DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING TEAM

BEST PRACTICES
AFLOAT TRAINING GROUP

Rev: 29 MAR 2001

Norfolk, VA Phone# (757) 462-8097
Autovon (253-8097/8517)
Mayport, FL Phone# (904) 270-7416
Autovon (960-7416/7415)
Ingleside, TX Phone# (512) 776-4854
Autovon (776-4605/4847)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION ONE INTRODUCTION
Afloat Training Group Mission

1.1

SECTION TWO MATERIAL CONDITIONS

List of Common CCOL Material Discrepancies

2.1

Material Conditions of Readiness

2.4

CCOL/Space Inspection

2.8

Yoke/Zebra Sample

2.10

Material Condition Grading Information

2.11

Maintaining Damage Control Closure Log

2.14

SECTION THREE DRILLS

DCTT Brief Preparation

3.1

Battle Problem Outline

3.2

Damage Control Training Aids

3.3

DCTT Effectiveness-Navy

3.8

DCTT Effectiveness-Coast Guard

3.11

SECTION FOUR QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Damage Control

4.1

CBR

4.16

SECTION ONE INTRODUCTION

Afloat Training Group Mission:
Assist in training shipboard personnel in damage control
readiness. Training of personnel and training teams will be
conducted both in port and underway during damage control
scenarios.
Concept of operation, the emphasis of training will be to
train the trainers. However, special team training will be
conducted as required.
Objectives for Damage Control Training:
a.

b.

DCTT:
1)

Writing and conducting various damage control

exercises.

2)

Develop the ability to meet training objectives as

briefed.

3)

Develop the ability to assess repair parties in all

DC exercises.

4)

Develop the ability to assess the setting of

material conditions.

5)

Develop the ability to recognize unsafe actions and

conditions.

6)

Develop the ability to recognize material

deficiencies in damage control equipment and damage
control fittings.

7)

Develop the ability to instruct in basic damage

control functions and methods.

8)

Familiarization with basic damage control doctrine:

NSTM 555, NSTM 079 Vol II, NSTM 470, NSTM 070, NSTM
077, Repair Party Manual NWP 3-20.31,
COMNAVSURFLANT/ PACINST 3502.2E (SFTM), and
OPNAVINST 3120.32C (SORM).

9)

Develop the ability to brief, execute, debrief and

critique damage control exercises.

Repair Parties:
1)

Executing various damage control exercises.

2)

Ensure all repair party members can don and operate

SCBAs, OBAs and EEBDs.

3)

Conduct informal inventories and inspection of

repair party equipment.

1-1

c.

d.

4)

Evaluate the ability to set and maintain material

condition ZEBRA.

5)

Exercise pipe patching, shoring, dewatering and

plugging teams in hands-on drills.

6)

Train CBR teams in proper monitoring,

decontamination and contamination control
procedures. Train CCA/Decon personnel in setting up
and processing contaminated personnel.

Damage Control Petty Officers:

1)

Train on responsibilities for setting and

maintaining material condition YOKE.

2)

Train on setting of YOKE.

3)

Train on maintenance of portable damage control

equipment and compartment space inspection.

Damage Control Assistant:

1)

Train in coordinating and monitoring of repair

party's actions in multiple hit damage control
problems.

2)

Train in communicating vital information to ship

control stations.

3)

Train in evaluating damage and setting priorities

for repair actions.

4)
Provide with informal material deficiency
assessment.
5)
e.

Train in directing CBR defense postures.

Inport Damage Control Teams:

1)

Exercise in fire, underwater hull damage and toxic

gas drills.

2)

Provide assistance away from the ship, test

operation of P-250/P-100 pumps.

Damage Control Training Team:

A proficient DCTT is highly recommended. Members should
be highly motivated and knowledgeable. It will be to your
advantage to have a functioning Damage Control Training Team
Program. Assignments and position qualification must be IAW
COMNAVSURFLANTINST 3502.2.Series and COMNAVAIRLANT INST
3500.20. Status inputs concerning DCTT progress will be
provided to your Squadron and Type Commanders. Your DCTT is a
vital key to the effectiveness of the DC training you receive
from ATG.

1-2

Damage Control Lectures and Demonstrations:

During the Basic Phase Training Cycle, the DC Instructors
will conduct lectures and demonstrations for DCTT, DCPOs and
repair party personnel. Topics include: preparing for and
performing YOKE and ZEBRA checks, fire fighting, pipe
patching, shoring and CCA/DECON training.
Chemical, Biological and Radiological Defense Bill (CHEM
DRILLS):
Recommend the CBR-D Bill be reviewed for accuracy and
tailored to the ship while executing CBR-D drills. All hands
should be familiar with MOPP levels and your CBR-D Bill, prior
to commencement of training.
Items recommended for training are:
ITEM

NSN

-Decontamination Kits M-291

9H 4230-01-276-1905

-Simulator, Chemical Agent: Training, M-256 9H 6665-01-112-1644

-2-PAM Chloride Training Auto Injectors

9H 6910-01-194-2227

-Cap Recocking Training Device (2-PAM)

9H 6910-01-193-5047

-Atropine Auto Injector for Training

9H 6910-01-194-0378

-Tool Recocking Training Device Injector

(Atropine)

9H 6910-01-193-5045

Various sizes of the Chemical Protective Ensemble

DC Closure Log:
All ships are required to prepare, maintain, and instruct
personnel in the use of the DC Closure Log IAW OPNAVINST
3120.32 Series. Proper utilization of this document can aid
the ship in setting material conditions and is a valuable
training tool and source of information. Recommend DCTT review
the Damage Control Closure Log and the Inoperative Fitting Log
each time Yoke and Zebra is checked. The importance of an
accurate Closure Log cannot be overlooked.
Officer and CPO Involvement:
The secret to success is participation and motivation by
all hands. Plan for corrective measures early in training.
Gain and maintain the full support of officers, CPOs and DCTT
throughout training and success will follow.
Recommend you read and become familiar with, the Surface
Force Training Manual (COMNAVSURFLANT/PACINST 3502.2 Series).
Familiarity with the training requirements will afford you
greater flexibility in scheduling DC exercises. Another source
1-3

of information is the ATG Web Site (www.atgl.spear.navy.mil).

It contains compiled information and examples for writing and
conducting an integrated drill scenario.

1-4

DAMAGE CONTROL INPORT DRILLS:

Exercises that may be conducted are:
a. Pipe Patching (MOB-D-20-SF)
b. Shoring (MOB-D-13-SF)
c. Underwater Hull Phase II (MOB-D-12-SF)
d. Rescue and Assistance (MOB-D-10-SF)
e. Fire Extinguishing & Smoke Clearance (MOB-D-14-SF)
f. Toxic Gas (MOB-D-31-SF)
DAMAGE CONTROL UNDERWAY:
Exercises that may be conducted (not all-inclusive) are Damage
Control Central (DCC only):
a. Righting Ship (MOB-D-6-SF)
b. Emergency Interior Communications (MOB-D-4-SF)
c. Underwater Hull Phase I (MOB-D-12-SF)
d. Shoring (MOB-D-13-SF)
e. Pipe Patching (MOB-D-20-SF)
f. Topside Damage (MOB-D-5-SF)
g. Shipwide Chemical Drill (MOB-D-15-SF) consists of:
Evaluation of the CBR-D Bill, verification of internal
and external routes, activation of the countermeasure
washdown system, setting circle William, set up and
inventory of the CCA/DECON stations, ship's ability to
organize decontamination/monitoring teams, establish
contamination control areas/decon stations and to
determine self aid/buddy aid for the type of agent
received, verification of summary of actions, and test
crews general knowledge of CBR-D (see CBR-D questions
and answers).
TRAINING MATERIALS:
It is recommended that sufficient training materials be
available for the duration of the Basic Phase Training Cycle.
Materials such as rubber gasket material, wedges, marlin, and
2x4s for shoring may be used on a daily basis while ATG
Damage Control Instructors are onboard.

1-5

SECTION TWO
LIST OF COMMON CCOL AND MATERIAL DISCREPANCIES:
The following list is provided to show some of the more
common CCOL and material discrepancies found on U.S. Navy
ships and U.S. Coast Guard cutters during material condition
evaluations.
1.

NPP Not permanently posted: CCOL holder missing,

CCOL taped to the bulkhead, CCOL holder taped to the
bulkhead, missing plastic cover.

2.

NCP Not conspicuously posted: CCOL hidden behind

lockers, duplicate not marked in spaces having more
than 1 access, CCOL marked both as duplicate and
original.

3.

NPI Not properly itemized: numbers in the items

column are missing, itemized incorrectly such as
25a, 25b, etc., Out of sequence and two numbers are
the same.

4.

AFNAN All fittings not assigned a number:

classified fitting, valve, or closure not assigned a
number.

Note: Fittings, valves and closures shall be numbered by deck,

frame and side of the ship with the exception of some remotely
operated fittings, valves or closures.
5.

AFNAC All fittings not assigned a classification:

fittings, valves and closures that are required to
be classified are not.

6.

DRNA Division/Repair Locker responsibility not

assigned: responsibility column is blank, Circle
William is assigned to a division vice a repair
locker, x-ray or yoke is assigned to a repair locker
instead of a division, dog zebra is not assigned
dual responsibility.

7.

NPG Not properly grouped: sequence, heading,

fitting, or classed.
a. Sequence:

Headings listed on the CCOL are not in

the correct order.

b. Heading:

Incorrect headings,(common mistakes

are portable damage control fittings,
miscellaneous classified and chill
water).

2-1

c. Fitting:

d. Classed:

Fittings, valves or closures are

listed under the wrong heading, (JP-5
COV listed under ventilation).
Classified fittings found under the
miscellaneous unclassified heading.

8.

AFNL All fittings not listed: a fitting that is

physically in the compartment is not on the CCOL.

9.

AFLNIS All fittings listed not in space: fittings,

valves and closures listed on the CCOL, but not
found in the compartment (valves removed during
overhaul).

10.

N/N Not numbered: deck, frame and side of the

ship, (except remotely operated fittings) must
number fittings, valves and closures. Taped over,
over 50% faded or painted over.

11.

N/C Not classified: classified fitting, valve, or

closure is missing the classification label, taped
over, over 50% faded or painted over.

12.

Color The classification tag on a fitting is the

wrong color, (x-ray, yoke, and William are black,
zebra is red, and dog is black).

13.

NPN Not properly numbered: fitting, valve or

closure number does not match the DC number on the
CCOL, actual physical location does not agree with
the number assigned. (ATC 2-123-2 is located at
frame 118)

14.

M/C Misclassified: classification of fitting, valve

or closure does not match the classification on the
CCOL.

Note: In checking material conditions we consider the CCOL to

be correct, this does not mean it is. CCOLs should be verified
against the ships' damage control book/charts.
15.

D/C Dual classified: fitting, valve or closure is

assigned more than one classification.

16.

D/N Dual numbered: fitting, valve or closure is

assigned more than one number.

17.

OOA Out of adjustment: dogs on fittings not

adjusted properly.

18.

ILP Incorrect label plate: the label plate above

accesses will have the fitting number, noun name and
compartment entering.

2-2

19.

NLP

No label plate.

20.

Bullseye A bull's eye should be visible from each

access to the space. The lettering will be 2 inches
high painted over a 12 in x 15 in wide
photoluminscent painted area, (not photoluminscent
if in a space leading to the exterior). Compartment
number on the bullseye must match the CCOL, the
frames that bound the space and the division
responsible must be on the bullseye.
Example:
2-110-1-l
110-120
R

21.

Deck plate markings: The inscribing of deck plate

covers such, as sounding tube caps, shall be IAW
drawing navships # 810-1385848. In addition, a label
plate having the same inscription content as the
deck plate cover, shall be mounted on the nearest
adjacent bulkhead, stanchion or other permanent
structure at a distance not less than 12 inches, and
greater than 36 inches above the deck. The first
line of the plate inscription shall be the deck
plate basic location number, the second line shall
identify the system function, and the third line
shall indicate the number of the tank or void.
Example
2-97-2
SOUNDING
2-98-2-V

NOTE:

1. Damage Control label plates shall be manufactured in

accordance with GENSPECS and NSTM 079 VOL II.
Allowance for use of replacement material (bakelite) will be in accordance with Damage Control
Advisory # 16 DTG R200345Z NOV 97.
2. Firestation Bullseyes shall be posted in accordance
with NSTM 079 VOL II. Allowance for the use of
photoluminscent and reflective signs will be in
accordance with COMNAVSEASYSCOM WASHINGTON DC/03G
MESSAGE. DTG R 100320Z.

2-3

Material Conditions of Readiness:

Modified YOKE (Y) Condition YOKE may be modified
(reduced in stringency) during normal working hours at sea in
good visibility during peacetime cruising. In modified
material condition YOKE, XRAY and YOKE closures and fittings
below the waterline are closed. YOKE closures and fittings
above the waterline may be left open to improve accessibility
and habitability.
ZEBRA (Z) Material condition ZEBRA is set during General
Quarters. It is also set when the ship is leaving or entering
port during wartime or at any time the ship is in a damaging
situation such as that caused by fire or flooding. Closures
and fittings classified ZEBRA are labeled with a red letter Z.
When material condition ZEBRA is set closures and fittings
classified XRAY, Y, and Z are set.
COMPARTMENTATION AND SYSTEM SEGREGATION Ships are
designed and constructed to provide for increasing degrees of
effective compartmentation and system segregation through
systematic shutting of increasing numbers of closures and
fittings. To allow use of the given compartmentation to its
greatest advantage, all closures and fittings in tight decks,
bulkheads, piping systems and ventilation systems that have
damage control value are classified and marked with their
classification.
CLOSURES AND FITTINGS Closures are defined as closable
openings in overheads, decks and bulkheads for access by
personnel. Fittings are covers, valves, caps and plugs for
access other than for personnel and for control of fluid flow.
They may be on or in piping and ventilation systems or in
overheads, decks and bulkheads. For brevity, where context
allows, the term fitting is used to include the meaning of
both fitting and closure and the term compartmentation is used
to include both structural and fluid system segregation.

2-4

THREE-CONDITION SHIPS Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA)

designs ships to have three material conditions of readiness.
These conditions provide three progressive stages of
compartmentation of the ship. Ships maintain different
material conditions of readiness according to whether contact
with an enemy (or natural hazard such as wind or waves) is
improbable, probable or potentially imminent. The basic
material conditions of readiness through which all ships
progress are XRAY, YOKE, and ZEBRA. These three material
conditions of readiness provide increasing degrees of
protection against the spread of fire, flooding, smoke,
dangerous fumes and gases and chemical, biological, and
radiological (CBR) agents. Material condition XRAY provides
the lowest degree of compartmentation and therefore of
protection. YOKE provides a higher degree than XRAY. Condition
ZEBRA provides the highest degree of protection. ZEBRA is said
to be a higher classification than YOKE, and YOKE higher than
XRAY. In addition, there are six special classifications
(Circle XRAY, Circle YOKE, Circle ZEBRA, Dog ZEBRA, WILLIAM,
and Circle WILLIAM). These conditions are further defined and
described in the following paragraphs.
XRAY (X) Material condition XRAY is set when the ship is
in almost no danger of attack or natural hazard, as when it is
in a well-protected harbor or secured at home base, in fair
weather, during normal working hours. All closures and
fittings classified XRAY, even when logged open, should be
closed at all times when they are not in actual operation.
They are labeled with a black letter X.
YOKE (Y) Material condition YOKE is set and maintained
at sea, when entering or leaving port during peacetime, in
port outside of normal working hours during peacetime, and in
port during wartime. Closures and fittings classified YOKE are
labeled with a black letter Y. When material condition YOKE is
set, both XRAY and YOKE closures and fittings are closed.
Modified ZEBRA (Z) There may arise certain situations
during which the Commanding Officer may wish to set a modified
material condition ZEBRA. Setting of modified material
condition ZEBRA will give a higher survivability stance than
condition YOKE. At the same time, modified ZEBRA is less
restrictive and will more readily allow the accomplishment of
certain operational requirements. Modified ZEBRA may result as
an upgrade from condition YOKE or as a downgrade from
condition ZEBRA. Some of the situations that may make a
modified material condition ZEBRA desirable are the following:
a.

Underway replenishment

2-5

b.

Vertical replenishment

c.

Air operations

d.

Amphibious operations

e.

Transit of known or suspected hazardous navigation

areas

SPECIAL CLASSIFICATIONS Special classifications, which

are modifications of XRAY, YOKE, and ZEBRA, plus WILLIAM and
Circle WILLIAM, are placed on various fittings to meet special
requirements. These special classifications are discussed in
the following paragraphs.
Circle XRAY and Circle YOKE These classifications are
designated by a black letter X or Y within a black circle.
These classifications are assigned to fittings that may be
opened without special permission by personnel proceeding to
or from battle stations, or as required for routine inspection
or for access to vital spaces. These classifications also
apply to limited system isolation valves that are routinely
operated. These fittings shall be reclosed immediately after
each use.
Circle ZEBRA This classification is designated by a red
letter Z within a red circle. In situations where the ship has
material condition ZEBRA set for extended periods of time, the
Commanding Officer may wish to authorize use of Circle ZEBRA
closures and fittings to facilitate the feeding of the crew
and to allow the use of selected sanitary spaces. When the
Commanding Officer authorizes the use of Circle ZEBRA closures
and fittings, they may be used in the same way as Circle YOKE
closures and fittings when Yoke is set; that is, they may be
opened to pass through but closed immediately after passing
through. Operational requirements may create a need for some
of these closures or fittings to be opened and left open. If
so, they must be closely monitored to ensure rapid closing
should the situation require.
Dog ZEBRA This classification is indicated by a red
letter Z enclosed by a large black letter D. Dog ZEBRA
closures and fittings are those which are required to be
closed when material condition ZEBRA is set or during periods
of darken-ship when the established material condition of
readiness is YOKE. These closures and fittings are normally
located in decks and bulkheads exposed to the weather.
Therefore, they must be closed during darken-ship to prevent
light from showing outside the ship.

2-6

Designation WILLIAM (W) Certain fittings, indicated by a

black letter W, which serve vital piping and ventilation
systems are classified WILLIAM. Even though they have specific
damage control value, WILLIAM fittings are not required to be
closed in consequence of the setting of any material condition
of readiness. WILLIAM fittings may be open and operating
regardless of the material condition of readiness set. These
fittings are secured only to prevent the spread of the effects
of damage, to prevent the intake of CBR contamination, to
permit maintenance or to allow normal system or equipment
shutdown. When contact with CBR material in the water is
expected, sea suction fittings that are classified WILLIAM,
except those essential for propulsion shall be closed.
Particular attention shall be given to securing distilling
plants in time to prevent contamination of the distilling
plant and of the ship's potable and feed water supply. Closing
of WILLIAM closures and fittings may be initiated by the
system or space operator in attempting to limit local damage
or failure. The damage control organization also may initiate
closing of these fittings to prevent the spread of the effects
of damage or CBR contamination.
Circle WILLIAM This classification is indicated by a
black letter W within a black circle. Circle WILLIAM fittings
are access and ventilation fittings that may be open and
operating regardless of the material condition of readiness
set. These fittings are required to be closed only to prevent
the spread of the effects of damage or for CBR defense. Circle
WILLIAM closures and fittings are closed upon recommendation
of the DCA with approval from the Commanding Officer.
Normally Open (N-O) This classification is indicated by
black letters. N-O classifications are assigned to fittings
that are normally open for general system operation and do not
require special permission for damage control usage.
Normally Shut (N-S) This classification is indicated by
black letters. N-S classifications are assigned to fittings
that are normally shut for general system operation and do not
require special permission for damage control usage.

2-7

CCOL/SPACE INSPECTION
DEPARTMENT _____ DATE ________ COMPARTMENT NUMBER ____________
Y=YES/N=NO
1.

Are all CCOLs posted at each main entrance?

2.

Does the compartment number on the CCOL match the

number on the Bullseye?

3.

Are all items on the CCOL in numerical order?

(I.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Vice 1, 3, 3a, 6, 7, 9)

4.

Are all classified fittings numbered with a 3

part DC number? (I.e. 1-121-1 vice 1-121-1l or 11211)

5.

Are DC fittings listed in the proper group, group

headings in the correct order and not
abbreviated?

6.

Are divisions assigned to each X, CX, Y, CY, W,

and DZ fitting with repair lockers assigned to
CW, Z, CZ, and DZ fittings?

7.

Do CCOLs have duplicate written on them if the

compartment has more than one access? (Note:
CCOLs stamped original are maintained in the
master CCOL)

8.

Check each item listed on the CCOL against each

fitting in the compartment by removing the CCOL
from it's holder and starting with item number 1,
go fitting by fitting ensuring the DC fitting
number and classification match exactly. Note:
All sounding tube caps will be classified circle
X-Ray.

9.

Are all numbers on classified fittings clear and

legible? (Not painted over, not taped over, not
50% faded)

10. Are all classification markings of the proper

color? (X, Y, W, and D are black; Z is red)
11. Do all fittings operate? (I.e.Handwheels not
missing)
12. Are wrenches for deck drain valves, hatches, Ovbd
discharges, and individual dog WTDs in place and
of the correct size? (At least one within 10 feet
of fittings)

2-8

Y=YES/N=NO
13. Are fittings found OOC or out of adjustment
properly entered in the OOC list of the DC
closure log?
14. Are the label plates correct? (Number of fitting,
noun name of compt. you are entering and compt.
number)
15. Are gaskets (0 gap), knife edges & wedges free of
paint?
16. Are the fittings, which are required to be closed
for the material condition, set on the ship
closed?

NOTES:________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2-9

MATERIAL CONDITION CHECKS

YOKE/ZEBRA

BULLSEYE ______

________

CCOL ______
COLOR ______

REPAIR LOCKER ________

MAJOR ______

DATE

________

MINOR ______

USS/USCG

_________________

BULLSEYE------------------------->
CCOL-------------------------------->

BULLSEYE------------------------->
CCOL-------------------------------->

BULLSEYE------------------------->
CCOL-------------------------------->

BULLSEYE------------------------->
CCOL-------------------------------->

2-10

Material Grading Information:

1.

WATERTIGHT DOORS, HATCHES AND SCUTTLES

MAJOR

A. 2 OR MORE DOGS NOT SET, BROKEN, MISSING OR

INOPERATIVE (1 DOG IS A MINOR)

B. OPEN IN VIOLATION OF MATERIAL CONDITION

C. GASKET MISSING,

X
X

D. KNIFE EDGE, WEDGE, OR GASKET PAINTED OR

GASKET DETERIORATED
E. PASSING AIR OR LIGHT THRU WATERTIGHT BULKHEAD
OR DECK
2.

HOLES

A. HOLES IN WATERTIGHT DECK OR BULKHEAD

B. HOLES IN SKIN OF SHIP

3.

AIR TEST FITTINGS

A. CAP MISSING THRU WATERTIGHT DECK OR BULKHEAD

B. LOOSE 1 TURN OR MORE (TIGHTENING DIRECTION

FOR CAPS WITHOUT GASKET, LESS THAN 1 TURN IS A
MINOR)

4.

SOUNDING TUBE CAPS

A. LOOSE 1 OR MORE TURNS (TIGHTENING DIRECTION,

LESS THAN 1 TURN IS A MINOR)

B. CAP MISSING, NO VALVE INSTALLED

C. INOPERATIVE, VALVE FROZEN OR CAP FROZEN

D. SOUNDING TUBE VALVE OPEN WITHOUT CAP

X
X

E. SOUNDING TUBE VALVE OPEN WITH CAP INSTALLED

F. MISSING HANDWHEEL OR BROKEN HANDWHEEL
5.

MINOR

DECK DRAIN VALVE, WITH CLOSURE DEVICES

A. 50% OR MORE SCREWS MISSING, LESS THAN 50% IS

A MINOR

B. CLOSURE DEVICE

OR VALVE MISSING

C. INOPERATIVE, FROZEN

D. OPEN IN VIOLATION OF MATERIAL CONDITION

2-11

6.

STUFFING TUBES / CABLEWAYS

A. OPEN, NOT PACKED, NOT SEALED OR INEFFECTIVE

SEAL THRU WATERTIGHT BULKHEAD
7.

SUBMERSIBLE PUMP OVERBOARD DISCHARGE

X

A. OPEN OR CAP MISSING

B. SPANNER WRENCH MISSING (ATTACHED BY CABLE OR

CHAIN)
C. LOOSE 1 TURN OR MORE (LESS THAN 1 TURN IS A
MINOR)
8.

AIRPORTS AND BATTLE PORTS

A. 50% OR MORE DOGS MISSING, OPEN OR INOPERATIVE

X
X

B. PASSING LIGHT OR AIR

9.

FIREMAIN VALVES

A. OPEN IN VIOLATION OF MATERIAL CONDITION

B. INOPERATIVE, FROZEN OR HANDWHEEL MISSING

C. WILLIAM VALVE CLOSED (INFORMATION ONLY)

10. VENTILATION SYSTEM
A. VALVE OPEN OR FANS RUNNING IN VIOLATION OF
MATERIAL COND.

B. WILLIAM VALVE CLOSED OR FAN SECURED

(INFORMATION ONLY)
11. VOICE TUBES WITH COVERS
A. OPEN IN VIOLATION OF MATERIAL CONDITION

12. SALT WATER AND BALLAST SYSTEMS (INCLUDING MAIN DRAINAGE)

A. VALVE OPEN IN VIOLATION OF MATERIAL CONDITION

B. VALVE INOPERATIVE

C. HYDRAULIC OPERATORS OR LIGHTS INOPERATIVE

13. MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEM VALVES

A. OPEN IN VIOLATION OF MATERIAL CONDITION

B. VALVE FROZEN OR INOPERATIVE

C. HANDWHEEL MISSING

2-12

14. PASSING TUBES, SECURITY LIGHT FITTINGS

A. LOOSE, OPEN OR CAP MISSING

B. PASSING LIGHT OR AIR

15. DECK SOCKETS

A. CAP FROZEN, SOCKET FROZEN OR OPEN IN
VIOLATION

NOTES: WHEN A VALVE IS HIDDEN (DECK PLATES, FALSE BULKHEADS,

ETC.), THE MARKING SHOULD BE ON THE VALVE AND ON THE ACCESS
PLATE. MHC, BUTTERWORTH CONNECTION, AND AHVC UNDER
MATTING/DECK PLATE CAN BE NUMBERED AND CLASSED ON THE BULKHEAD
OR CLOSE PROXIMITY.
UNDER ALL CATEGORIES-FOR FITTINGS NOT NUMBERED, NOT
CLASSIFIED, MISNUMBERED, MISCLASSIFIED ARE MINOR
DISCREPANCIES.
FITTINGS LOGGED INOPERATIVE IN THE CLOSURE LOG ARE NOT
DISCREPANCIES.
ZEBRA ACCESSES LOCKED DURING CONDITION YOKE MUST BE LOGGED
CLOSED. IF NOT LOGGED CLOSED (CLOSURE LOG) THIS WILL BE
CONSIDERED A MINOR DISCREPANCY.
1 WRENCH MUST BE AVAILABLE WITHIN 10 FEET OF ALL FITTINGS, IF
NOT THIS WILL BE CONSIDERED A MINOR DISCREPANCY.

2-13

DAMAGE CONTROL CLOSURE LOG:

NOTE: NWP 3-20.31 STATES THAT THE DCA SHALL MAINTAIN THE
CLOSURE LOG.
A. Does the closure log instruction address the Commanding
Officer designating in writing the maximum number of
fittings authorized to be in violation of the prescribed
material condition of readiness?
B. Is an Inoperative Fitting Log maintained as part of the
closure log with the status of OOC fittings (i.e. jammed,
threads stripped)?
C. Does the DCA frequently review the Damage Control Closure
Log?
D. Is there an entry (twice a day) in the closure log
reflecting the results of the checking of the material
condition of readiness?
E. Are all modifications of the material condition of
readiness logged?
F. Are fittings logged open no greater than 24 hours?
G. Is the log filled out in black ink only?
H. Is the name, rate, and division of the person requesting
violation properly logged?
I. Is the type of fitting properly logged?
J. Is the damage control number of the fitting properly
logged?
K. Is the classification of the fitting properly logged?
L. Is the date and time the fitting was opened/closed properly
logged?
M. Is the estimated length of time the fitting is going to be
opened properly logged?
N. Is the person granting permission signature properly
logged?
Notes:
1. Never write-over or erase. In the event of a mistake, line
out the mistake with one line and initial.
2. NSTM 079 VOL II states that the log entry for every
closure, or fitting, that is locked shall be annotated with
its status (i.e. locked shut).
3. OOC fittings listed need not be logged each time the ships
material condition is set or checked.
2-14

4. Recommend inserting an example of a correct closure log

entry and an incorrect closure log entry into your
instruction.
5. Recommend the ship establish group fittings for special
evolutions (i.e. refueling, sea & anchor detail, modified
zebra).
6. The modified zebra group fitting should list the DC #,
class and type of fitting which will be shut and the DC #,
class and type of fitting which will be left open. (I.e.
The following fittings will be closed: WTH 2-110-2 Z, the
following fittings will be open QAES 2-110-2 CX).

2-15

SECTION THREE
DCTT BRIEF PREPARATION
It is recommended that every DCTT member participate in
writing the Battle Problem scenarios, Multi hit integrated
scenarios, CBR-D drills, and At-Sea Fire Party scenarios. Do
not let the same member write all the drills.
Battle Problem Development Sheets are a recommend and
useful tool. Used in conjunction with and overview sheet,
which includes the geopolitical situation, training objective,
safetys, simulations, ORM, degraded equipment, time-line, and
COs signature. This will make writing a multi-hit scenario
simple.
The following page is an example of a Battle Problem
Development Sheet, which can be tailored to your ship.

3-1

BATTLE PROBLEM OUTLINE

USCGC/USS:
DATE:
REPAIR:
DAMAGE: MISSILE / NEAR MISS / TORPEDO / MINE / FAS / OTHER:
CLASS

FIRE

COMPT(S):

/ DUTY SEC:

FLOODING/PROGRESSIVE FLOODING

COMPT:

/
SOURCE:

DEPTH:
/HOLDING

INSTALLED SYS:
EFFECTIVE/INEFFECTIVE

CLEAN / CONTAMINATED:
FLOODED SOLID:
/
/

FIRE BOUNDARIES

PA

PF

IN RISING

FLOODING BOUNDARIES
SA

SA

FT

PA

PF

SF

SF
DECK & BELOW
DECK & ABOVE
SOURCE OF FLOODING:

SMOKE BOUNDARIES
STRUCTURAL DAMAGE

FT
COMPT

IN

HOLE

DEPTH OF FFW
FRAME:

PORT/STBD/OVHD/DECK

ATMOSPHERIC TEST
02

COMB

TOXIC
COMPT

FT
SPLIT SM

IN X
CRACK

IN

ELECTRICAL DAMAGE: ETR

VITAL

/ NON-VITAL

FRAME:

PORT/STBD/OVHD/DECK

EQUIPMENT:
RUPTURED

PIPING
COMPT

FITTING TYPE/#

COMPT:
FRAME:
X

PORT/STBD/OVHD/DECK

CRACK

SAG / BUCKLE
COMPT

FRAME:

PORT/STBD/C/L
FRAME:
FT

PORT/STBD/OVHD/DECK

IN FROM THE DECK/OVHD

VITAL SYS EFFECTED:

PANTING BULKHEAD
COMPT

JUMPER

TO

FRAME:

COMPT:

3-2

PORT/STBD/OVHD/DECK
COMPARTMENT DEMOLISHED
/

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES:

DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING AIDS STANDARD SIMULATIONS AND PROPS
TABLE 079-B-1. DAMAGE CONTROL SIMULATIONS AND PROPS
SIMULATION
Fire A, B, D

Fire C

PROPS

NSN (if applicable)

Red streamers

9905-00-194-9698

Red rags

7290-00-044-9281

Red lens battle lantern

6230-00-729-8881

Flashlight

6230-00-926-4331

Chemlights

6260-01-178-5559

Strobe light

6230-00-067-5209

Crush bubble wrap to

make popping noise
Presence of Fire

Activate High Temp Alarm

Heat Source for

NFTI/Fire Finder (Note:
Fire Finder can be
activated by shining a
flashlight into the
lens)

Hot potato

Heat Gun

4940-01-286-7079

Drop light (can be

wrapped in foil)

6230-00-010-4506

Box of welding rods from

the rod oven
Microwaved bag of rice
Fire Contained

Props at waist level

Fire Out

Props out of sight, on

the Deck, or turned off

Smoke

Smoke Machine

1040-01-302-0470

White rags

7290-00-044-9281

White streamers

9905-00-684-4645

Black rags

7290-00-044-9281

Blue rags

7290-00-044-9281

Fire Rollover (Used to

drive fire team to use
fog attack)

Red streamers hung from

the overhead

3-3

SIMULATION

PROPS

NSN (if applicable)

Burning gases in the

overhead

Sheet or plastic bag

hung across the overhead
or near the space
entrance

Hang Fire

Place heat source

simulation in space

Activation of Plug

Allow Plugman to open

valve, then DCTT secure
it

Testing of Firefighting
Agent

Blue streamer

9905-01-056-5319

Blue rag (on deck or

wrapped around the
nozzle)

7920-00-044-9281

CO2

White rag or Talcum

Powder

7290-00-044-9281

AFFF

White rag or Plastic bag

full of packing
materials (white
styrofoam popcorn)

PKP

Purple rag

Desmoking

Remove props Actual

removal of smoke

Firefighting Water on
Deck

Blue streamer / rag/

chemlight at the
specified level

AFFF/FFW in Bilge

4 by 4 blocks painted
blue for FFW and topped
by white to the depth of
AFFF (can be various
size blocks) Grease
pencil markings on handheld bilge level
indicator

Jammed WTD/WTH

Large masking tape X on

the fitting DCTT member
hold fitting handle to
prevent opening

Hot Surface

Bubble wrap on fitting,

deck or bulkhead

Bulkhead/Deck

Size of hole cut from

black sheet rubber and
placed in position

7290-00-044-9281

3-4

SIMULATION

PROPS

Gas Free Test

Grease pencil marks on

4- Gas Analyzer,
Explosive Meter or O2
Indicator and Drager
Tubes

Electrical Isolation

actual isolation and

Hang a SECURED signs
after Watchstander
places hands on correct
component

OBA Activation

Member take actual

canister. DCTT member
replace canister with
sticker or masking tape
with date written on it

AFFF Activation

Post ACTIVATED sign on

control switch after
Watchstander attempts to
push it. (Ensure station
is in RECIRC)

Panting Bulkhead/Sagging
Overhead

DC Plate/cardboard/thin
sheet metal inserted
between frames

Empty CO2 Extinguisher

Tap on extinguisher

NSN (if applicable)

Remove white rag or

talcum powder
Flooding

Blue streamers
Blue rags

7920-00-044-9281

Blue chemlight

6260-01-178-5559

Spray bottle with H2O

Activate flooding alarm
Blue chemlight or rag
attached to a ruler and
slide up or down to
indicate flooding level
Ruptured Piping

Masking tape with crack

drawn on it and rags
indicating proper hazard
color

Dewatering

Set up equipment, lower

props to indicate
flooding level

3-5

SIMULATION

PROPS

Piping System Isolation

Allow member to close

valve(s), DCTT open
valve(s) and hang CLOSED
sign

Toxic Gas

Toxic gas simulator

Man Down

OSCAR or actual
personnel

Injuries

Moulage set Simulation

cards

Use of AFFF (Installed

Systems)

Grease pencil marks on

sight glass
Run magnet down sight
glass

AFFF Cutout to Main

Space

Allow member to close

valve, DCTT open valve
and hang CLOSED sign

Use of Sub Pumps

Allow member to rig pump

but do not allow it to
be energized. Place pump
in drum or container
filled with water, then
energize. Secure when
container is empty.

Halon Effective

Hang gray streamers from

overhead near view
ports. Cool boundaries
in surrounding spaces.
Gray streamers near main
space ventilation
outlets and stack

Halon Ineffective

Hang black streamers

from overhead near view
ports Hot boundaries
(bubble wrap) Black
streamers near main
space ventilation
outlets and stack

Heavy Smoke (to prompt

active desmoking)

White or black rag over

Scene Leader's OBA
facepiece

Bilge Vapor Seal

Bucket of soapy water

3-6

NSN (if applicable)

1H 1365-01-367-5695

6910-00-540-6378

SIMULATION

PROPS

AFFF usage

Lower blue chemlight or

rag on side of empty
AFFF container as AFFF
is consumed

Halon/CO2 Activation/
Release

Operate pressure
switches for vent
shutdowns and alarms

Halon Soak Time

IAW MSFD

Loss of Firemain

Grease pencil mark on

firemain gauge False
gauge face

Use of Installed Eductor

Post OPEN signs on

valves after
Watchstander explains
system line-up Activate
discharge and firemain
valves and hang OPEN
sign on suction valve

PKP Empty

Tap on PKP extinguisher

Remove purple rag

Hazard

Type of spill on deck or

from piping:
Water: Blue rags
F/O, L/O: Yellow rags
Hydraulic Fluid: Orange
rags

3-7

NSN (if applicable)

DAMAGE CONTROL TRAINING TEAM EVALUATION EFFECTIVENESS

USS:

DATE: ____________________

Drill/Exercise conducted:
Evaluator:
Ref: (a) COMNAVSURFLANTINST 3502.2 Series
(b) COMNAVAIRLANTINST 3500.20 Series
A. PRE-EXERCISE BRIEF
EFFECTIVE o

INEFFECTIVE o

YES / NO

1.

Was the drill scenario/drill card approved by

the Commanding Officer?

2.

Were sufficient members present to represent

each station to be monitored?

3.

Were assignment of duties for each member

identified?

4.

Were training objectives identified?

5.

Was exercise MODE specified?

(walk-through, training, evaluation)

6.

Was degraded equipment reported at the brief?

7.

Were safety precautions identified and

reviewed? (Including procedures for actual
casualties)

8.

Did training plan address Operational Risk

Management (ORM)?

9.

Were constraints and simulations identified?

(Keep to a minimum/consistent with safety)

10.

Were time lines/Sequence of events identified

11.

Was communications method to be used between

training teams identified?

12.

Was the initiator and method of imposing

exercise identified?

13.

Was Grade/Critique sheets distributed?

3-8

B. IMPOSITION OF EXERCISE
EFFECTIVE o

INEFFECTIVE o

YES / NO

1.

Were team members on station prior to

commencement?

2.

Was a safety brief and/or walk-through

conducted on station prior to the exercise?
(If applicable)

3.

Did team members provide minimum prompting?

(Depending on exercise mode)

4.

Does the training team train the crew during

the drill?(Depending on MODE of training)

5.

Does the training team use an effective means

of testing the crews knowledge? (Q&A, explain
actions, etc)

6.

Were unsafe conditions (If any) recognized,

and
corrective actions taken?

7.

Was the exercise conducted as briefed?

8.

Were communications/coordination between team

members adequate?

C. POST EXERCISE EVALUATION AND DEBRIEF

EFFECTIVE o

INEFFECTIVE o

YES / NO

1.

Were all aspects of the exercise evaluated?

2.

Were Grade sheets used effectively?

3.

Were major deficiencies (If any) observed and

recorded?

4.

Was a debrief conducted on station?

5.

Was a Training Team debriefing conducted?

6.

Were all team members present?

7.

Was there an assigned recorder?

3-9

C. POST EXERCISE EVALUATION AND DEBRIEF (CONTINUED)

EFFECTIVE o

INEFFECTIVE o

YES / NO

8.

Were all (If any) Safety Violations

identified?

9.

Was actual team coordination and risk

management discussed?

10.

Were lessons learned identified?

11.

Were problem areas identified?

12.

Was the evaluation of the watch teams

performance adequate?

13.

Were critique sheets used effectively?

14.

Did the training team critique themselves?

D. The Training Team was evaluated as effective/ineffective.

Comments: ____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3-10

INSTRUCTOR SIGNATURE:
TLO SIGNATURE:
COMMANDER ATLANTIC AREA
ASSESSMENT/TRAINING/CERTIFICATION CRITERIA
FOR
ONBOARD TRAINING TEAM END OF TSTA ASSESSMENT
Ref: Cutter Training and Qualification Manual (m3502.4E).
USCGC:
OBTTs INVOLVED:
(circle)

DATE:
DCTT

ETT

NSTT

CSTT

CTT

ATT

YES NO
TRAINING TEAM PLANNING.
( ) ( ) 1. Was there a written drill plan?
( ) ( ) 2. Was the drill plan complete (i.e. training
objectives, training team assignments, etc.)?
( ) ( ) 3. Was a pre-brief/walk-through conducted as
appropriate?
( ) ( ) 4. Are the drills realistic, as it relates to normal
operations?
( ) ( ) 5. Do drills use realistic simulations?
( ) ( ) 6. Did training team minimize simulations?
( ) ( ) 7. Was operational risk management addressed as
appropriate?
( ) ( ) 8. Was the drill plan approved and signed by the CO
prior to the brief?
( ) ( ) 9. Are all props standardized throughout all training
teams?
Comments (required for no checks)

3-11

YES NO
BRIEFING
( ) ( ) 10. Did training team muster with sufficient lead time
and representation to cover all areas?
( ) ( ) 11. Were areas of responsibility assigned and
understood?
( ) ( ) 12. Did the training team conduct a safety walk through
of equipment and areas before the drill/instruction
and discuss corrections?
( ) ( ) 13. Are all training team members proficient in
evaluating areas they are training?
( ) ( ) 14. Did the training teams discuss equipment, and
changes to equipment status, and OCC equipment?
( ) ( ) 15. Were training time out procedures discussed?
( ) ( ) 16. Was the brief held in a quiet area of the cutter
and away from the rest of the crew?
( ) ( ) 17. Was Operational Risk Management discussed as
appropriate?
( ) ( ) 18. Were safety precautions and unusual situations
discussed (i.e. heat stress, hearing conservation,
etc.)?
( ) ( ) 19. Were the methods of disclosure, simulations and
props discussed?
( ) ( ) 20. Was the time line discussed (i.e. start, stop time,
schedule of events, imposition methods)?
( ) ( ) 21. Was the training level briefed (i.e. walk through,
training, evaluation)?
( ) ( ) 22. Did the brief discuss specific training objective?
Comments (required for no checks):

3-12

YES NO
CONDUCT OF DRILL
( ) ( ) 23. Were all safety walk through discrepancies
corrected prior to drill?
( ) ( ) 24. Was time line executed as briefed?
( ) ( ) 25. Were realistic casualties/situations imposed?
( ) ( ) 26. Were imposed casualties in accordance with the
brief?
( ) ( ) 27. Did the training team recognize and prevent/correct
unsafe conditions of personnel and equipment?
( ) ( ) 28. Did the training team maintain control and conduct
the drill as briefed?
( ) ( ) 29. Did the training team conduct watchstander training
as required?
( ) ( ) 31. Was prompting appropriate/adequate for the
watchstander's knowledge level?
( ) ( ) 32. Did the training team use effective means to check
the watchstander's knowledge (i.e. CCM, MSFD,
tasking sheets, etc.)?
( ) ( ) 33. Did the training team members have effective comms
with each other?
( ) ( ) 34. Were props delivered realistically (no pre-stage or
pre-disclosure)?
( ) ( ) 35. Did watchstanders recognize all props used by
training teams?
Comments (required for no checks):

3-13

YES NO
DEBRIEF/EVALUATION
( ) ( ) 36. Were timely debriefs conducted with training team
members?
( ) ( ) 37. Did the training team have proper representation to
cover all areas at debrief?
( ) ( ) 38. Did the training team monitor all areas of the
drill?
( ) ( ) 39. Did the training team accurately assess/grade the
drill?
( ) ( ) 40. Did the training team work to identify
watchstanders weaknesses during the drill?
( ) ( ) 41. Did the training team plan or take action to
correct watchstanders weaknesses?
( ) ( ) 42. Did the training team identify its own weaknesses?
( ) ( ) 43. Did the training team plan or take action to
correct their own weaknesses?
( ) ( ) 44. Did the training team identify
material/documentation discrepancies during the
drill (i.e. CCOLs, manuals, bills)?
( ) ( ) 45. Did the training team work to correct recurring
material discrepancies?
( ) ( ) 46. Were training objectives met?
( ) ( ) 47. Did the training team have sufficient props to
support the drill?
( ) ( ) 48. Did the training team provide a timely debrief with
the watchstanders?
( ) ( ) 49. Was ORM assessed/disclosed (accurate/not accurate)?
Comments (required for no checks):

INSTRUCTOR SIGNATURE:

TLO SIGNATURE:

3-14

SECTION FOUR
DAMAGE CONTROL FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
* INVESTIGATORS
1. WHAT METHOD OF INVESTIGATION IS USED TO LOCATE DAMAGE IN
TANKS AND VOIDS?
ANS: SOUNDING AND USING THE LIQUID LOAD LIST.
2. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE AN UP TO DATE LIQUID LOAD LIST?
ANS: TO KNOW THE LEVEL OF TANKS AND VOIDS PRIOR TO DAMAGE.
3. HOW ARE AIR TEST FITTINGS USED TO INVESTIGATE FOR DAMAGE?
ANS: LOOSEN AND LISTEN FOR AIR ESCAPING OR WATER AROUND
PIPE.
4. AIR ESCAPING FROM AN AIR TEST FITTING INDICATES WHAT KIND
OF DAMAGE?
ANS: POSSIBLE FLOODING.
5. WHAT METHOD IS USED TO CHECK FOR HOT DOORS AND HATCHES?
ANS: REMOVE GLOVE AND CHECK WITH BACK OF HAND IN FROM
DOOR.
6. WHAT SHOULD BE USED ON A SOUNDING TAPE WHEN SOUNDING A FUEL
TANK?
ANS: WATER INDICATING PASTE.
7. WHAT ARE THE FOUR PRINCIPLES OF INVESTIGATION?
ANS: INVESTIGATE THOROUGHLY, CAUTIOUSLY, REPORT QUICKLY AND
CLEARLY. REPEAT YOUR INVESTIGATION.
8. WHAT SHOULD BE USED ON A SOUNDING TAPE WHEN SOUNDING A
WATER TANK?
ANS: CHALK.
9. SHOULD YOU SOUND A FUEL TANK AND A WATER TANK WITH THE SAME
SOUNDING TAPE?
ANS: NO. THE FUEL RESIDUE ON THE TAPE WOULD CONTAMINATE THE
FRESH WATER.
10. HOW WOULD YOU CHECK A BULKHEAD FOR FLOODING ON THE OTHER
SIDE?
ANS: TAP UP THE BULKHEAD LISTENING FOR A CHANGE IN SOUND.
LOOK FOR SWEATING ON THE BULKHEAD.

4-1

* ACCESS AND OVERHAUL MAN

11. WHAT IS THE ACCESS MAN'S JOB?
ANS: TO OPEN DOORS, HATCHES AND SCUTTLES AND TO CLEAR
ROUTES AS NECESSARY TO GAIN ACCESS TO THE AFFECTED
SPACE.
2. WHAT EQUIPMENT DOES THE ACCESS MAN CARRY, AS NECESSARY?
ANS: A CROWBAR OR PRYBAR, AND A 10LB SLEDGEHAMMER, BOLT
CUTTERS, AND PECU.
3. WHEN OPENING AN INDIVIDUAL-DOG WATERTIGHT DOOR OR HATCH,
WHICH
SIDE IS UNDOGGED FIRST?
ANS: THE HINGE SIDE FIRST.
4. WHAT TOOLS ARE USED IN OVERHAULING A FIRE?
ANS: A FIRE AXE AND RAKE.
5. HOW DO YOU OVERHAUL A CLASS ALPHA FIRE?
ANS: BREAK APART ANY SMOLDERING AND UNBURNED MATERIALS.
USE A FIRE HOSE WITH SOLID STREAM AND FOG.
6. HOW DO YOU OVERHAUL A CLASS BRAVO FIRE?
ANS: SECURE THE SOURCE, COVER THE FUEL WITH A BLANKET OF
AFFF,REMOVE FUEL (IF POSSIBLE), AND COOL SURROUNDING
AREA.
7. HOW DO YOU OVERHAUL A CLASS CHARLIE FIRE?
ANS: ASSIST THE ELECTRICIAN.
* ELECTRICIAN
1. WHEN DOES THE ELECTRICIAN SECURE POWER AND LIGHTING?
ANS: WHEN DIRECTED BY THE ON-SCENE-LEADER PRIOR TO
ENTERING THE AFFECTED SPACE.
2. WHY DOES THE ELECTRICIAN DE-ENERGIZE ALL ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT IN A FIRE AFFECTED AREA?
ANS: TO PROTECT PERSONNEL, AND PREVENT POSSIBLE EXPLOSIONS
OR FLASHBACKS.
3. WHY DOES THE ELECTRICIAN BRING A VOLTAGE TESTER TO THE
SCENE?
ANS: TO ENSURE THAT CIRCUITS ARE DE-ENERGIZED BEFORE
ATTEMPTING REPAIRS.

4-2

4. WHAT DO YOU LOOK FOR WHEN CHECKING FOR ELECTRICAL DAMAGE?

ANS: WIRES THAT MAY BE CUT, GROUNDED, SHORTED OR
DESTROYED.
5. WHY MUST AN ELECTRICIAN'S RUBBER GLOVES BE INSPECTED FOR
CRACKS OR HOLES?
ANS: TO PREVENT ELECTRICAL SHOCK.
6. HOW DO YOU REPAIR DAMAGED WIRING IN A VITAL CIRCUIT?
ANS: SPLICE NON-VITAL WIRE OF THE SAME GAUGE OR LARGER
INTO VITAL CIRCUIT AFTER ENSURING THAT BOTH CIRCUITS
ARE DE-ENERGIZED. ALWAYS WORKING FROM THE LOAD TO THE
SOURCE.
7. WHEN DOES THE ELECTRICIAN SECURE LIGHTING?
ANS: WHEN DIRECTED TO BY THE ON SCENE LEADER.
8. HOW IS THE VOLTAGE TESTER, (WIGGINS) TESTED?
ANS: FROM A KNOWN SOURCE.
* OBA
1. EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF THE OBA?
ANS: TO MAKE THE WEARER INDEPENDENT OF THE SURROUNDING
ATMOSPHERE.
2. CAN THE OBA BE WORN IN A PARTIALLY-FLOODED COMPARTMENT?
ANS: IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ONLY.
3. WHAT IS THE PROPER PROCEDURE FOR SETTING THE TIMER ON THE
OBA?
ANS: TURN THE TIMER KNOB TO 60 AND BACK TO 30 MINUTES.
4. WHEN MUST THE OBA WEARER RETURN TO FRESH AIR?
ANS: WHEN THE WARNING BELL SOUNDS, IF BREATHING BECOMES
DIFFICULT AND DOES NOT BECOME NORMAL AFTER EXCESS
PRESSURE IS RELIEVED, AND IF FACE PIECE LENS FOGS
DURING INHALATION.
5. WHAT DETERMINES HOW LONG A CANISTER WILL LAST?
ANS: PHYSICAL CONDITION AND AMOUNT OF WORK DONE BY
PERSON.
6. HOW OFTEN SHOULD THE OBA BE INSPECTED?
ANS: QUARTERLY, BEFORE EACH USE IF TIME PERMITS AND
BEFORE STOWAGE.

4-3

7. WHEN SHOULD YOU SET THE TIMER ON THE OBA?

ANS: IMMEDIATELY UPON INFLATING THE BAG, (AND FOR EACH
DRILL)
8. WHAT MUST BE AVOIDED WHEN USING OR DISPOSING OF A QUICK
ACTIVATING CANISTER?
ANS: CONTACT WITH OIL, GREASE, OR GASOLINE.
9. WHERE IS THE FACE PIECE PLACED WHEN OBA IS WORN IN THE
STANDBY POSITION?
ANS: OVER THE HEAD.
10. WHAT IS THE STANDBY POSITION OF THE BAIL ASSEMBLY HANDLE?
ANS: DOWN AND LOCKED.
11. HOW IS EXCESS OXYGEN RELEASED FROM THE OBA?
ANS: BY AN AUTOMATIC RELIEF VALVE.
12. WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF OBA INEFFECTIVENESS?
ANS: FACIAL HAIR AND HAIRSTYLES CAUSING LEAKAGE.
*SCBA
1. WHAT IS THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE, IN POUNDS, ALLOWED BETWEEN
THE BOTTLE PRESSURE GAGE AND THE REMOTE PRESSURE GAGE?
ANS: NO MORE THAN 500 LBS.
2. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE SCBA?
ANS: TO SUPPLY OXYGEN INDEPENDENT OF THE SURROUNDING
ATMOSPERE.
3. HOW ARE SIZES RECOGNIZED FOR THE FACE PIECES?
ANS: SCOTT USES COLORED DOTS AND MSA USES COLORED LENS
OUTLINES.
4. WHAT ALERTS YOU TO LOW PRESSURE IN YOUR BOTTLE?
ANS: SCOTT HAS A VIBRAL ALARM THAT SOUNDS UPON BREATH
INTAKE AND MSA HAS A BELL LOCATED ON THE BOTTLE.
5. WHY SHOULD YOU CHECK YOUR REMOTE PRESSURE GAGE OFTEN?
ANS: A DRASTIC PRESSURE DROP COULD BE A LEAK WITH THE
BOTTLE OR AIRPACK.
* PKP
1. HOW IS PKP USED TO EXTINGUISH FIRES IN CONFINED SPACES?
ANS: SHORT BURSTS AS NECESSARY.

4-4

2. WHERE SHOULD PKP BE DIRECTED?

ANS: AT THE BASE OF THE FLAMES IN A RAPID SWEEPING
MOTION.
3. WHAT IS THE EFFECTIVE RANGE OF AN 18-POUND PKP
EXTINGUISHER?
ANS: APPROXIMATELY 18 TO 20 FEET.
4. FOR WHAT CLASS OF FIRES IS PKP MOST EFFECTIVE?
ANS: CLASS BRAVO.
5. HOW WOULD YOU PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE INTENSE HEAT OF
FIRE WITH PKP?
ANS: SHORT BURSTS OF PKP IN THE AIR WILL SERVE AS A HEAT
SHIELD.
* 15LB CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
1. WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM EFFECTIVE RANGE OF A 15 LB CO2
EXTINGUISHER?
ANS: 4 TO 6 FT FROM THE TIP OF THE HORN.
2. WHY IS CO2 RECOMMENDED FOR CLASS CHARLIE FIRES?
ANS: IT'S NON-CONDUCTIVE, NON-CORROSIVE, LEAVES NO
RESIDUE, AND DOES NOT DAMAGE EQUIPMENT.
3. HOW DO YOU DIRECT THE CO2 WHEN FIGHTING A CLASS CHARLIE
FIRE?
ANS: AT THE BASE OF THE FLAME WITH A SWEEPING MOTION.
4. HOW DOES CO2 EXTINGUISH A FIRE?
ANS: REMOVES THE OXYGEN TO THE EXTENT THAT COMBUSTION CAN
NOT BE SUSTAINED.
5. HOW CAN YOU TELL WHEN A CO2 BOTTLE IS EMPTY?
ANS: WHEN THE EXTINGUISHER MAKES A HOLLOW SOUND.
6. HOW LONG WILL A 15 LB CO2 EXTINGUISHER LAST UNDER
CONTINUOUS OPERATION?
ANS: APPROXIMATELY 40 TO 45 SECONDS.
* AFFF
1. WHAT IS THE MIXING RATIO FOR AFFF AND WATER?
ANS: 94% WATER, 6% AFFF CONCENTRATE.
2. CAN AFFF BE USED ON CLASS ALPHA FIRES?
ANS: YES, BECAUSE OF THE COOLING EFFECT OF THE WATER.

4-5

3. WHAT IS THE SHELF LIFE OF AFFF?

ANS: INDEFINITE.
4. WHAT CLASS OF FIRE IS AFFF NORMALLY USED FOR?
ANS: CLASS BRAVO.
5. CAN YOU USE AFFF IN CONJUNCTION WITH PKP?
ANS: YES.
6. WILL AFFF FLOAT ON TOP OF FUEL?
ANS: YES.
7. AFFF NOZZLES (BELOW DECKS) SHOULD BE PRESET AT HOW MANY
GALLONS PER MINUTE?
ANS: 95 GPM.
* INLINE EDUCTOR
1. WHICH TYPE OF NOZZLE SHOULD BE USED WITH THE INLINE
EDUCTOR?
ANS: A 95 GPM VARI-NOZZLE.
2. WHAT SHOULD THE FIREMAIN PRESSURE BE AT THE INLET SIDE OF
THE INLINE EDUCTOR?
ANS: 100 PSI.
3. HOW MANY LENGTHS OF HOSE MAY BE ADDED TO THE DISCHARGE SIDE
OF THE INLINE EDUCTOR AND STILL MAINTAIN AN EFFECTIVE
AFFF\WATER MIXTURE?
ANS: 3 LENGTHS OF 50 FT HOSE FOR SAME DECK OR UP ONE
DECK, 6 LENGTHS TO GO DOWN ONE DECK.
4. HOW LONG WILL A 5 GALLON CAN OF AFFF LAST UNDER CONTINUOUS
USE
WITH THE INLINE EDUCTOR?
ANS: APPROXIMATELY ONE MINUTE.
* HALON 1301
1. WHAT ACTIVATES HALON RELEASE?
ANS: CO2.
2. HALON CYLINDERS ARE PRESSURIZED WITH WHAT COMPRESSED GAS?
ANS: NITROGEN.
3. ONCE THE HALON SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED, HOW IS THE VENTILATION
SECURED?
ANS: AUTOMATICALLY THROUGH INSTALLED PRESSURE SWITCH.

4-6

4. THE HALON SYSTEM TAKES APPROXIMATELY HOW LONG TO COMPLETELY

DISCHARGE?
ANS: 10 SECONDS.
5. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE HALON SYSTEM?
ANS: TO EXTINGUISH MAIN SPACE FIRES WHICH ARE BEYOND THE
CAPABILITIES OF OTHER EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS.
6. WHAT WARNINGS ARE GIVEN WHEN THE HALON SYSTEM HAS BEEN
ACTIVATED?
ANS: VISUAL AND AUDIBLE ALARMS.
7. WHAT IS THE REQUIRED "SOAK" TIME BEFORE ENTERING A SPACE
AFTER HALON DISCHARGE?
ANS: MINIMUM 15 MINUTES.
8. HOW LONG IS THE TIME DELAY FOR THE HALON 1301 FLOODING
SYSTEM?
ANS: 60 SEC FOR A MECHINERY SPACE, 30 SECONDS FOR A NON
MECHINERY SPACE
* NFTI
1. WHICH MODE SHOULD THE NFTI BE USED IN?
ANS: CHOP.
2. A BATTERY PACK WITH FRESH BATTERIES HAS A LIFE OF
APPROXIMATELY HOW LONG?
ANS: 60 TO 90 MINUTES.
3. HOW MANY L.E.D. LIGHTS WILL BE ILLUMINATED IN THE LOWER
LEFT HAND CORNER OF THE VIEWING SCREEN WITH FRESH
BATTERIES?
ANS: 5 L.E.D. LIGHTS.
4. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR THE NFTI OPERATOR TO STAY LOW?
ANS: TO AVOID HOT GASES HIGH IN THE SPACE AND TO MAINTAIN
A CLEAR IMAGE WITH THE NFTI.
5. CAN THE NFTI BE USED TO LOCATE FIRES BY VIEWING THROUGH
GLASS WINDOWS?
ANS: NO, GLASS IS OPAQUE TO INFRARED RADIATION.
* PORTABLE EMERGENCY CUTTING UNIT

(PECU)

1. WHAT IS THE BURN RATE OF THE FUEL RODS USED WITH THE PECU?
ANS: APPROXIMATELY 3O INCHES PER MINUTE.

4-7

2. WHAT SHOULD NOT BE CUT WITH THE PECU?

ANS: PRESSURIZED PIPING THAT CONTAINS FLAMMABLE FLUIDS OR
ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL CABLES.
3. THE PECU IS USED TO CUT THROUGH WHAT TYPES OF MATERIAL?
ANS: STEEL, ALUMINUM, LAMINATES, PIPING AND CABLES.
4. WHAT PROVIDES THE POWER TO INITIALLY IGNITE THE FUEL ROD?
ANS: A 12-VOLT BATTERY INTERNAL TO THE PECU.
5. WHOSE PERMISSION IS REQUIRED PRIOR TO CUTTING HOLES IN
WATERTIGHT BULKHEADS OR DECKS, FIRE ZONE BULKHEADS OR
DECKS, STRENGTH DECK, OR HULL PLATING?
ANS: THE COMMANDING OFFICER.
6. HOW IS THE FUEL ROD EXTINGUISHED?
ANS: RELEASE THE OXYGEN LEVER AND TURN OFF OXYGEN BOTTLE.
7. WHY IS THE PECU USED TO CUT HOLES IN THE BULKHEADS, DECKS,
AND OVERHEAD?
ANS: TO FIGHT FIRES, VENT SMOKE AND HEAT, AND DRAIN FIRE
FIGHTING WATER.
* DEWATERING EQUIPMENT
EDUCTORS:
1. WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF PORTABLE EDUCTORS?
ANS: S-TYPE AND PERI-JET.
2. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF EDUCTORS?
ANS: TO REMOVE WATER.
3. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PERI-JET EDUCTOR?
ANS: 1) IT WILL PASS SMALL OBJECTS.
2) WILL REMOVE CONTAMINATED WATER.
3) SAFE BECAUSE OVERHEATING AND SPARKS ARE
ELIMINATED.
P-250:
4. HOW IS THE P-250 MOD 1 OR 2 COOLED?
ANS: IT IS WATER-COOLED.
5. WHAT ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN IF THE P-250 MOD 1 OR 2 PUMP
FAILS TO CREATE WATER PRESSURE AFTER 45 SECONDS?
ANS: STOP PUMP, TIGHTEN ALL HOSE CONNECTIONS AND PRIME
AGAIN.

4-8

6. WHAT SIZE REDUCER IS USED IF AN EDUCTOR IS USED ON THE

SUCTION SIDE OF A P-250 MOD 1 OR 2 PUMP?
ANS: 4 INCH TO 3 INCH.
7. WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY PURPOSES OF THE P-250 MOD 1 OR 2 PUMP?
ANS: FIREFIGHTING AND DEWATERING.
8. WHAT IS THE SUCTION LIFT OF THE P-250 MOD 1 OR 2 WITHOUT
UTILIZING AN EDUCTOR?
ANS: 20 FT.
9. HOW IS THE P-250 MOD 1 OR 2 PRIMED?
ANS: BY THE MANUAL PRIMING PUMP OR BY POURING WATER INTO
THE RAPID PRIMING PORT.
10. HOW IS THE P-250 MOD 1 OR 2 LUBRICATED?
ANS: FROM A SEPARATE OIL RESERVOIR.
11. FAILURE TO OPEN FUEL TANK VENT VALVE ON THE P-250 MOD 1 OR
2 DURING OPERATION WILL CAUSE WHAT TO HAPPEN?
ANS: FUEL TANK TO COLLAPSE AND POSSIBLE ENGINE DAMAGE.
P-100:
12. WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM LIFT THAT A P-100 PUMPS CAN TAKE A
SUCTION FROM?
ANS: 20 FT.
13. HOW IS THE P-100 COOLED WHILE IN USE?
ANS: AIR.
14. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY USE OF THE P-100?
ANS: FIRE FIGHTING, SECONDARY DEWATERING.
15. WHAT TYPE OF FUEL DOES THE P-100 UTILIZE?
ANS: JP-5 OR DFM.
16. DOES THE P-100 REQUIRE THE USE OF A FOOT VALVE?
ANS: YES.
ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP:
17. SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS ARE NOT DESIGNED FOR PUMPING WHAT TYPES
OF LIQUID?
ANS: GASOLINE, HEAVY OILS, OR HOT WATER.
18. WHY IS A STRAINER USED WITH A SUBMERSIBLE PUMP?
ANS: TO PREVENT DEBRIS FROM ENTERING THE PUMP.

4-9

19. HOW MANY GALLONS OF LIQUID WILL THE SUBMERSIBLE PUMP

DELIVER?
ANS: 200 GPM AT A 50 FT DISCHARGE HEAD; 140 GPM AT A 70
FT DISCHARGE HEAD.
20. WHAT SIZE DISCHARGE HOSE IS USED WITH THE SUBMERSIBLE
PUMP?
ANS: A TWO AND ONE HALF INCH.
21. WHEN MUST THE SUBMERSIBLE PUMP BE PRIMED?
ANS: WHEN A SUCTION HOSE WITH A FOOT VALVE IS ATTACHED TO
THE PUMP.
22. CAN THE S-TYPE EDUCTOR BE USED WITH THE P-250 MOD 1OR 2?
ANS: YES.
* DESMOKING COMPARTMENTS
1. WHAT TYPE OF BLOWERS ARE USED TO DESMOKE A COMPARTMENT
CONTAINING EXPLOSIVE GASES?
ANS: 1) PNEUMATIC OR AIR DRIVEN.
2) RAMFAN.
2. HOW MANY CUBIC FEET OF AIR CAN BE REMOVED (PER MINUTE) BY A
PNEUMATIC BLOWER?
ANS: 750 CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE WITH 45 FT OF 8-INCH HOSE
ATTACHED.
3. HOW ARE BLOWERS USED TO AID THE ATTACK TEAM IN FIRE
FIGHTING?
ANS: THEY MAY BE USED TO VENTILATE SMOKE, TOXIC GASES,
STEAM, AND HEAT AWAY FROM THE ATTACK TEAMS OUTSIDE
OF THE FIRE SPACE.
4. HOW ARE PORTABLE BLOWERS RIGGED WHEN DESMOKING A SPACE?
ANS: THEY ARE SET ON A WEATHER DECK RIGGED TO TAKE AIR
OUT OF THE AFFECTED SPACE.
5. WHAT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED PRIOR TO
ENERGIZING THE RAM FAN?
ANS: GROUND CLAMP MUST BE ATTACHED TO HULL STRUCTURE TO
PREVENT THE BUILD-UP OF STATIC ELECTRICITY.
6. WHOSE PERMISSION MUST BE OBTAINED PRIOR TO DESMOKING USING
THE INSTALLED VENTILATION SYSTEM?
ANS: CHIEF ENGINEERING OFFICER.

4-10

7. WHICH SYSTEM CAN BE CONVENIENTLY USED TO CLEAR A SPACE

DIRECTLY OPEN TO THE WEATHER?
ANS: EXHAUST SYSTEM.
8. HOW MANY CUBIC FEET OF AIR PER MINUTE WILL THE RAMFAN
PRODUCE AT 125 PSI?
ANS: 1750 CFM.
9. WHAT SIZE HOSE IS USED WITH THE RAMFAN?
ANS: 8 INCH.
10. WHAT IS THE ACTUATING SOURCE OF THE RAMFAN?
ANS: A 1-INCH FIREHOSE AT 50 TO 200 PSI.
11. HOW MANY COMPLETE SPACE VOLUME OF AIR CHANGES ARE REQUIRED
IN A COMPARTMENT?
ANS: 4 (95% OF THE SMOKE LADEN AIR REMOVED).
12. HOW MANY CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE OF AIR WILL THE SUPER VAC
REMOVE?
ANS: 3200 CFM.
* ATMOSPHERIC TESTS
1. WHAT IS THE ORDER OF ATMOSPHERIC TESTS TO BE CONDUCTED
AFTER A FIRE?
ANS: 1) OXYGEN
2) EXPLOSIVE
3) TOXIC GASES
2. WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF OXYGEN REQUIRED TO CONSIDER A
SPACE SAFE?
ANS: 19.5 TO 22%
3. EXPLOSIVE GAS TESTS SHOULD BE BELOW WHAT PERCENTAGE OF
L.E.L. TO BE CONSIDERED SAFE?
ANS: BELOW 10% L.E.L.
4. WHAT IS DONE IF A SPACE TESTS ABOVE 10% OF THE L.E.L. FOR
EXPLOSIVE GASES?
ANS: CONTINUE TO DESMOKE AND RETEST.
5. WHO MAY CONDUCT POST FIRE ATMOSPHERIC TESTS?
ANS: GAS FREE ENGINEERS, GAS FREE ENGINEERING PETTY
OFFICERS (E-5 OR ABOVE).

4-11

* FIRE AND FLOODING BOUNDARIES

1. WHAT EQUIPMENT IS PRIMARILY USED IN SETTING A FIRE
BOUNDARY?
ANS: 1-IN HOSE AND NOZZLE OR SOME OTHER CONTINUOUS MEANS
OF COOLING, (A GARDEN HOSE).
2. WHAT IS THE MINIMUM DISTANCE THAT COMBUSTIBLES MUST BE
REMOVED FROM A PRIMARY FIRE BOUNDARY?
ANS: 12 INCHES.
3. WHAT IS THE PROPER PROCEDURE FOR COMBATING A CABLEWAY FIRE?
ANS: USE SHORT BURSTS OF HIGH VELOCITY FOG AT A MINIMUM
DISTANCE OF 4 FEET FROM CABLES.
4. WHAT ARE PRIMARY FIRE BOUNDARIES?
ANS: FWD, AFT, PORT, STBD, TOP AND BOTTOM OF THE AFFECTED
SPACE.
5. WHAT IS A PRIMARY FLOODING BOUNDARY?
ANS: FIRST WATERTIGHT DECK, OVERHEAD, FWD AND AFT
BULKHEADS.
* PLUGGING
1. THE RULE OF THUMB FOR PLUGGING IS TO USE A PLUG HOW MANY
INCHES BIGGER THAN THE HOLE?
ANS: TWO INCHES BIGGER THAN THE HOLE, (I.E. A 10-IN PLUG
FOR A 8-IN HOLE).
2. ALL PLUGS 10 IN OR LARGER SHOULD BE?
ANS: SHORED IN OR USE A BOX PATCH.
3. WHAT MUST BE DONE TO PREVENT CRACKS IN BULKHEADS FROM
SPREADING?
ANS: DRILL IN HOLES AT THE END OF THE CRACK AND PLUG
THE HOLE.
* PIPE PATCHING
1. WHAT ARE THE FOUR COMMON PATCHES USED IN THE NAVY?
ANS: 1) SOFT PATCH
2) JUBILEE PATCH
3) BANDING PATCH
4) EWARP.
2. WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE ALLOWABLE ON A SOFT PATCH?
ANS: 150 PSI.
4-12

3. SOFT PATCHES ARE NOT RECOMMENDED FOR WHAT TYPE OF PIPING

SYSTEMS?
ANS: HIGH PRESSURE STEAM AND FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS.
4. WHEN APPLYING A SOFT PATCH, WHY IS THE EXCESS WEDGE LENGTH
THAT WOULD PROTRUDE INTO THE PIPE CUT OFF?
ANS: TO PREVENT RESTRICTING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS.
5. WITH A SOFT PATCH, HOW FAR SHOULD THE RUBBER EXTEND BEYOND
THE SPLIT?
ANS: ABOUT TWO INCHES.
6. HOW MANY LAYERS OF MARLIN ARE APPLIED TO A SOFT PATCH?
ANS: TWO LAYERS.
7. HOW FAR BEYOND THE RUBBER IS THE MARLIN WRAPPED?
ANS: APPROXIMATELY IN.
8. WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE ON A EWARP?
ANS: 150-PSI AT 300-DEGREE F.
* SHORING
1. WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF SHORING?
ANS: THE PROCESS OF PLACING SUPPORTS AGAINST THE SIDE OF,
UNDERNEATH, OR ABOVE A STRUCTURE TO PREVENT METAL
FATIGUE, SAGGING AND BULGING.
2. WHAT ARE THE 4 MAJOR COMPONENTS USED IN DAMAGE CONTROL
SHORING?
ANS: SHORE, WEDGE, SHOLE AND STRONGBACK.
3. WHAT IS A SHOLE?
ANS: A FLAT PLATE PLACED UNDER THE END OF A SHORE TO
DISTRIBUTE WEIGHT OR PRESSURE.
4. WHAT IS A STRONGBACK?
ANS: A BAR OR BEAM OF WOOD OR METAL OFTEN SHORTER THAN A
SHORE USED TO DISTRIBUTE PRESSURE OR TO SERVE AS AN
ANCHOR FOR A PATCH.
5. WHAT ARE THE BEST WOODS TO USE FOR SHORING?
ANS: DOUGLAS FIR AND YELLOW PINE.
6. WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED LENGTH AND WIDTH OF SHORING WEDGES?
ANS: 6 TIMES THE MINIMUM BUTT THICKNESS AND APPROXIMATELY
AS WIDE AS THE SHORING.

4-13

7. WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED SAFE LENGTH OF A WOODEN SHORE?

ANS: 30 TIMES ITS MINIMUM THICKNESS.
8. WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A RUN?
ANS: THE DISTANCE FROM THE BULKHEAD ALONG THE DECK OR
OVERHEAD TO AN ANCHOR POINT, LESS THE THICKNESS OF
THE STONGBACKS AND WEDGES.
9. WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF RISE?
ANS: THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER OF THE BULKHEAD OR DOOR
BEING SHORED TO THE DECK OR OVERHEAD.
10. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE SHORING BATTEN?
ANS: PROVIDES A QUICK AND EASY WAY TO MEASURE LENGTHS AND
ANGLES OF SHORES.
11. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF USING SAND DURING SHORING
OPERATIONS?
ANS: TO PROVIDE A BETTER GRIP FOR SHORES WHEN THE DECK
SURFACE IS OILY\SLIPPERY.
12. IN GENERAL, SHORES SHOULD BE SHORTENED HOW MUCH TO ALLOW
FOR WEDGES?
ANS: ONE HALF INCH.
13. WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF SHORING?
ANS: I (DIRECT PRESSURE), K
(TRIANGULATION\PERPENDICULAR), AND H (NO DECK
ANCHORAGE).
14. WHAT ARE THE TWO SIZES OF METAL SHORES?
ANS: 3 FT TO 5 FT, AND 6 FT TO 11 FT.
15. WHAT IS THE VERTICAL LOAD STRENGTH OF A 3-FT TO 5 FT METAL
SHORE?
ANS: 3 FT- 20,000 LBS, 5 FT-12, and 000 LBS.
16. WHAT IS THE VERTICAL LOAD STRENGTH OF A 6-FT TO 11 FT
METAL SHORE?
ANS: 6 FT- 20,000 LBS, 11 FT- 6,000 LBS.
17. WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF A FRAMING SQUARE?
ANS: TONGUE, BODY, AND HEEL.
* EMERGENCY ESCAPE BREATHING DEVICE (EEBD)
1. HOW LONG WILL AN EEBD PROVIDE OXYGEN?
ANS: 15 MINUTES.

4-14

2. CAN THE EEBD BE USED TO FIGHT FIRES IN AN EMERGENCY?

ANS: NO, IT IS USED ONLY FOR ESCAPE OR WAITING RESCUE IN
A TOXIC ENVIRONMENT.
3. AFTER THE EEBD HOOD IS REMOVED, DO NOT SMOKE OR BE NEAR
OPEN
FLAMES FOR HOW LONG?
ANS: SEVERAL MINUTES DUE TO OXYGEN TRAPPED IN HAIR.
* OCENCO SCSR M-20.2 (EEBD)
1. HOW LONG WILL THE EEBD M-20.2 LAST?
ANS: 10 MINUTES.
2. HOW LONG CAN THE EEBD M-20.2 BE WORN ON YOUR BELT?
ANS: 5 CONTINUOUS YEARS, THEN IT IS USED AS A RACK EEBD.
3. WHAT ARE SOME FACTORS THAT AFFECT TIME DURATION OF
BREATHING AIR?
ANS: AMOUNT OF WORK, PHYSICAL FITNESS, BREATING RATE, AND
FAMILIARITY OF ESCAPE ROUTES.
4. WHAT INDICATES THE EEBD M-20.2 IS BAD?
ANS: THE NEEDLE IS OUT OF THE GREEN.
5. WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED SHELF LIFE OF THE EEBD M-20.2?
ANS: 15 YEARS.
* VARI-NOZZLE
1. WHAT ARE THE FLOW RATES FOR THE 1 IN VARI-NOZZLE?
ANS: 95 AND 125 GPM.
2. DOES THE AMOUNT OF WATER DISCHARGED FROM THE VARI-NOZZLE
CHANGE FROM STRAIGHT STREAM TO WIDE ANGLE FOG?
ANS: NO, IT REMAINS THE SAME REGARDLESS OF WATER PATTERN.
3. HOW SHOULD THE VARI-NOZZLE BE STOWED?
ANS: BAIL HANDLE IN CLOSED POSITION AND NOZZLE SET TO
NARROW 30 DEGREES ANGLE.
4. WHAT IS THE WIDEST FOG ANGLE ACHIEVED BY THE VARI-NOZZLE?
ANS: 90 DEGREES.
5. HOW MANY BAIL POSITIONS DOES THE VARI-NOZZLE HAVE?
ANS: TWO. OPEN AND CLOSED.

4-15

* PORTABLE HYDRAULIC ACCESS AND RESCUE SYSTEM (PHARS)

1. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE PHARS?
ANS: TO PROVIDE ACCESS THROUGH OR INTO A SPACE WHERE
RESCUE OR OVERHAUL IN CUTTING, SLITTING, PIERCING,
LIFTING AND PULLING IS NEEDED.
2. WHAT IS THE POWER SOURCE FOR THE PHARS?
ANS: EITHER AN ELECTRIC MOTOR OR AN ENGINE CONNECTED TO A
HYDRAULIC PUMP.
3. WHAT PRECAUTIONS MUST BE OBSERVED WHEN CONNECTING OR
DISCONNECTING THE HYDRAULIC LINES?
ANS: DO NOT COME IN CONTACT WITH THE HYDRAULIC FLUID,
WEAR PROTECTIVE GLOVES AND GOGGLES.
4. WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS OF THE RESCUE SPREADER (JAWS OF
LIFE)?
ANS: CAPABLE OF LIFTING 9 TONS, SPREADING TO 32 IN. AND
MAKING SLITS IN 1/8 IN. STEEL.
* FIRE FINDER
1. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THE FIRE FINDER?
ANS: TO LOCATE FIRES OR HOT SPOTS.
2. CAN THE FIRE FINDER BE USED FOR OVERHAUL?
ANS: YES.
3. WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM RANGE THE FIRE FINDER IS SENSITIVE TO?
ANS: 15 FT.
4. CAN THE FIRE FINDER BE USED IF IT FAILS THE SELF-TEST?
ANS: NO.
5. WHAT IS THE POWER SOURCE FOR THE FIRE FINDER?
ANS: 2 STANDARD 9-VOLT BATTERIES.
CBR QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
* NUCLEAR WARFARE DEFENSE
1. WHAT TYPE OF DAMAGE MAY BE EXPECTED FROM A NUCLEAR
UNDERWATER DETONATION?
ANS: HOLES AND CRACKS IN THE HULL BELOW THE WATER,
RUPTURED PIPING SYSTEMS, ELECTRICAL FIRES DUE TO
PARTED CABLES, DAMAGED MACHINERY AND LARGE AMOUNTS
OF RESIDUAL RADIATION ON THE WEATHER SURFACES.

4-16

2. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF SAFE STAY TIME WHILE IN A NUCLEAR

ENVIRONMENT?
ANS: THE MAXIMUM TIME A PERSON CAN BE IN A CONTAMINATED
AREA WITHOUT EXCEEDING THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE
EXPOSURE.
3. WHY DOES THE SHIP SET CIRCLE WILLIAM FITTING PRIOR TO OR
IMMEDIATELY AFTER A NUCLEAR DETONATION?
ANS: TO PREVENT OR LIMIT THE AMOUNT OF FALLOUT OR
RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION FROM ENTERING THE SHIP.
4. WHO ESTABLISHES THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE (MPE)?
ANS: THE SHIPS COMMANDING OFFICER.
5. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT THAT ONE DOES NOT EAT, DRINK OR SMOKE
WHILE CONTAMINATION IS SUSPECTED?
ANS: TO PREVENT CONTAMINATION FROM ENTERING YOUR BODY.
6. DEFINE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE.
ANS: THE MAXIMUM EXPOSURE TO RADIATION THAT CAN BE
ALLOWED DURING A SPECIFIED PERIOD OF TIME.
7. WHAT AREAS OF THE SHIP ARE BEST FOR DEEP SHELTER STATIONS?
ANS: LOW IN THE SHIP, NEAR THE CENTERLINE BELOW THE
WATERLINE.
8. WHAT METHODS ARE USED TO DECONTAMINATE ONBOARD AREAS AND
EQUIPMENT IN A NUCLEAR WARFARE ENVIRONMENT?
ANS: FIREHOSING AND MANUAL SCRUBBING: THE AREA IS WASHED
BY HOSING, SCRUBBED WITH BRUSHES AND DETERGENT, AND
AGAIN WASHED BY HOSING.
9. DESCRIBE THE MARKER USED TO INDICATE A NUCLEAR CONTAMINATED
AREA?
ANS: A WHITE TRIANGLE MADE OF WOOD, METAL OR PLASTIC WITH
THE WORD ATOM PRINTED IN BLACK. THE DOSE RATE, DATE
OF BURST, DATE AND TIME OF READING WILL BE WRITTEN
WHEN POSTED.
10. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RADIATION AND
CONTAMINATION?
ANS: RADIATION CONSISTS OF INVISIBLE RAYS AND IONIZING
PARTICLES GIVEN OFF FROM A RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCE.
CONTAMINATION IS A CONDITION IN WHICH RADIOACTIVE
MATERIAL IS IN LOCATIONS WHERE IT MAY HARM
PERSONNEL.

4-17

11. WHY IS A NUCLEAR UNDERWATER DETONATION POTENTIALLY MORE

DANGEROUS TO NAVAL VESSELS THAN AN AIRBURST?
ANS: UNDERWATER SHOCK WILL PRODUCE A LARGE AMOUNT OF
UNDERWATER DAMAGE AND POSSIBLY HEAVY FALLOUT FROM
THE BASE SURGE.
12. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE SYMPTOMS OF RADIATION SICKNESS?
ANS: NAUSEA OR VOMITING, SORE THROAT, FEVER, DIARRHEA,
SKIN HEMORRHAGES, LOSS OF WEIGHT AND HAIR LOSS.
13. WHAT DOES THE INITIAL RADIATION SURVEY DETERMINE AFTER A
NUCLEAR DETONATION?
ANS: DETERMINES THE LEVEL OF INTENSITY AND LOCATION OF
CONTAMINATION.
14. WHAT ARE THE PROCEDURES FOR SELF-PROTECTION IN THE EVENT
OF A NUCLEAR ATTACK?
ANS: SEEK SHELTER, COVER FACE AND EYES. BRACE FOR SHOCK
(HOLD ON TO A SOLID SHIP STRUCTURE, FLEX ARMS AND
KNEES, AND REST ON THE BALLS OF THE FEET, DON
PROTECTIVE MASK).
* CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE.
15. HOW MANY PHYSICAL STATES ARE CHEMICALS FOUND TO EXIST IN?
ANS: THREE. SOLID, LIQUID, AND GAS.
16. HOW DO CHEMICAL AGENTS ENTER THE BODY?
ANS: 1.RESPIRATORY TRACT.
2.CONTACT WITH THE SKIN.
3.WOUNDS OR CUTS.
4.THROUGH THE EYES.
17. HOW FAST CAN DEATH OCCUR FROM BLOOD AGENT EXPOSURE?
ANS: AS FAST AS FIFTEEN SECONDS IN HIGH CONCENTRATIONS.
18. WHAT TWO SHIPBOARD PROTECTIVE MEASURES ARE TAKEN BEFORE A
CHEMICAL ATTACK?
ANS: SECURE CLOSURE DEVICES (CIRCLE WILLIAM) AND ACTIVATE
THE WDCM SYSTEM.

4-18

19. WHAT METHODS ARE USED TO DECONTAMINATE PERSONNEL AND

EQUIPMENT AFTER A CHEMICAL ATTACK?
ANS: PERSONNEL USE THE PERSONNEL DECONTAMINATION KIT M291, SOAP AND WATER AT THE DECONTAMINATION STATION,
EQUIPMENT IS DECONTAMINATED WITH THE M-291 AND
VARYING SOLUTIONS OF CHEMICALS MIXED WITH SOAP AND
WATER.
20. DESCRIBE THE MARKER USED TO INDICATE A CHEMICAL
CONTAMINATED AREA?
ANS: A YELLOW TRIANGLE WITH THE LETTERS "GAS" IN RED AND
NAME OF THE AGENT, DATE AND TIME OF CONTAMINATION
WRITTEN IN.
21. WHAT AGENTS, IN A VAPOR FORM, WILL THE M-256A1 CHEMICAL
AGENT DETECTOR KIT IDENTIFY?
ANS: BLISTER, NERVE, LEWISITE, BLOOD.
22. IF DURING A CHEMICAL ATTACK YOUR EYES BECOME CONTAMINATED,
WHAT SHOULD YOU USE AS A DECONTAMINATING SOLUTION?
ANS: NON-CONTAMINATED WATER ONLY.
23. WHAT ARE THE TWO PHASES OF DEFENSE FOR BW/CW ATTACK?
ANS: 1.PREPATORY MEASURES TAKEN IN ANTICIPATION OF AN
ATTACK.
2.ACTIVE MEASURES TAKEN IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING
ATTACK.
24. WHAT ARE THE FOUR CASUALTY AGENTS USED IN CHEMICAL
WARFARE?
ANS: CHOKING, BLOOD, BLISTER, AND NERVE.
25. WHAT DETERGENTS ONBOARD SHIPS ARE EFFECTIVE FOR
DECONTAMINATION OF CHEMICAL AGENTS?
ANS: SOAP, SUPER TROPICAL BLEACH AND CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE
(HTH).
26. WHAT TYPE OF AGENTS WILL THE GAS MASK PROTECTS THE WEARER
FROM IN A CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT?
ANS: INHALATION OF NERVE, BLISTER, CHOKING, BLOOD,
VOMITING AND TEAR GAS AGENTS.

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27. WHAT ARE THE PREFERRED METHODS OF DISSEMINATION AND

DELIVERY OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS?
ANS: 1.AEROSOL METHOD.
2.SMALL BOMBLETS.
3.SABOTAGE.
28. DESCRIBE THE MARKER USED TO INDICATE BIOLOGICAL
CONTAMINATED AREAS.
ANS: A BLUE TRIANGLE WITH LETTERS "BIO" IN RED.
29. STATE THE PROTECTIVE MEASURES TAKEN FOR SELF-PROTECTION
PRIOR TO A BIOLOGICAL ATTACK?
ANS: PERSONNEL HYGIENE, AREA SANITATION AND IMMUNIZATION.
30. ONCE A BW/CW AGENT HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AND YOU EXPERIENCE
SYMPTOMS OF EXPOSURE, WHAT THREE STEPS MUST YOU TAKE?
ANS: 1.SELF-AID.
2.PERSONNEL DECONTAMINATION.
3.SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION.
31. WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SETTING MOPP LEVELS?
ANS: THE CO OR THE TASK COMMANDER.
32. WHAT ARE THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT EFFECT BW/CW
AGENTS?
ANS: 1.WIND.
2.PRECIPITATION.
3.TEMPERATURE.
4.RELATIVE HUMIDITY.
5.ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT.
33. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MISSION ORIENTED PROTECTIVE POSTURE
(MOPP) LEVELS?
ANS: MOPP PROVIDES A FLEXIBLE SYSTEM OF PROTECTION
AGAINST CW/BW AGENTS CONSISTENT WITH THE CW/BW
THREAT, THE WORK RATES IMPOSED BY THE SHIP'S
MISSION, AND THE TEMPERATURE.

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* CHEMICAL DETECTION AND SAMPLING KITS

M-8 PAPER
34. WHAT CHEMICAL AGENTS WILL M-8 PAPER DETECT?
ANS: LIQUID V AND G NERVE, AND H-TYPE BLISTER AGENTS.
35. WHERE WOULD ONE FIND THE COLOR COMPARISON CHART FOR THE M8 PAPER?
ANS: ON THE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THE M-8 PAPER BOOKLET.
36. WILL M-8 PAPER DETECT AN AGENT IN THE GAS OR VAPOR FORM?
ANS: NO, M-8 PAPER WILL ONLY DETECT AGENTS IN THEIR
LIQUID FORM.
37. WILL M-8 PAPER DETECT CHEMICAL AGENTS ONCE IT BECOMES WET?
ANS: YES, M-8 PAPER WORKS WHEN WET.
M-9 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR PAPER
38. WHICH CHEMICAL AGENTS WILL M-9 PAPER DETECT?
ANS: G AND V NERVE, AND H AND L BLISTER.
39. HOW SHOULD M-9 PAPER BE STOWED AFTER IT HAS BEEN REMOVED
FROM ITS ORIGINAL SHIPPING PACKAGE?
ANS: IN A MOISTURE-PROOF RESEALABLE BAG.
40. ONCE THE M-9 PAPER DISPENSER HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM THE
SHIPPING BAG, WHAT MUST BE RECORDED ON THE DISPENSER?
ANS: THE CURRENT DATE TO DETERMINE ITS USEFUL LIFE.
41. WHEN HANDLING M-9 PAPER WHAT PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT MUST BE
WORN?
ANS: PROTECTIVE GLOVES.
42. WHEN POSTING M-9 PAPER, WHAT PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN TO
PREVENT FALSE READINGS?
ANS: KEEP PAPER AWAY FROM HIGH TEMPERATURES (160 DEGREES
OR ABOVE), DIESEL OIL AND OIL OF WINTERGREEN.
43. WHAT COLOR WILL M-9 PAPER TURN IF A CHEMICAL AGENT IS
DETECTED?
ANS: ANY SHADE OF RED DOTS.
44. WHAT WILL CAUSE BLUE, GREY, YELLOW, GREEN OR BLACK SPOTS
TO FORM ON M-9 PAPER?
ANS: EXCESSIVE MOISTURE SUCH AS RAIN OR DEW. F-76, JP-5
AND EVERGREEN.

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45. HOW SHOULD M-9 PAPER BE ATTACHED AROUND OBJECTS?

ANS: ADHESIVE SIDE TO ADHESIVE SIDE WITH DETECTOR SIDE
OUT.
46. WHERE SHOULD M-8 OR M-9 PAPER BE POSTED PRIOR TO AN
ATTACK?
ANS: NEAR VENTILATION DUCTS, WATERTIGHT ACCESSES AND AS
STATED IN SHIPS CBR BILL.
M-256A1 DETECTOR KIT
47. WHAT IS CONTAINED IN THE M-256A1 DETECTOR KIT?
ANS: 12 SAMPLER-DETECTORS, 1 BOOK OF M-8 PAPER AND A SET
OF OPERATIONAL INSTRUCTION CARDS.
48. WHAT CHEMICAL AGENTS CAN BE READILY IDENTIFIED BY USING
THE M-256A1 DETECTOR KIT?
ANS: BLISTER, BLOOD AND NERVE.
49. WHERE CAN AN OPERATOR FIND THE COLOR CHANGES THAT INDICATE
THE AGENT IS OR IS NOT PRESENT WHEN USING THE M-256A1 KIT?
ANS: PRINTED ON EACH SAMPLER-DETECTOR AND ON THE
OPERATIONAL INSTRUCTION CARDS IN THE CARRYING CASE.
50. WHAT SHOULD BE CHECKED PRIOR TO OPENING A SAMPLER-DETECTOR
KIT?
ANS: THE DISCARD DATE LISTED ON THE SAMPLER-DETECTOR BAG.
51. WHEN USING THE M-256A1 KIT, THE OPERATOR MUST PROTECT THE
SAMPLER-DETECTOR KIT FROM WHAT ELEMENTS?
ANS: EXCESSIVE MOISTURE, WIND, AND DIRECT SUNLIGHT.
52. WHAT CAN TOUCHING THE SPOTS OF THE SAMPLER-DETECTOR IN A
M-256A1 KIT RESULT IN?
ANS: A FALSE READING OR INCORRECT TEST RESULT.
* PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
MCU-2/P GAS MASKS
53. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE GAS MASKS?
ANS: PROVIDES PROTECTION TO THE FACE, EYES AND
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AGAINST ALL KNOWN CBR AGENTS.
54. WHICH STRAPS ON THE MASKS ARE LOOSENED AND TIGHTENED EACH
TIME THE MASK IS REMOVED AND DONNED?
ANS: ONLY THE TWO BOTTOM STRAPS.

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55. WHAT IS THE EFFECTIVE LIFE OF THE GAS MASK FILTER

CANISTERS?
ANS: 60 DAYS ONCE REMOVED FROM THE STOWAGE CAN IN A NONCONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENT, 30 DAYS IN A CONTAMINATED
ENVIRONMENT, AND ONE BLOOD AGENT ATTACK.
56. CAN THE GAS MASK BE WORN IN OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES?
ANS: NO, THE GAS MASK DOES NOT PROVIDE THE WEARER WITH
OXYGEN.
57. WHAT SHOULD THE WEARER OF THE MASK DO PRIOR TO USE?
ANS: SANITIZE AND INSPECT THE MASK FOR WORN PARTS.
CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE OVERGARMENT (CPO SUIT)
58. WHAT IS THE WEAR LIFE OF THE CPO SUIT ONCE REMOVED FROM
ITS' PROTECTIVE BAG?
ANS: 3O DAYS OR 1OO HOURS WHICH EVER COMES FIRST IN A
NON-CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT.
59. ONCE EXPOSED TO A CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT, HOW LONG WILL THE
CPO SUIT PROTECT THE WEARER?
ANS: SIX HOURS.
60. WHAT PROTECTION IS PROVIDED TO THE WEARER OF THE CPO SUIT?
ANS: THE CPO SUIT PROTECTS THE WEARER AGAINST ALL
CHEMICAL AGENTS.
61. BEFORE ENTERING A CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENT, WHAT SHOULD
THE WEARER OF THE CPO SUIT CHECK?
ANS: CHECK TO ENSURE THAT NO SKIN IS EXPOSED AND THAT YOU
ARE ABLE TO MOVE FREELY WITHOUT THE SUIT BINDING OR
PULLING APART THE FASTENERS.
62. WHAT CAN BE WORN WITH THE CPO SUIT TO ENHANCE ITS
CAPABILITIES?
ANS: WET WEATHER GEAR.
63. HOW LONG WILL THE GLOVES AND BOOTS WORN WITH THE CPO SUIT
PROTECT THE WEAR IN A CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT?
ANS: 6 HOURS, GLOVES & BOOTS MAY BE DECONTAMINATED &
REUSED PROVIDED THEY ARE NOT DAMAGED.

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* PERSONAL DECONTAMINATION
M-291 DECON KIT
64. HOW DOES THE M-291 DECON KIT DECONTAMINATE?
ANS: THOROUGH PHYSICAL REMOVAL, ABSORPTION, AND
NEUTRALIZATION.
65. WHAT PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN WHEN USING THE M-291 DECON
KIT?
ANS: FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY, KEEP DECON POWDER EYES, CUTS
AND WOUNDS. DECON FACE AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE, AVOID
INHALING THE POWDER.
66. HOW MANY PACKETS ARE IN THE M-291 DECON KIT?
ANS: SIX, ENOUGH FOR THREE COMPLETE SKIN
DECONTAMINATIONS.
* SELF-AID/BUDDY-AID
67. WHAT ARE THE FIRST SYMPTOMS OF NERVE AGENT POISONING?
ANS: UNEXPLAINED NASAL SECRETION, TIGHTNESS OF CHEST,
SHORTNESS OF BREATH, CONSTRICTION OF PUPILS,
MUSCULAR TWITCHING OR NAUSEA AND ABDOMINAL CRAMPS.
68. WHAT DEPARTMENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS?
ANS: MEDICAL.
69. WHAT IS THE SELF-AID FOR BLOOD AGENTS?
ANS: DON MASK IMMEDIATELY AND SEEK MEDICAL AID.
70. WHAT IS THE SELF-AID FOR BLISTER AGENTS?
ANS: EYES SHOULD BE FLUSHED WITH CLEAN WATER AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE, USE THE M-291 DECON KIT WITH SOAP AND
WATER FOR SKIN.
71. HOW MANY AUTO-INJECTORS OF ATROPINE AND 2 PAM CHLORIDE ARE
ISSUED TO EACH PERSON AT THE THREAT OF A CHEMICAL ATTACK?
ANS: THREE ATROPINE AND THREE 2 PAM CHLORIDES.
72. ATROPINE AND 2 PAM CHLORIDE ARE ONLY USED AFTER EXPOSURE
AND SYMPTOMS OF WHAT CHEMICAL AGENT?
ANS: NERVE AGENT.
73. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY BLOOD AGENTS?
ANS: DIFFICULT OR RAPID BREATHING, HEADACHE, NAUSEA,
DIZZINESS AND VIOLENT CONVULSIONS.

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74. WHAT ARE THE PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY BLISTER AGENTS?

ANS: PAINFUL WATERY EYES, REDNESS OF SKIN FOLLOWED BY
BLISTERING.
* CHEMICAL WARFARE DIRECTIONAL DETECTOR (CWDD) AN/KAS-1
75. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY USE OF THE AN/KAS-1?
ANS: IT IS USED TO DETECT NERVE AGENT ATTACKS.
76. WHAT IS THE SECONDARY USE OF THE AN/KAS-1?
ANS: IT CAN BE USED IN LOW VISIBILITY/NIGHT PILOTAGE AND
AREA SURVEILLANCE.
77. WHILE USING THE AN/KAS-1, HOW MANY FILTERS SHOULD THE
OPERATOR USE?
ANS: THE CLOUD SHOULD BE OBSERVED WITHOUT A FILTER FIRST,
THEN OBSERVED THRU THREE FILTERS IN THE UNIT.
78. HOW MANY CYCLES MUST THE OPERATOR OF THE AN/KAS-1 OBSERVE
PRIOR TO MAKING A CONFIRMATION ON A NERVE AGENT CLOUD?
ANS: AT LEAST SIX CYCLES.
79. IF THE CLOUD UNDER OBSERVATION IS NOT A NERVE AGENT, WHAT
SHOULD THE OPERATOR OF THE AN/KAS-1 DO?
ANS: CONTINUE CHECKING OTHER SUSPICIOUS CLOUDS.

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