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Code: 9A04702
B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) With the help of electromagnetic spectrum, explain about the historical development
of optical fiber communications.
(b) A graded index fiber has a core with a parabolic refractive index profile which has a
diameter of 50
. The fiber has a NA of 0.2. Estimate the total number of guided
modes propagating in the fiber when it is operating at a wavelength of 1
.
2
(a) What is MFD of single mode fiber? Explain with suitable structure.
(b) What are active glass fibers? Explain in detail.
(a) What is a fiber coupler? Explain about three and four port couplers.
(b) A four port multimode fiber FBT coupler has 60
optical power launched into port
1. The measured output power at ports 2, 3 and 4 are 0.004, 26.0 and 27.5
respectively. Determine the excess loss, the insertion losses between the input and
output ports, the crosstalk and the split ratio for the device.
(a) What is the significance of system consideration in point-to-point fiber links? Explain.
(b) What is the source of power penalty? Explain.
2
Code: 9A04702
B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) Draw the block diagram of optical fiber communication system and explain about
each block.
(b) An optical fiber in air has an NA 0.4. Compare the acceptance angle for meridional
rays with that for skew rays which change direction by 100 degrees at each
reflection.
2
(a) What is material absorption? Explain about intrinsic and extrinsic absorption.
(b) The polarization mode dispersion in a uniformly birefringent single-mode fiber is 300
ps/km. Calculate the maximum bit rate that may be obtained on a 20 km repeater
less link assuming only polarization mode dispersion to occur.
(a) With the help of neat diagram, explain the following LED structures:
(i) Planar LED. (ii) Dome LED.
(b) A DH surface emitter which has an emission area diameter of 50
is butt jointed to
an 80
core step index fiber with a NA of 0.15. The device has a radiance of 30
Wsr-1 cm-2 at a constant operating drive current. Estimate the optical power coupled
into the fiber if it is assumed that the Fresnel reflection coefficient at the index
matched fiber surface is 0.01.
3
Code: 9A04702
B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) What are advantages of optical fiber communication? Explain clearly.
(b) A typical relative refractive index difference for an optical fiber designed for long distance
communication is 1%. Estimate the NA and solid acceptance angle in air for the fiber when
the core index is 1.46. Further, calculate the critical angle at the core-cladding interface
within the fiber. It may be assumed that the concepts of geometric optics hold for the fiber.
2
(a) What is linear scattering? Explain about Rayleigh and Mie scattering.
(b) A 3.5 km length of two polarization mode PM fiber has a polarization crosstalk of 27 dB at
its output end. Determine the mode coupling parameter for the fiber.
(a) What is fiber splices? Explain about Fusion and mechanical splices.
(b) A single mode fiber has the following parameters: Normalized frequency = 2.4, core
refractive index = 1.46, core diameter = 8
and NA = 0.1. Estimate the total insertion loss
of a fiber joint with a lateral misalignment of 1
and angular misalignment of 1 degree.
(a) Explain the need of isolator in optical network. Give its principle of operation.
(b) Write short notes on fiber grating filters.
*****
4
Code: 9A04702
B.Tech IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours
Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) What is the concept of total internal reflection? Explain with a suitable optical cable
setup.
(b) A silica optical fiber with a core diameter large enough to be considered by ray theory
analysis has a core refractive index of 1.5 and cladding refractive index of 1.47.
Determine:
(i) The critical angle at the core-cladding interface.
(ii) The NA for the fiber.
(iii) The acceptance angle in air for the fiber.
2
(a) What is fiber joint? Explain about single and multimode fiber joints.
(b) An optical fiber has a core refractive index of 1.5. Two lengths of the fiber with smooth
and perpendicular (to the core axes) end faces are butted together. Assuming the fiber
axes are perfectly aligned, calculate the optical loss in dB at the joint (due to Fresnel
reflection) when there is a small air gap between the fiber end faces.
(a) Design an optical fiber link for transmitting 15 Mb/sec of data for a distance of 4 km
with BER of 10-9.
(b) Write short notes on error control in digital link.