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    Section 7 - Number Theory 2

    Uploaded by

    Celle Rich
    The document discusses several mathematical laws: - The commutative law states that the order of numbers being added or multiplied does not change the result. - The associative law states that the grouping of numbers being added or multiplied does not change the result. - The distributive law states that multiplication distributes over addition and subtraction. It also discusses closure properties for different number sets under addition and multiplication, and provides examples of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing directed numbers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Section 7 - Number Theory 2

    Uploaded by

    Celle Rich
    32 views5 pages
    The document discusses several mathematical laws: - The commutative law states that the order of numbers being added or multiplied does not change the result. - The associative law states that the grouping of numbers being added or multiplied does not change the result. - The distributive law states that multiplication distributes over addition and subtraction. It also discusses closure properties for different number sets under addition and multiplication, and provides examples of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing directed numbers.

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    Mathematical laws

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    The document discusses several mathematical laws: - The commutative law states that the order of numbers being added or multiplied does not change the result. - The associative law states that the grouping of numbers being added or multiplied does not change the result. - The distributive law states that multiplication distributes over addition and subtraction. It also discusses closure properties for different number sets under addition and multiplication, and provides examples of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing directed numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    32 views5 pages

    Section 7 - Number Theory 2

    Uploaded by

    Celle Rich
    The document discusses several mathematical laws: - The commutative law states that the order of numbers being added or multiplied does not change the result. - The associative law states that the grouping of numbers being added or multiplied does not change the result. - The distributive law states that multiplication distributes over addition and subtraction. It also discusses closure properties for different number sets under addition and multiplication, and provides examples of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing directed numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    NUMBER THEORY 2

    Mathematical Laws
    The commutative law
    Examples
    a) 8 + 12 = 12 + 8
    b)8 12 = 12 8
    The order in which we add or multiply numbers does not
    matter. The result is always the same.
    The operations of addition and multiplication satisfy the
    commutative law.
    The associative law
    Examples
    a) (8 + 12) + 2 = 8 + (12 + 2)
    b)(8 12) 2 = 8 (12 2)
    The order in which we add or multiply numbers in groups
    of two does not affect their sum or product.

    The operations of addition and multiplication satisfy


    the associative law.
    The distributive law
    Examples
    a) (4 x 5) + (4 x 3) = 4 x (5 + 3) = 4(5 + 3)
    b)(4 x 5) - (4 x 3) = 4 x (5 - 3) = 4(5 - 3)
    Multiplication distributes over addition and subtraction.
    Closure Property
    Closure property: A
    set of numbers is
    closed under an
    operation, if when the
    operation is applied
    to any two numbers
    of a set the result is
    another member of
    the set, e.g. if we add

    two whole numbers,


    the result is a whole
    number.
    Laws of closure as related to:
    a)
    b)
    c)
    d)

    whole numbers
    natural numbers
    integers
    rational number

    Addition and Subtraction of Rational Numbers


    Addition of directed numbers.
    Examples
    a) (+4) + (+ 5) = (+9)
    b)(-5) + (-4) = (-8)
    c) (-5) + (+4) = -1
    When we add two directed numbers with the same sign,
    the sign of the result is the same as that of the directed
    numbers added.

    Subtraction of directed numbers.


    Examples
    a) (+9) (3) = (+6)
    b)(-9) (+3) = (-6)
    c) (-9) (-3) = (-6)

    A positive number multiplied by a positive number gives


    a positive number.
    Examples
    a) (+2) x (+6) = (+12)
    b)2a x 6b = 12ab
    A negative number multiplied by a negative number gives
    a positive number.
    Examples
    (-2) (-6) = (+12)
    (-2a) (-6b) = (+12ab)
    A positive number multiplied by a negative number gives
    a negative product.

    Examples:
    a) (-2) (+6) = (-12)
    b)(+2) (-6) = (-12)
    Division of Directed Numbers
    Division of directed
    numbers. Examples:
    (+6) (+2) =

    (+6)
    (+2)

    = (+3)

    (-6) (-2) =

    (6)
    (2)

    = (+3)

    (+6) (-2) =

    (+ 6)
    (2)

    = (-3)

    (-6) (+2) =

    (6)
    (+2)

    = (-3)

    Division of numbers with unlike signs give a negative


    quotient.

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