpipes and bellows on charcoal fires. Only platinum, requiring

Eventually, even complex casting molds could not produce the

attachment was used to connect cast parts together. But then, as

Egyptians. Most likely, this lighter colored and lower melting

metal was initially considered a different metal. This silvergold

technology. Sadly, many of the metallurgical processes developed

cultures also developed high levels of metal-working technology.

developments in gold soldering, lead based solders were developed

manufacturers to switch to no clean soldering, one company that

chlorofluorocarbon cleaning that wouldnt sacrifice cost, quality

investment led Plexus to make nitrogen inerting its method of

Research is moving rapidly to develop useful lead-free

because its composition is simple, processing is well understood

electrical properties, the industry has learned to adjust and

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