5 Basement Cu Belt Zambia PDF

Proterozoic A-Type granitoids
and volcanic rocks that make

the basement to the Central
African Copperbelt, Zambia
Alberto Lobo-Guerrero S.
Geologist, M.Sc., Min.Ex, Ph.D.
Operations Vice-President
LOGEMIN S.A.
Bogot, Colombia; www.logemin.com
About the Speaker

Geologist, Geosciences Department,
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot
M.Sc. in Mineral Exploration Geology,
Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Outer Space Specialist, International Space University
Strasbourg, France
Ph.D. in Geology,
Economic Geology Research Institute,
University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
Currently consultant in exploration and mining actitivies at
LOGEMIN S.A., Bogot, Colombia.

LOGEMIN S.A.
Take-home message
LOGEMIN S.A.
1 Zambian Copperbelt basement

= several generations of Proterozoic A-type
porphyritic rocks & associated volcanics
2 Most granitoids display rapakivi features
3 Plutonics & volcanics show similar age & chemistry
4 Clearly an anorogenic ring complex cluster
-with 4 distinct overprinted Proterozoic ARCC events
5 Main rock types:
granites, alkali granites, qtzmonzonites & gabbroids
6 Complex geological history, alteration, metamorphism
7 Possible relationships between
basement rks, IOCG mnzn & sed-hosted Cu mnzn
8 Basement hosts hypogene Cu mnzn veins & disseminations
9 Tricky macroscopic correlation
-due to similar rock suites from different ages
LOGEMIN S.A.
Proterozoic A-Type granitoids & volcanic Copperbelt basement
Contents
-1 Introduction
Location
General geology
Anorogenic character
-2 TAS diagram
-3 Event diagram
-4 Main Units in Copperbelt basement
-5 Hydrothermal alteration
-6 Mineralization
-7 Macroscopic Correlation?
-8 Conclusions
LOGEMIN S.A.
Introduction 1
Zambian Copperbelt
= one of t worlds most prolific Cu provinces,
composed by series of A-Type plutonic rocks
& their correlative meta-volcanics.
LOGEMIN S.A.
Zambia
In southern
Africa
LOGEMIN S.A.
Location
of the
Zambian
Copperbelt
LOGEMIN S.A.
Copperbelt
Generalized
Geology
LOGEMIN S.A.
Basement rocks in
Zambian Copperbelt
LOGEMIN S.A.
Introduction 2
Basement rocks in t environs of t Copperbelt
& intrusives that cut Katangan sedimentary sequence
are all anorogenic.
Most granitoids
display rapakivi
features.
LOGEMIN S.A.
K2O + Na2O
K2O/MgO
A-type character of Copperbelt basement granitoids

(a few of the diagrams by Whalen et al, 1987)
10
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
1
10,000*Ga/Al
8 9
10
10,000*Ga/Al
8 9
10
LOGEMIN S.A.
Contents
-1 Introduction
-2 TAS diagram
-3 Event diagram
-6 Mineralization
-8 Conclusions
Modified TAS diagram (After Middlemost, 1994)
LOGEMIN S.A.
19
LOGEMIN S.A.
18
TAS Diagram for Rocks in the

17
Basement, Zambian CuBelt, Africa
X-40
(Data from Lobo-Guerrero,

16 2005)
Na 2 O% + K 2 O%
Curves of Sigma Index values

Petrographic fields
15
Muliashi Porphyry
Lufubu Schists
14
Chambishi Mine environs
Mufulira Granite and other rocks
13
Schist of the Samba Cu deposit
Nchanga Granite granitoids
12
Nchanga Mine other intrusives
X-39
P-28
KN S1
11
Nchanga
Granite
Ba4
Ba5
X-09
10
9
P-29
L-1 67a
L-1 61
L-1 50
Muliashi-Lufubu
Suite
L -17
L-17
23
NG2
Ba6
X-02
L-077
L-166 NG6
L -07 65
40
X-05
MN 153 MN 154
50
X-0 6
55
X-07
60
SiO2%
L1
X-1 1
L-160
NN 75/1 Cham bish i Granite
L -15 9
L-0 78
N G4
65 L-273
L -27 9
Ba2
L-158
Ba1
MN 149
X-3 8
X-1 0
Ba7
L2
X-0 4
L -26 9
4
X-1 3
75
L-268 L-170
L-1 57
M N152
X-14
L-168
Ba3
70M N15 0
X-4 2
L-153
X-34a
X-34
X-3 6
L -155
X-08
L -163
NG5L -16 2
X-41
BN5 3/1
35
L-151
L-1 54
NG3
X-03
7
45
6
X-01
X-35
X-3 7
80
85
LOGEMIN S.A.
Statistics of rock types (TAS), Copperbelt basement, Zambia
LOGEMIN S.A.
Contents
-1 Introduction
-2 TAS diagram
-3 Event diagram
-6 Mineralization
-8 Conclusions
LOGEMIN S.A.

LOGEMIN S.A.
Contents
-1 Introduction
-2 TAS diagram
-3 Event diagram
Nchanga Granite
Post-Katanga Intrusions
Muliashi Porphyry
Lufubu Schists
-6 Mineralization
-8 Conclusions
LOGEMIN S.A.
Nchanga Granite
Sedimentary-hosted Cu mnzn at t Nchanga Mine
lies unconformably on top of t Nchanga Granite ring
complex (87711Ma).
Chemistry of t complex spans fields of midalkaline to
subalkaline rocks.
LOGEMIN S.A.
Nchanga Granite
Parts of t pluton are made of high heat producing granites
that probably maintained a long-lived circulation of
hydrothermal fluids.
T Nchanga Granite might have contributed to t origin of
Cu in its environs.
Evidence for more plutons of similar characteristics
around Konkola & Musoshi mines.
Typical Nchanga Granite inselberg
LOGEMIN S.A.
Post-Katanga Intrusions
Widely-varying mafic rocks & midalkaline granitic dikes
occur in t Nchanga mine area (~765Ma)
Part of them intersect t

Copperbelt basement
& were emplaced after
Katangan sediment
consolidation;
in some cases, after
Cu-Co mineralization.
LOGEMIN S.A.
Muliashi Porphyry
Geochemically-distinct group of rocks (1874-1860Ma).
Some portions display hydroth. altn and/or metamorphism.
Granitoids from environs of Chambishi (~1983Ma) & Mufulira
(~1994Ma) are geochemically akin to Muliashi Porphyry.
LOGEMIN S.A.
LOGEMIN S.A.
Simplified log of exploratory Konkola Deep Borehole, Zambia
874?
Geological history, Konkola deep borehole
LOGEMIN S.A.
Lufubu Schists
Metavolcanic rocks, collectively called Lufubu Schists
(1980-1874Ma, including the ~1964 Ma Samba deposit
schists)
correlate geochemically & geochronologically w plutonic
rocks in t Copperbelt basement. Intimately related.
LOGEMIN S.A.
Lufubu Schists
19
LOGEMIN S.A.
18
TAS Diagram for Rocks in the

17
Basement, Zambian CuBelt, Africa
X-40
(Data from Lobo-Guerrero,

16 2005)
Na 2 O% + K 2 O%
Curves of Sigma Index values

Petrographic fields
15
Muliashi Porphyry
Lufubu Schists
14
Chambishi Mine environs
Mufulira Granite and other rocks
13
Schist of the Samba Cu deposit
Nchanga Granite granitoids
12
Nchanga Mine other intrusives
X-39
P-28
KN S1
11
Nchanga
Granite
Ba4
Ba5
X-09
10
9
P-29
L-1 67a
L-1 61
L-1 50
Muliashi-Lufubu
Suite
L -17
L-17
23
NG2
Ba6
X-02
L-077
L-166 NG6
L -07 65
40
X-05
MN 153 MN 154
50
X-0 6
55
X-07
60
SiO2%
L1
X-1 1
L-160
NN 75/1 Cham bish i Granite
L -15 9
L-0 78
N G4
65 L-273
L -27 9
Ba2
L-158
Ba1
MN 149
X-3 8
X-1 0
Ba7
L2
X-0 4
L -26 9
4
X-1 3
75
L-268 L-170
L-1 57
M N152
X-14
L-168
Ba3
70M N15 0
X-4 2
L-153
X-34a
X-34
X-3 6
L -155
X-08
L -163
NG5L -16 2
X-41
BN5 3/1
35
L-151
L-1 54
NG3
X-03
7
45
6
X-01
X-35
X-3 7
80
85
LOGEMIN S.A.
LOGEMIN S.A.
Contents
-1 Introduction
-2 TAS diagram
-3 Event diagram
-6 Mineralization
-8 Conclusions
LOGEMIN S.A.
Hydrothermal Alteration
Intense sodic alteration & hematitization are evident in
basement rocks.
-Other alterations include K, Rb & Pr enrichment
-Some rocks display Nb & Cu enrichment
Unidentified regional metamorphism processes, that took
place before emplacement of t Nchanga Granite,
modified original rock chemistry.
LOGEMIN S.A.
LOGEMIN S.A.
Rocks from t Samba Cu deposit are geochemically very

similar to Lufubu metavolcanics.
They were subject to depletion in Na & K.
Transformed quartzmonzonites into granodiorites
(DelaRoche
LOGEMIN S.A.
et al, 1980)
LOGEMIN S.A.
L-167a
0.8
LOGEMIN S.A.
Ba6
0.7
X-09
MN153
L-161
L-158
L-150
MN152
X-42
L-157
X-04
GO
X -06
Gabbroids
L-163
0.6
MN154
KNS1
Ba7
Ba4Ba5
L-160
L-159
BN53/1
MN149
L-155
X-11
X-13
X-14
L-170
X-10
L-273
TO
MZGO
Ba1
B a2
MZ
X-01
L2
MZDQ
GD
L1
MZQ
L-279
L-077
Mg/(Fe+Mg)
DQ
0.4
Ba3
X-02
0.5
NN75/1 Chambishi Granite

X-03
X-41
MN150
AD
L-076
L-075
L-078
GR
0.3
L-162
L-166
L-173
X-05
X-36
SQ
L-172
X-39
X-07
Nchanga
Granite
X-34a
X-34
SQ
L-151
X-37
Muliashi
Muliashi
-Lufubu
-Lufubu
Suite
Suite
0.2
L-168
L-268
P-28
X-08
P-29
0.1
X-35
L-153
X-38
100
200
MgB Diagram (Debon & LeFort, 1994)

Basement to Zambian Copperbelt
300
400
500
600
B = Fe + Mg + Ti
X-12
X-40
L NG5
151
Nchanga
Granite
cluster
600
X-05
NG6
Muliashi
Porphyry
trend
L-27 9
NG4
NG3
Ba3
Ba1
Ba 4
LOGEMIN S.A.
X-34a
X-12
L- 16 6
X-40
P-29
L-076 X-41
L-075
L -077
X -08
Ba6
L-078
500
-50
L-163
AB Diagram (After Dbon & LeFort, 1994)

Copperbelt, Zambia; Lufilian Arc Granitoid Project
X-38
X-01
L-150
L-167a
X-14
400
-100
X-13
B = Fe + Mg + Ti
X-06
X-10
X-11
300
L-161
-150
X -09
L1
X-07
BN53/1
200
L2
KNS1
X-38
P-28
Ba5
Ba4
-200
Ba6
Muliashi-Lufubu
Suite
X-41
L-076
L-075
X-08
L-078
L- 077
100
L-273
X-05
L-279
X-04
Ba7
X- 42
L-159
MN153
NN75/1 Chambishi
Granite
MN154
L-160
X-09
L-170
MN152
MN150
L-155
L-268
MN149
X- 03
L- 166
L-158
P-28
Ba3
P-29
X-01
X-40
Nchanga
Granite
X-39
L-157
NG6X-02
L-269
Ba2
Ba1
NG4
NG3
NG2
NG
5
L-151
L-162 L-153
L-173
X-L34a
X-34
172
X-35
-250
X-37
L-154
L-168
X-36
0
0
100
200
Q = Si/3-(K + Na + 2Ca/3)
300
400
X-07
250
LOGEMIN S.A.
L1
X-07
BN53/1
200
L2
X-38
KNS1
Ba5
Ba4
150
Ba6
X-41
L-076
L-075
X-08
X-04
L-078
L-273
100
0
0.2
L-077
Ba7
X-05
L-279
X- 42
0.4
MN153
NN75/1 Chambishi Granite
MN154
MN152
0.6
0.8
L-170
L-159
K/(Na + K)
MN150
L-155
L-160
X-09
X-03
L- 268
MN149
Muliashi porphyry trend
L-166
L-158
P-28
Ba3
50
L-157
X- 01
NG6
P-29
X-02
L-269
Ba2
Ba1
X-34a
NG4
NG3
Nchanga
Granite
NG2
NG5
L-162 L-151
L-153
X-34
L-173
L-172
L-154
X-35
X-37
L-168
X-36
X-40
X-39
LOGEMIN S.A.
Contents
-1 Introduction
-2 TAS diagram
-3 Event diagram
-6 Mineralization
Relationship basement rocks-IOCG mnzn
Association with sed-hosted Cu mnzn
Hypogene Cu mnzn veins & dissemination
-8 Conclusions
LOGEMIN S.A.
Relation to IOCG
Near Chambishi, a large volume of anorogenic gabbroids
intruded Katangan metasediments. Granophyres (nepheline
syenite), an iron oxide body, and characteristic
sodichematite alterations accompanied t gabbroids.
These may be evidence
for IOCG mnzn present
below t Chambishi
sedimentary-hosted
Cu-Co deposit.
Lots of other evidence
Millions of years ago
LOGEMIN S.A.
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
Copperbelt 2
Copperbelt 1
Witvlei
1
10 11 12 13
At least 2 known
associations between
anorogenic intrusions,
sed-hosted Cu mnzn
& IOCG mnzn
in t Copperbelt
Hypogene Cu
LOGEMIN S.A.
Some rocks from Muliashi Porphyry & associated

metavolcanics (including hosts to Samba deposit)
contain significant Cu (hypogene origin?)
None of them bear resemblance w/ porphyry Cu systems.
Samba Cu deposit
veins
disseminations
LOGEMIN S.A.
Contents
-1 Introduction
-2 TAS diagram
-3 Event diagram
-6 Mineralization
-8 Conclusions
LOGEMIN S.A.
Macroscopic Correlation ?
Both Muliashi Porphyry
& Mufulira suites contain
pink + gray granitoids.
T two suites are
macroscopically &
chemically identical.
They seem to have formed

-in similar environments
-from equivalent protoliths
but were emplaced
120Ma apart
from each other.
LOGEMIN S.A.
Macroscopic Correlation ?
Muliashi Porphyry (Pink & Gray)
Lufubu Schist
LOGEMIN S.A.
LOGEMIN S.A.
Congolese Granitoids
Congolese granitoids of Luina & Mokambo domes have
not been studied in great detail.
Take-home message
LOGEMIN S.A.
1 Zambian Copperbelt basement

= several generations of Proterozoic A-type
porphyritic rocks & associated volcanics
2 Most granitoids display rapakivi features
3 Plutonics & volcanics show similar age & chemistry
4 Clearly an anorogenic ring complex cluster
-with 4 distinct overprinted Proterozoic ARCC events
5 Main rock types:
granites, alkali granites, qtzmonzonites & gabbroids
6 Complex geological history, alteration, metamorphism
7 Possible relationships between
basement rks, IOCG mnzn & sed-hosted Cu mnzn
8 Basement hosts hypogene Cu mnzn veins & disseminations
9 Tricky macroscopic correlation
-due to similar rock suites from different ages
www.logemin.com
This entire presentation
may be downloaded from webpage
Thanks for your attention

LOGEMIN S.A.

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Proterozoic A-Type granitoids

and volcanic rocks that make

About the Speaker

Proterozoic A-Type granitoids

1 Zambian Copperbelt basement

Proterozoic A-Type granitoids & volcanic Copperbelt basement

A-type character of Copperbelt basement granitoids

Proterozoic A-Type granitoids & volcanic Copperbelt basement

Modified TAS diagram (After Middlemost, 1994)

TAS Diagram for Rocks in the

(Data from Lobo-Guerrero,

Curves of Sigma Index values

Statistics of rock types (TAS), Copperbelt basement, Zambia

Proterozoic A-Type granitoids & volcanic Copperbelt basement

Proterozoic A-Type granitoids & volcanic Copperbelt basement

Typical Nchanga Granite inselberg

Part of them intersect t

Simplified log of exploratory Konkola Deep Borehole, Zambia

Geological history, Konkola deep borehole

TAS Diagram for Rocks in the

(Data from Lobo-Guerrero,

Curves of Sigma Index values

Proterozoic A-Type granitoids & volcanic Copperbelt basement

Rocks from t Samba Cu deposit are geochemically very

NN75/1 Chambishi Granite

MgB Diagram (Debon & LeFort, 1994)

AB Diagram (After Dbon & LeFort, 1994)

Muliashi porphyry trend

Proterozoic A-Type granitoids & volcanic Copperbelt basement

Millions of years ago

Some rocks from Muliashi Porphyry & associated

Proterozoic A-Type granitoids & volcanic Copperbelt basement

They seem to have formed

1 Zambian Copperbelt basement

Thanks for your attention

Proterozoic A-Type granitoids

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