The document summarizes key events and developments in World War II for the United States, including its entry into the war, mobilization of resources and industry, major battles in Europe and the Pacific, use of atomic weapons against Japan, and conclusion of the war. It discusses topics like Japanese internment, women's roles, labor issues, presidential elections, and strategic decision-making around fronts like North Africa. Overall, it provides a broad overview of the US experience in World War II from entry to victory.
The document summarizes key events and developments in World War II for the United States, including its entry into the war, mobilization of resources and industry, major battles in Europe and the Pacific, use of atomic weapons against Japan, and conclusion of the war. It discusses topics like Japanese internment, women's roles, labor issues, presidential elections, and strategic decision-making around fronts like North Africa. Overall, it provides a broad overview of the US experience in World War II from entry to victory.
The document summarizes key events and developments in World War II for the United States, including its entry into the war, mobilization of resources and industry, major battles in Europe and the Pacific, use of atomic weapons against Japan, and conclusion of the war. It discusses topics like Japanese internment, women's roles, labor issues, presidential elections, and strategic decision-making around fronts like North Africa. Overall, it provides a broad overview of the US experience in World War II from entry to victory.
The document summarizes key events and developments in World War II for the United States, including its entry into the war, mobilization of resources and industry, major battles in Europe and the Pacific, use of atomic weapons against Japan, and conclusion of the war. It discusses topics like Japanese internment, women's roles, labor issues, presidential elections, and strategic decision-making around fronts like North Africa. Overall, it provides a broad overview of the US experience in World War II from entry to victory.
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The Allies Trade Space for Time
WW II brings more complexity than WW I had to spread its resources world wide rather than just focusing on itself The Shock of War The War unifies US, making it easier for immigrants to assimilate into society no witch-hunting of minority groups except for Roughly 100,000 Japanese-Americans forced into concentration camps, authroized by Executive Order No. 9066 gov worried that they would act as saboteurs for japan in even of invasion q. 24 Korematsu v. U.S supreme court declares entourmanet camps constitutional 1943- FDR declares that New Deal reform era is over after congress conservatives cancel many of its programs Building the War Machine q. 25 War Production Board- an institution that oversaw U.S. War production and aided American factories in prouing large amounts of weaponries; also halted the manufacture of nonessential items After U.S. supply of rubber is broken Govt imposes gaosline rations 1942- a sharp inflation occurs due to lack of consumer goods; Office of Price Administration brings prices back down War Labor Board kept wage increases from going out of hand q. 25 as a result some labor unions encouraged their members to go on strike such as mining industry q. 26 1943- Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act authroizes govt to operate industires that were on strike Henry J. Kaiser- helped with the naval aspect of development Manpower and Womanpower Farms and factories short of personnel Mexican agricultural workers -- braceros-- brought to america to harvest western farms 216000 women enslited in WW II WAACS, WAVES, SPARS Most woment kept traditional household roles Wartime MIgrations War caused displacement Blacks left for the north, causing racial tensions as a result FDR creates Fair Employment Practices Commission to make sure his order against discrimination was being upheld FDR gave south uneven share of defense contracts to aid its economy 1944- Mechanical Cotton Picker made the need for manual labor decrease encouraging blacks to move north. Native Americans served in armed forces used as code talkers to transmit messages in their native language A. Phillip Randolph; demanded equal opportunity in wartime jobs Holding the Home Front America not quite as affected by war as the rest of the world, war helped American economy Fed govt became more involved in individual lives National debt rose from 49 bil to 259 bil due to bororwed money q. 29 The Rising Sun in the Pacific
As well as PEarl Harbor, Japan attacks other far east strongholds
Guam Wake Philippines o General MacArthur holds out against Japanese forces for 5 months but eventually surrendered o His army forced in war camps Corregidor holds out until 1942, giving japan total control of philippines Japans High Tide at Midway May 1942- battle fought in Coral Sea where U.S stops japanese advancement. All fighting done by carrier-based aircraft q. 30 June 1942- naval battle fought by Midway If japan took it they could directly launch attacks against Pearl Harbor Chester Nimitz directed a small carrier force under Rayomn Spruance against a Japanese felet Japan retreats Midway was an important point in the pacific war for halting Japanese q. 31 American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo Americans fight for control fo Guadalcanal Island from august to feb 1942-1943 want to protect shipping lanes through southwest Pacific Huge japanese casuality rates, japan evacuates q. 32 American tactic was to take nearby islands and then attack the surroundings ones. All lead by Admiral Mimitz q. 33 Major islands of Marianas were gained by US and made it easier for U.S. bombs to carry out attacks on Japanese Home Islands q. 34 The Allied Halting of Hitler Battle of the Atlantic fought between German U-Boats and Allied shipping Air patrols and radar help the allies win Battle of El Alamein British General Bernard Montgomery defeats Germans (Lead by Marshal Erwin Rommel) 1942- soviets repel hitlers attack on Stalingrad q. 35 A Second Front from North Africa to Rome Americans fear soviets will make seperate peace Ally with france FDR plans a diversionary invasion Brits wanted to attack Hitler through mediterranean, a less heavily militarized area. America eventually agrees November 1942- Dwight D. Eisenhower leads assault on North Africa May 1943 GermanItaly army surrendered in Tunisia Casablanca; FDR meets with Winston Churchill to increase military action in pacific and fight for an unconditional surrender from the enemy q. 37 q. 38 August 1942- Sicily Captured September 1943- Italy surrenders and Mussolini is overthrown June 1944- Rome taken May 1945- thousands are taken as POW or surrendered from axis powers The battles in italy diverted the invasion of Normandy, giving soviets time to take territory q. 39
D-Day June 6, 1944
Joseph Stalin FDR and Churchill meet in Teheran to arrange a second front an important development was agreement on broad plans for attacks on germany from east and west Eisenhower given command of the armies Normandy is chosen as the point of invasion D-Day Allies break through German beach defenses and General George S. Patton led armored divisions in France Paris liberated August 1944 Aachen falls to allies in october 1944 FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944 q. 41 In the election of 1944 Repubs choose Thomas E. Dewey for presidency and John W. Bricker fo VP Democrats nominate FDR and Harry S. Truman for VP Roosevelt Defeats Dewey FDR winds a huge victory and is reelected Due to sucess n war His foreign policy experienec also huge plus The Last Days of Hitler December 1944 hitler throws the rest of his forces in the abattle at the Ardennes Foret in order to take the Belgian port of Antwerp Battle of the BUlge, Allies are driven back The 10 day erman push is successfuly stopped by an Airborne Division lead by Brigadier General A. C. McAuliffe April 1945- Ally troops discover the concentration camps April 1945- Soviets captre Berlin April 30 1945- Hitler commits suicide April 12 1945- FDR dies suddenly from brain hemmorage, Truman takes over May 7 1845 VE day as German govt surrenders Japan Dies Hard Firebombings in tokyo kill over 8300 General MacArthur returns to philippines heavily stacked Japan loses a series of 3 battles thus marking the end of Japans Sea power q. 42 Macarthur captures Manila in March 1945 Iwo Jima is needed as an airport for damaged American bombers and is subsequently captured Americans capture Okinawa kamikaze- japanese suicide bombers that inflicted heavy damage on U.S. The Atomic Bombs Japan refuses to surrender unconditionally mid 1945 Potsdam conference- truman meets with stalin and british dude to issue a fatal ultimatum to japan that ended in either their surrender or their destruction Atomic bomb developed by the manhattan project originally itnended for germany q. 43. Albert Einstein aids in the development August 6 1945- bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Death toll at 180,000 August 8 1945- Stalin invades japanese defenses of manchuria and korea
August 9 1945- Nagasaki dropped, 80,000 dead
U.S continued working on more atomic bombs August 10 1945 Tokyo surrendered under the condition that emporor Hirohito be allowed to keep powers, and the allies accept. September 2 1945- official end to war, VJ day The Allies Triumphant Americans lost 1 mil, soviet lost 25 mil Huge fraction of war countires destroyed but America basically spotless America was already well prepared because it had more prep time
45. Explain how in the 1930s the American people were overwhelmingly anti-Nazi and anti-Hitler, but they were desperately determined to stay out [of war]. America had had such an awful experience with foreign policy that although they were sympathetic for others they had their own problems they wanted to deal with first 47. At what point do you think American entry into the war in Europe became inevitable? Explain. I think Pearl Harbor really was the turning point because it was the first itme that the axis powers had threatened us directly. While we should have helped much earlier it didnt become a pressing matter until then 48. Do you think the argument that one should not change horses in the middle of a stream is sufficient to justify Franklin Roosevelts breaking the two-term tradition in 1940? Do you think anyone should be allowed to serve more than two terms in the presidency? Why or why not? I think this was a good bet in the context but would not work as a hard fast rule. As always there are situations when corruption is part of the risker.it makes sense an di would be behindit. 49. Present arguments for and against using the A-bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Had it been your decision, what would you have done? Why? This is the worst question in the world its like i know that us or them but it seems so awful I really have no clue. 50. What are the arguments for and against the Japanese-American relocation camps used in World War II? Do you agree with the text authors that these camps were eunnecessary and unfair? Why or why not? I think the camps were unnecessary. It just goes along the classic American ideal that everyone is out to get us blah blah blah 51. In terms of defending Americas national interests, which do you think was the most critical front in World War II, the European theater or the Pacific? Why?
I think the European theater was most critical because thats wehre most of the allied powers were. While there were many valuable trade rutes in the pacific the heart of the issue was always at the home land in europee 52. Why, with major wars in Europe and the Pacific, did American troops see their first active combat in World War II in North Africa? What were the strategic objectives of that campaign? THey wanted to cut off much of the axis powers access to the spullies they were seeping from North America. It was also unexpected and well planned.
