CrossFitEnduranceSeminar Running

ENDURANCE
T R A I N E R C OU RS E
ENDURANCE TRAINING GUIDE
Copyright 2015 CrossFit, Inc. All Rights Reserved. CrossFit is a registered trademark of CrossFit, Inc.
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Endurance Training Guide |

ENDURANCE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRE-SEMINAR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
SEMINAR INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
UNDERSTANDING CROSSFIT ENDURANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
MOBILITY WOD DRILLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
RUNNING DRILLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
READING MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
SEMINAR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
RUNNING MECHANICS & PERFORMANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
INJURY & PREVENTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
FUELING THE ENDURANCE ATHLETE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
NUTRITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
SMR & MOBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
TRAINING THE ENDURANCE ATHLETE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
POST-SEMINAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6 WEEK HOMEWORK VIDEO LINKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
6 WEEKS OF RUN TECHNIQUE (HOMEWORK). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
TEMPO TRAINER RUNNING CADENCE CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
RUNNING TECHNIQUE BASIC DRILLS SHEET
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
BEGINNER RUNNING PRACTICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

ADVANCED RUNNING PRACTICES
DISTANCE SETS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RECOVERY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

RACE WARM-UP & PACING STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
RUNNING TECHNIQUE SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
CROSSFIT ENDURANCE WARM-UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
FOOT EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
CROSSFIT ENDURANCE RUNNING DRILLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
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Copyright 2015 CrossFit, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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PRE-SEMINAR
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PRE-SEMINAR
SEMINAR INFORMATION
Each day begins at 8 a.m. and goes until 4 p.m. with a 1 hour lunch break.
Please come in comfortable clothing ready to workout. Dress weather appropriate as we
spend time outdoors.
We are honored that you have chosen to participate in the CrossFit Endurance Trainer
Course. CrossFit Endurance has seen substantial growth in the last year and we have you,
the CrossFit Endurance Community, to thank.
There will continue to be new things added to CrossFit Endurance as new and different
needs of athletes are identified. We encourage your active participation in all we have to
offer.
We cover the mechanical, conceptual, and theoretical foundations of CrossFit.
Endurance. We video tape to determine a starting point for each athlete. We review this as
a group. We have alternating sessions demonstrating basic movements and skill development, with presentations of the conceptual basis of CrossFit Endurance, and a workout to
drive home application of the materials. You are encouraged, but not required to participate in the physical portions of the seminar. For those who may have an injury we recommend that you participate in as many of the skill building activities as you see fit.
In preparation for the seminar you should familiarize yourself with fundamental CrossFit
Endurance terminology (TT, Tempo, interval etc). These are found on the website in the
workout legend, and FAQ pages.
We look forward to working with all of you.
Regards,
Brian MacKenzie & The CrossFit Endurance Coaching Staff
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UNDERSTANDING CROSSFIT ENDURANCE

CFE DEFINED
CrossFit Endurance is an endurance sports training program dedicated to improving
performance, fitness and endurance sports potential. We inspire, coach, and provide our
community with the most aggressive and proven fundamentals of sports science, exercise
physiology, nutrition, and athletic training protocols.
We are the leaders in strength and conditioning for endurance athletes. We have been
guiding athletes, educating coaches and providing premier content to the endurance
communities with tremendous success. Our passion is endurance sports. Our goal is to
show a path that has not been illuminated. Our training principles work.
We are not for everyone, only for those who want to have a home in which they can grow
both mentally and physically as an athlete to realize their chosen potential.
THE INNOVATION
Power and speed are critical components to success in the endurance world. With careful
planning, our strength and conditioning plan increases these two mainstays of performance while decreasing recovery time, reducing injury, promoting preservation of lean
tissue and creating a more sustainable performance curve.
We focus on eliminating unnecessary volume of training while increasing intensity. Our
programming is structured, sport-specific and seamlessly integrated with Olympic lifts,
powerlifting, gymnastics movements, explosive activity and mobility-based support.
Everything we do focuses on midline stabilization and working from the inside out. Our
strength and conditioning approach for endurance athletes is unparalleled. We incorporate the CrossFit fundamentals of being constantly varied. Repetition is the enemy and
results in a decreased ability to build fitness.
Make no doubt, our program is not easy, but we believe the journey is part of making the
results more rewarding. Our design is to maximize you as an athlete and to elevate your
fitness. Our commitment to you is that we will coach, inspire, lead and educate with care,
sincerity and a relentless motivation to finally get you where you want to go!
THE PLEDGE
Be UnScared. If you are not getting the results you want or if you dont perform, feel or
look the way you want, allow us to provide the solution through our programming and
community. CrossFit Endurance was created by experienced athletes and coaches. We
provide only the best in proven methods.
Traditional training results in athletes being less powerful, less lean and more prone to
injury, low energy and abbreviated sport longevity. We will make you faster. We will make
you leaner. We will increase your power. We follow the CrossFit model while adding precise training protocols for endurance. We make you lift heavy. We make your lungs burn.
But we make you happy!
Eat clean (lots of veggies, little fruit and starch, lean meats, essential fats, nuts, no grain, no
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PRE-SEMINAR
dairy, no bread, no sugar, no GMO, no refined or processed foods), train

like a freak and make every meter and every rep mean something. We
dont have time to waste time; we do have time to accelerate ability.
We welcome you to explore our website (www.crossfitendurance.com),
experience our programming, ask questions, and attend one of our
detailed seminars around the world. We encourage you to stop thinking
and start doing. We revolutionized endurance training.
MOBILITY WOD DRILLS
READING MATERIALS
What is Fitness?
Greg Glassman, Oct 2002
The New World Order for Endurance
Training
Brian MacKenzie, Nov 2007
The Basics of Pose Running Techniques
Brian MacKenzie, Dec 2007
Below are links to the Mobility Wod Episodes posted by Kelly Starrett
which target running specific areas. Spending time doing this will help
you to be the most prepared you can be entering our seminar weekend.
Episode 77/365 Plantar Fasciitis
Endurance Training: Decreased

Training Time & Increased Work
Capacity
Brian MacKenzie, Jan 2008
Episode 142/365 Tight IT Band and Hip Flexor Fix: Runners?

Episode 194/365: Why Do You Hate Your Calfs?
Episode 249/365 Improving Hip Extension (And Internal Rotation) For Running
Episode 305 Solving Problems With The Tunnel:The Foot Strike
Episode 318/365: Knee Pain On Stairs or Hills
Episode 319/365: Protect Those Heel Cords Man!
There is a more complete list on our site if you go to the seminar prep drop down from the
seminar tab.
and episodes that hit additional areas on the Mobility
RUNNING DRILLS
Please review the Running Drills with Brian MacKenzie series from the CrossFit Journal.
You will need a subscription to the CFJ to access the videos.
Subscribe here
Running Drills With Brian MacKenzie Part 1
Running Drills with Brian MacKenzie Part 2
It is not a necessity, but is recommended that you purchase this product and bring it to
the seminar. It is needed to complete the 6 week homework from the seminar.
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SEMINAR
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SEMINAR
RUNNING MECHANICS & PERFORMANCE

CFE/TRADITIONAL PROGRESSION HIERARCHY
Traditional Model:
1. Volume
2. Intensity
3. Technique/Skill
CFE Model
1. Technique/Skill
2. Intensity
3. Volume
Traditional protocols simply add more time and volume to periodize ones body to be able
to race that time or distance. CFE demands attention at the technique level, then tests the
technique under stress (intensity), then develops increased stamina through technique
executed under stress with more weight. time or weight volume.
WHAT FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN RUNNING FAST?
The more we recruit gravity to move forward, the less work has to be done to move forward. Two of the best runners of all time who do this flawlessly are Usain Bolt and Michael
Johnson.
THE CROSSFIT GENERAL PHYSICAL SKILLS
Cardio Respiratory Endurance
Stamina
Strength
Flexibility
Power
Speed
Coordination
Agility
Balance
Accuracy
This seminar addresses many of the software elements of these skills (bottom 4). The
hardware elements must be respected (top 4). Power & Speed are byproducts of the top
4 & bottom 4.
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CONVENTIONAL RUNNING THEORY

Munro postulates applying increased ground reaction force (pushing) to increase
1
acceleration of the centre of mass.
Hunter found that it was not advantageous to have large vertical impulse during
the acceleration phase of a sprint. Their fastest runners only produced moderate
2
vertical impulses.
The quadriceps & hamstring muscles contract during early support during knee
flexion. These muscles are therefore resisting the work of gravity, as the body
3
lowers from foot contact to mid-stance.
According to scientific data, extensors muscle activity begins to decrease and
ends about 30% before toe-off. This will negate extension of the knee and hip or
4
pushing off.
Conventional theory demands that movement forward is generated by pressure exerted
in the opposite direction (pushing). In doing so, there is a significant draw on both quadriceps and hamstrings that can exhaust ones muscles prematurely. Neither one of these
muscles is capable of producing forward propulsion.
THE CONCEPT OF EFFICIENT RUNNING
Movement is built on an infinite number of positions, through which the body
moves in space and time
The deadlift, squat and press all have defined positions for beginning, middle
and end.
So does running!
It is important to note that the body cannot move forward until the center of mass
passes the ball of the foot (pivotal point of support).
Each movement starts and ends in a defined position.
There is only one ideal position for intended movement (running).
The closer we get to ideal position, the more efficient the movement is.
Movement is a constant change from one position to another on the timeline of
movement duration.
Define a running starting position (in our case, figure 4).
Establish appropriate fall for speed desired.
Define the finish position (figure 4 on other leg).
Define the easiest way to move from start to finish (figure 4, fall, pull).
Munro et al., 1987; Weyland et al., 2000
Hunter et al., 2005
Elliot & Banksby, 1979
Brandell 1973; Mann and Hagy 1980, Pare et al., 1981, Schwab et al., 1983, Nilsson and Thorstensson, 1985, Montgomery et al., 1994
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Table 1.
THE CONCEPT OF EFFICIENT RUNNING
POSITION
(establish figure 4 positionhigh stability)
FALL
(loss of balancemovement. Maintain stability)
PULL
(dynamic stabilityshifting support from beginning to
ending position)
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT MOVEMENT

Work WITH the laws of nature, not against them.
You go where your body weight goes.
Muscle activity should service your body weight, not the other way around.
Gravity
Ground reaction
Muscle elasticity
Muscle contraction
Gravitational Torque
Momentum/Inertia
These 6 forces are the drivers and areas for focus when considering
successful running technique. Dont believe the power of gravity? Pick
up a PVC
POSITION
All movement begins & ends with a specific position.
Requires accuracy, agility, balance, and coordination, therefore
it is a skill.
Figure 4 is the position from which falling begins.
Keys: Midline stable, gymnastic/hollow set.
Optimal position=one knee bent to create a figure 4 position; head
position neutral; bent support knee; quiet upper body; shoulders
externally rotated.
Figure 1.
5
Graham-Brown, 1912
Cavagna & Lafortune, 1980
Cavagna et al, 1964
Heise et al, 1996
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GRAVITY
The strongest mechanical force among the forces in nature.
Anokhin stated, all biological systems, the most essential characteristics of it, are
9
defined by the Universal Law of Gravity.
Leonardo Da Vinci was the 1st to recognize gravity as a propulsive force, when
he stated, motion is created by the destruction of balance, that is, of equality of
weight for nothing can move by itself which does not leave its state of balance
10
and that thing moves rapidly which is furthest from its balance
Fen following extensive work on running found that his fastest runner, in
comparison to a slower runner had his centre of mass further forward during
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stance (an increase in body fall)
Gravity is the most powerful force we can harness. The more we embrace gravity, the
easier it is to run. The more we fall, the faster we run.
FALL: ROTATION AROUND POINT OF SUPPORT
Using Gravitational Torque
AGAIN: It is important to note that the body cannot move forward until the general center
of mass passes the ball of the foot (pivotal point of support)
Much like our PVC example, our position must be solid from foot to shoulder.Once our
posture is established movement is initiated by moving /allowing our general center of
mass forward. Retention of this fall and stable midline defines our speed of movement.
Figure 2.
Keele, 1983: p. 173
10
Keele, 1983: p. 173
11
Fen, 1930
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FALLING
Figure 3.
3 Simple Keys:
Use gravity to help. Its the strongest, most natural force.
Movement is a result of the destruction of balance.
Use torque to redirect energy for movement.
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ANGLES OF FALLING: MORE FALL - MORE SPEED
Slow Running
Figure 4.
Fast Running
Variations of Correct Running
Depending on the amount of gravity utilized, the body immediately knows the
quality and quantity of muscles efforts that should be applied in the particular
movement.
This is ingrained in the human body through a process of millions years of
evolution.
Slower running only requires 1-5 degrees of lean. We utilize a small amount of
gravity transferring to the horizontal component. For faster running, we use more
fall as it helps us utilize more gravity for forward movement.
Speed is governed by the angle of fall, not by pushing backward. Position never changes,
however, degree of fall does... more fall = more speed.
VARIATIONS OF CORRECT RUNNING
A 5.5 degree fall will deliver a 4:08 mile split. Usain Bolt runs the 100m dash with an
average 18.5 degree and maximum 21.4 degree fall. Foot recovery height is indicative of
speed.
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PULL: WITH HAMSTRINGS FOR CHANGE OF SUPPORT
Foot Pull
Figure 5.
Change of Support
Use ground reaction and muscle elasticity instead of muscular energy.

Minimal compact movement.
Stride frequency is critical.
A forefoot ground strike capitalizes on maximal muscle elasticity. The movement from
ground strike to figure 4 is controlled by hamstring contraction. The rate of this pulling
motion is in harmony with cadence
STRIDE FREQUENCY
Very similar to cycling
Minimum of 90 cadence (180 steps per minute) is necessary for ground reaction
and muscle elasticity to work together and save muscular effort
Monitor with a Seiko Metronome / www.frozenape.com (iPhone App) / Or any
metronome that will set to 90 cadence or faster
Good runners pull the foot straight up
Higher cadence equals faster speed. As the lean/fall increases, stride frequency must
increase to handle incremental torque. Range is 90-130 steps per minute, per foot (130 is
world class).
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RUNNING ERRORS
Poor body posture (bent at waist K)
Landing in front (braking)
Landing on heel (no elasticity)
Landing on straight leg (knee load = sheer force)
Pushing off in back (creating lever)
Foot on ground too long (prolonged contraction)
Almost all sources of error/pain can be sourced to these 6 areas. Running error communication should be kept simple! Find the source of the error, prescribe the solution.
FOCUS ON 3 KEYS
Posture- retain midline stability
Midline stability: The midline is the entire spine, and its stability is dependent
on the core and all the prime movers of the body. This includes the hip, glutes,
and hamstrings. Excessive tightness in any of the prime movers affects the
core muscles, often resulting in low back pain.
Falling - use gravity to your advantage (efficiency)
Pulling - foot straight up (pull insertion towards origin)
This concept takes minutes to learn, but a lifetime to master! Whenever you lose your way,
come back to the basics. Everything begins with posture, if it is not correct, your fall and
pull will be sub-optimized.
KEY TECHNIQUE AREAS
Maintain 90+ cadence
Stay compact
Do as little work as possible = efficiency of movement
This quick list of basics reinforces what to do to maximize efficiency and speed.
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INJURY & PREVENTION

INJURIES AND ERRORS
Upon close reflection, it is fairly clear why modern running science and medicine has not
addressed running technique as the main cause for injuries:
There was no standard of running technique.
An error is a deviation from the standard. If there is no standard then there is no
error in technique.
If there is a standard in technique, any deviation from it is an error. Errors in
technique are the cause of injuries.
Start position = finish position tunnel example
Putting your body in an inefficient position for the intended task (Proper Set-Up/Position
= Efficiency & Less Injury).
TWO MAJOR RULES WHICH CAUSE INJURIES
Stopping a movement
Creating leverage
Stopping a movement and creating leverage force tissue to move in a direction that can
cause undue stress. We want to prevent ourselves from any such stressful activities.
MUSCLES LOADING
Both rules are primarily about how much we work against gravity.
When we reduce our work against gravity, injuries are reduced.
If we increase the amount of work against gravity, injuries increase.
Running faster instead of harder will help ingrain this concept. Harder implies greater
muscle contraction rather than leaning. Run fast, not hard. Retain muscle elasticity at all
costs in all movements.
RUNNING ERRORS
Poor body posture (bent at waist K)
Landing in front (braking)
Landing on heel (no elasticity)
Landing on straight leg (knee load=shear force)
Pushing off in back (creating lever)
Foot on ground too long (prolonged contraction)
Almost all sources of error/pain can be sourced to these 6 areas. Running error communication keep it simple. Find the source of the error, prescribe the solution.
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DETAILED COURSE CURRICULUM
COMMON INJURIES IN RUNNING

Improper Movement Patterns
Unnecessary muscle activation
Muscle work against gravity and bodyweight
Too much distance and speed for skill
Make technique changes from the ground up
Use this slide as a cheat sheet on diagnosing running injury. All injuries are the result of
stopping a movement or creating leverage. It is vital to understand that injury comes from
a deviation from a standard.
CALF STRAIN / TEAR & ACHILLES TENDONITIS
Causes
Weakening of muscle fibers
Overstressed tissue
Why
Toe landing
Toe push off
Tight calves
When our calf is over articulated it causes muscle overload and the creation of leverage.
Undue leverage without enough strength causes the muscle to tear. A loose foot and
greater muscle elasticity will prevent such injury from occurring.
PLANTAR FASCIITIS
Causes
Too much load on the plantar fascia leads to tissue breakdown
Why
Toe landing
Excessive push off
Tight calves or Achilles tendon
Primarily gastroc soleus
Treating plantar fasciitis over the long term requires correcting technique issues, improving foot mobility, and strengthening the weak fascia.
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ITB SYNDROME
Causes
Heel striking out in front of GCM
Landing on outside of foot
Why
Weak muscles
Glute Medius
Vastus Medialis
Tight lateral quad
Adhesions
In IT band
Lateral Quad
Knee diving in during:
Run
Workout
IT pain is generated from the IT band rubbing back and forth across the bone on the outside of the knee. Long term resolution must feature a lengthening of the IT band (stretching), strengthen glutes, and myofascial release.
PATELLAR FEMORAL DYSFUNCTION AND PATELLAR TENDONITIS
Causes
Patella not sliding within the femoral groove properly
Tissue breakdown at patellar tendon
Why
Tight quads/weak vastus medialis oblique (VMO)
Weak gluteus medius
Sitting for extended periods
Runners knee is caused by the shifting back and forth of the patella tendon brought on
by ground reaction force meeting tight quads and weak glute muscles. Increased strength
in the glutes and quads will allow for less stress on patella tendon.
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LOW BACK PAIN

Description of Pain
Generally in and around low back
Achy pain typical
Pain shooting through the glutes
Pain radiating down the leg
Why
Tight and weak hips creates unbalanced torsion on low back
Weak midline/core
Heel Strikers
Over rotation of upper torso
Forward lean
Muscle imbalances
Heel striking is the primary source of lower back pain. Such pain can also be exacerbated
via over rotation of the upper body. More erect posture and forward hip position will
relieve ground concussions.
TREATMENTS
Treatments may vary, but prioritizing how you go about treatments will enhance
the effectiveness of the treatment. Treat muscle stiffness first.
Find the weak muscles and strengthen them, work proper mechanics re-evaluate
form, & progressions.
Remember, if youve injured a tissue, youve got to treat that tissue AND solve the
mechanical problem that caused that tissue to load poorly in the first place.
Prioritize how you treat an injury. Inflammation reduction, technique analysis and strength
improvement are places to start. Remember to go up/down stream from the injury to
ensure comprehensive treatment.
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FUELING THE ENDURANCE ATHLETE

NUTRITION
Fueling is a skill and must be practiced and perfected just like accuracy, agility, balance
and coordination. If we have to prioritize training, recovery and nutrition, nutrition is #1,
the other two can be monitored by outside observation.
WHAT DO WE EAT?
Are you eating to train or training to eat? Ultimate performance is
fueled by ultimate quality of food and hormonal management of
insulin and glucagon. How are you fueling your engine?
HOW DOES IT WORK?
Carbohydrate stores in the liver and skeletal muscle are limited to
about 2,500 to 2,600 kcal of energy, or the equivalent of the energy
needed for about 40km of running. Fat stores can provide more than
70,000 kcal of energy.
GLUCONEOGENESIS
Protein can be used as a minor energy source under some
circumstances, but it must first be converted into glucose. The
process by which protein or fat is converted into glucose is called
Gluconeogenesis. Protein can provide upwards of 5-10% of the
energy needed to sustain long duration exercise.
Figure 6.
HORMONES AND RESPONSE TO ENERGY

This graph simply demonstrates your bodys response to the ingestion of various macro food groupsultimately we want to limit insulin production and train our bodies to utilize fat as its primary source
of energy via ingestion of PRO and FAT.
Figure 7.
ENDURANCE FUELING HAS THREE SOURCES

Nutrition
During exercise the bodys nutrition demands change based on the duration of
event.
Shorter events draw upon glycogen stores while events over 18 hrs utilize more fat.
Shorter events draw up pre/post hydration & nutrition more than fueling during
the race or event.
Hydration
70% of our body is water, 75% of mitochondria weight is water.
Minimum water consumption should be 16-20 oz. per hour, however, this can be
as high as 34 oz. in extreme conditions.
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Electrolytes
Electrolytes are sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium and calcium.
These minerals help retain water in and across your body including your muscles.
Human hierarchy of needs demands that oxygen, hydration and THEN nutrition must be
addressed in that ordertend to each need state and plan/execute accordingly.
NUTRITION HIGHLIGHTS
The body can retain about 1800-2200 calories of glycogen when fully fueled.
During intense exercise, the body can burn 600-1500 calories per hour.
Unfortunately we can only absorb 200-600 calories per hour.
Based on the duration of the event, our refueling strategies must be flexible and
call upon different sources of calories.
Key = get a nutrient return for what you ingest! Macronutrients should have high
nutrient density (food is fuel)
Table 2.
YOUR FUEL STORES
CARBOHYDRATE
Location
Kcal
Liver Glycogen
110
451
Glucose in Body Fluids
15
62
625g
2,563 k/cal
TOTAL
FAT
Location
Subcutaneous & Visceral
Intramuscular
TOTAL
Kcal
7,800
73,320
161
1,513
7,961g
74,833 k/cal
Glucose & Glycogen are much more readily available than FAT
provides a much larger source of fuel
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NUTRITION FUELING PROTOCOL

<120 Minutes
12
Primary fuel is glycogen (depending on intensity of event for the individual)

Hydration goal should be 16-20 oz. per hour w/ temps under 80 degrees
2-4 Hours
Glycogen is depleted (this is a clue that nutrition planning needs to happen long
before this point)
Fueling transitions from glycogen to glucose and fat
Have a target of specific fuels that work for YOU and stick to it.
Gels?
Fats (Good Fat vs Bad Fat, medium chain triglycerides)
Protein (What sources are optimal and can you handle? Chicken Breast, Whey,
Casein?)
All?
Electrolytes begin to have larger role
Activities under 90-120 minutes require no additional calories. Length of event will determine sources of calories. Higher intensity events will draw down glycogen stores faster
than lower intensity efforts.
NUTRITION FUELING PROTOCOL
4 Hours+
13
Intensity is less
Fat becomes primary source of fuel
CHO must continue if you already started (the vicious cycle)
Electrolytes must be replaced 500-2000 mg per hour
12-18 Hours+
CHO contributes less vs. much higher at lower more intense levels
PRO is a necessity
Fat bears most of the energy
Electrolytes and water prescription remains same as 412 hr. markers
Potassium should be replaced 1X every 3-4 hrs (via electrolytes or banana)
Longer efforts will feature lower heart rates allowing for ability to digest PRO and FAT in
addition to CHO. While these are very good guidelines, nutrition is very personal and must
be tested in training under various conditions.
HYDRATION HIGHLIGHTS
For most athletes training/racing over 60 minutes at 72-76 degrees, 16-20 oz. per
hour is an adequate target
To confirm targets for higher temperatures, please visit this consumption
calculator.
With a 3% loss of water dehydration occurs.
12
The Paleo Diet for Athletes, Cordain, 2005
13
The Paleo Diet for Athletes, Cordain, 2005
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Dehydration Levels
<2% Manageable loss
5-6% Sleepiness, headaches, nausea, tingling in arms
10-15% Muscles lose control, hearing impaired, dim vision
15% Death
Nutrition is only 1/3 of your fueling strategy. Hydration and electrolyte management are
the other 2. Drinking half your bodyweight in water should be an everyday hydration
strategy (i.e. 150lb person should be drinking 75 oz. per day)
ELECTROLYTE HIGHLIGHTS
Electrolyte management is vital in endurance efforts
Both under and over prescription of electrolytes can be fatal
Hyponatremia- Caused by sodium loss in blood due to under consumption of
electrolytes usually due to indulgence of water. In extreme cases, this sodium free
blood travels to the brain, permeates brain cells, causes brain swelling and causes
death.
Hypernatremia- Is caused by an elevated level of sodium in the blood. While over
consumption can be a driver of this condition, it is more commonly associated
with dehydration as the increased level of sodium is more often caused by a lack
of water ingestion.
Electrolytes are the glue for your hydration strategywithout them, hydration will not
be retained by the body. This can result in dehydration and sub par performance
ELECTROLYTE MANAGEMENT
Electrolyte management can be very personal and can vary dramatically from
athlete to athlete.
The only way to confirm ones electrolyte needs is to perform a sweat rate test.
Alberto Salazar (one of Americas greatest marathoners) lost over 80 oz. of sweat
per hour.
Sweat Rate Protocol
Weigh yourself without clothes
Perform a 60 minute time trial at goal race pace in a temperature controlled
environment
Weigh yourself after effort
Subtract 1 lb for every 16 oz. of water consumed during time trial
Once you have confirmed total weight loss, you can then correlate each pound
lost with the following loss in electrolytes:
220mg of Sodium
63mg of Potassium
8mg of Magnesium
16mg of Calcium
Performance of this protocol is critical to determine your athletes personal sweat rate and
should be treated with as much reverence as any time trial effort.
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Table 3.
ELECTROLYTE GUIDELINES
Electrolyte
Role
Target Dose per 8 oz of

water
Daily Performance Target
Sodium
Muscle Contraction Nerve

Transmission
150-250mg
1500-4500mg
Chloride
Peak Muscle Function
45-75mg
45-75 mg
Potassium
Muscle Contraction Nerve

Transmission Glycogen
Formation
50-80mg
2500-4000mg
Magnesium
Muscle Relaxation ATP

Production
20-30mg
400-800mg
Calcium
Bone Health Nerve Transmission Muscle Contraction
10-15mg
1200-1600mg
Sodium is the major driver of electrolyte success, but the others must be tended to as well. Saltstick.com is our
preferred choice as its potency and electrolyte proportions are identical to sweat.
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SMR & MOBILITY

SELF MYOFASCIAL RELEASE (SMR)
SMR is a soft tissue therapy used to treat pain and dysfunctional tissue.
Improve mobility of tissues (sliding surfaces)
Relaxing contracted muscles (trigger points)
Increasing blood flow
Lymphatic drainage
Stimulating the stretch reflex
Fascia
Connective tissue surrounding muscles, bones and joints
Foam rollers, Yoga Tune Up balls, massage stick, rumble rollers, etc.
Table 4.
KEYS TO SUCCESSFUL SMR
Consistency
One treatment will not fix your problems. You must make it a habit.
Pain is not the goal
SMR is uncomfortable, but not a toughness test.
Upstream/Downstream
Must treat areas above and below the problem area.
Supplemental treatment
Just beating up your tissues is not enough. Dont forget to address technique,
mobility, and ROM.
SMR KEY AREAS
Lower Leg (front/back)
Hamstring (insertion)
Quadriceps
Adductors
IT Band/Lateral Hip Rotators
Lumbar Spine
2 Balls Taped Together
Plantar foot
Calf
Quadriceps
IT Band/Lateral Hip
Hip External
Hip External Rotators
Lumbar
Thoracic Spine
Spinal Erectors
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TRAINING THE ENDURANCE ATHLETE

TRADITIONAL
LSD is defined as long, slow, distance and features either a time or distance measure
of progress. This effort level is rarely if ever above 70% and time/ distance increases 10%
every week for 3 weeks then decreases 15%, repeated until top distance/time achieved;
Periodization.
CROSSFIT
Constantly Varied, Functional Movement at High Intensity It is broad, and seeks use of
all domains with intensity rarely below 80%.
CROSSFIT ENDURANCE
1st Word = CrossFit, 2nd Word = Endurance: Refers to cardio respiratory endurance, or
ones ability to maintain aerobically for desired time. CFE: brings a structured strength and
conditioning to sport!
Traditional endurance modalities are reduced to a discipline performed longer or farther
than the week before at an intensity level that is almost always conversational and rarely
intense. CrossFit Endurance builds on a CrossFit base through increased stamina efforts
(time trials, intervals).
AEROBIC TRAINING
Benefits
Increased cardiovascular function
Better fat utilization
Greater capillarization
Increased mitochondrial growth
Drawbacks
Decreased muscle mass
Decreased strength
Decreased power
Decreased speed
Decreased anaerobic capacity
Decreased testosterone /hormone levels
Extended fatigue
Traditional, monostructural aerobic training offers many cardiovascular and fat burning
advancements, but at a cost of significant decreases in many anaerobic functions.
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ANAEROBIC TRAINING
Benefits
Increased cardiovascular function
Decreased body fat
Increased muscle mass
Increased strength
Increased power
Increased speed
Increased aerobic capacity
Greater capillarization
Increased mitochondrial growth
Drawbacks
Might require an aerobic foundation depending on sport
Increased intensity
Skill should be understood/trained
Contrary to public belief, anaerobic training expands aerobic capacity as well as increases
and fuels muscular endurance activity. Either system overdone, will cook the athlete.
ENERGY SYSTEMS
At the highest intensity, from sprints less than 10s to endurance events greater than 30min, each of the energy systems is
contributing to the total energy needs of the body. The aerobic
system might be dominant at a longer duration but the anaerobic glycolytic system contributes some energy also. Pending the
activity/sport all of the energy pathways are frequently utilized.
Traditional protocols tend to ignore phosphagen, glycolytic and
lactic pathway development.
AEROBIC TRAININGA REVIEW
Traditional Model
1. Volume
2. Intensity
3. Technique/Skill
Figure 8.
CFE Model
1. Technique/Skill
2. Intensity
3. Volume
Traditional protocols simply add more time and volume to periodize ones body to be able
to race that time or distance. The roles of intensity and technique are distant 2nd and 3rd
place.
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ENDURANCE
Cardio respiratory
How long can you go aerobically for a desired amount of time?
14
You can build your Cardio Respiratory system with Stamina & Intervals.
Endurance: the ability for one to maintain aerobically for desired amount of
distance or time. It also refers to suffering... Or ones ability to deal with pain!
The breakdown of your body in an endurance event has nothing to do with
aerobic activity though. This is a strength and conditioning issue.
Stamina: simply put is the ability to prolong a very stressful situation. It
requires the ability to use all energy systems.
Stamina as gears on a car. We must develop all pathways in much the
same way a powerlifter must develop speed strength, strength speed, power,
strength, etc.
In a nutshell, some people bake Thanksgiving turkeys for 3 hours, others deep fry them
for 15 minutes but still get the same result! We do the same with endurance athletes, high
intensity achieves aerobic performance while building anaerobic capacity. We mesh the
two together.
ANAEROBIC BACKED UP
www.zone5endurance.com
Lydiard A, Running to the Top, Meyers and Meyers Spor t, 1995, pgs. 41, 78, & 105
Maffetone P, Training for Endurance; Guide for Triathletes, Runners, & Cyclists
David Barmore Productions, 1996, pg 78
Burgomaster K, Hughes S, Heigenhauser G, Bradwell S, Gibala M. Six Sessions of
sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance
capacity in humans J Appl Physiol 98: 1985-1990, 2005
Coyle, E. Very intense exercise-training is extremely potent and time efficient: a
reminder J Appl Physiol 98: 1983-1984, 2005
Runners Train Less and Be Faster:
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091111122026.htm
For athletes looking for both diagnostic results and real world insights, the sources
above will offer them the examples they are interested in. Endurance Programming
14
Tabata Protocol (13.8% increase in VO2 over 6 weeks)
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ENDURANCE PROGRAMMING
Who is the athlete?
Time trials define us. We must establish a series of time trial efforts that will define
our starting point.
Athlete History (experience, bio markers, performance markers, life/schedule).
What is the commitment level?
How much time is the athlete willing to commit?
What is the level of discipline they are prepared to commit to changing the way
they eat?
Are they prepared to commit to recovery protocols as aggressively as training
protocols?
What is the athletes primary goal?
Make the athlete define successsimply finishing a marathon is a dramatically
different goal than breaking 3 hours. Participating and Racing are 2 different
things!
Before we establish any training program, we must define a starting point, commitment
level and objective. Establishing a defined goal is critical to make sure that the coach and
athlete are aligned in terms of mutually defined success criteria.
DEFINING THE ATHLETE
Who is your Athlete? What are their sport specific goals?
Time trial, i.e., 5k run, 500yd swim, 20-40k bike.
Benchmark WODs accurate indicator of different time domains/distances.
The CF/CFE training protocol can be very dangerous if simply entered into without the
proper awareness of current physical capability and skill sets. Establishing a beginning is
critical in sharing progress with the athlete as the training protocol and goal setting steps
are introduced.
PROGRAMMING THE ATHLETE
Regardless of goal, all athletes must execute a base regimen of 4-6 CrossFit WODs per
week.
CrossFit is the foundation of CFE training.
CrossFit is not 4-5 metcons per week, it is constantly varied, functional movement
performed at high intensity.
Once our baseline of fitness has been established, we build upon it with
incremental CFE WODs designed to build stamina and cardio respiratory
endurance.
Progression is keyvery few, if any traditionally trained endurance athletes can
simply jump into CF and begin properly executing 4-6 CF WODs per week.
Pancake analogywhat is in a pancake? (eggs, flour, water, vanilla, cinnamon, baking
soda). If you remove the flour and baking soda, do you still have a pancake? No. If an
athlete simply does 2 CF WODs per week and continues to train the way they used to, they
are not training with CF/CFE.
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PROGRAMMING CONTENT
There are 3 buckets of CF content
Metabolic Conditioning
Gymnastics
Weightlifting
There are 4 buckets of longevity of CF content
Phosphagen
Glycolytic
Lactic
Oxidative
All of these variables must be executed to optimize performance
1-1-1-1-1-1-1 Deadlifts is a complete WOD!
Murph is just as valuable as any other appropriate CF WOD
One can target 2 metcons, 2 weightlifting and 2 gymnastic based WODs, but remember,
routine is the enemy! There is no right path, however, there are many wrong paths (constant metcons, constant heavy weight training).
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Table 5.
EXERCISES BY MODALITY
15
Gymnastics
Metabolic Conditioning
Weightlifting
Air-Squat
Run
Deadlifts
Pull-ups
Bike
Cleans
Push-up
Row
Presses
Dip
Jump Rope
Snatch
Handstand Push-up
Clean and Jerk
Rope Climb
Medicine Ball Drills
Muscle-Up
Kettlebell Swing
Press to Handstand
Back Extension
Sit-up
Jumps
Lunges
These buckets offer a multitude of variety and functional movement that should all be programmed and incorporated
into any CFE athletes regimen.
Table 6.
WORKOUT STRUCTURE
Days
Single-Elements Days (1,

5, 9)
16
Two-Element Days (2, 6,

10)
Three-Element Days (3,

7, 11)
Priority
Element Priority
Task Priority
Time Priority
Structure (set structure)
M: Single Effort
G: High Skill
W: Single Lift
Couplet repeated 3-5 times

for time
Triplet repeated for 20

minutes for rotations
(intensity)
M: Long, Slow Distance

G: High Skill
W: Heavy
Two moderately to
intensely challenging
elements
Three lightly to moderately

challenging elements
Workout Recovery
Character
Recovery not a limiting

factor
Work/rest interval
management critical
Work/rest interval marginal

factor
As we customize our programming, recovery and skill development will vary from athlete to athletethe above
construct is a format from which to draw more inspiration and direction to help prioritize progress.
15
Glassman, G. 2003. Theoretical Template for CrossFits Programming.
16
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Table 7.
3 DAYS ON, 1 DAY OFF
DAY
17
10
11
12
OFF
OFF
OFF
M
5 DAYS ON, 2 DAYS OFF
G
18
DAY
wk1
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
W
wk2
M
wk3
G
Modalities
M = monostructural metabolic conditioning or cardio
G = gymnastics, bodyweight exercises
W = weightlifting, powerlifting and Olympic lifts
As programming can vary drastically and be very intimidating to some coaches, this
framework suggests various protocols for both 3:1 and 5:2 work to rest ratios.
17
18
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PROGRAMMING CONTENT
CrossFit Endurance Content
Running duration is from :20 to 1.5-2 hrs
Interval sessions vary from :20 to 10-12 minutes
Time trial efforts can range from as low as 10 minutes to 2 hrs
CrossFit athletes will need to learn pacing, CFE athletes will need to learn intensity
Cycling duration is from :20 to 1.5-2 hrs
Interval sessions vary from :20 to 15-20 minutes
Time trial efforts can range from as low as 10 minutes to 2 hrs
Intensity and resistance should be added as desired
Swimming duration is from :20 to 45 mins
Time trial efforts range from 5 minutes up to 45
Intervals range from Tabata up to 3-4 minutes
Intensity should not compromise technique with any movement, but especially so
in swimming
These time frames are for roughly 80-90% of your athlete population. Deviation from
these frames should only be exercised as your athlete can recover appropriatelyor to
test nutrition protocols.
HOW WE ADDRESS VOLUME AND DURATION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OR
TRAINING?
Group Rides/Runs: they should be incorporated 3-5x a month pending the sport
and race objective. Purpose: to get race simulation and random intervals to mimic
race conditions.
Longer duration/aerobic days: just as important to experience how to default back
to skill and technique.
Longer duration/aerobic days are also beneficial for allowing body to adapt to
being in the saddle longer or being on your feet more.
The Mental/Emotional State longer days help to acclimate your mind to
establishing a focus and acuity for demands of being out longer.
The Key: there is purpose and intent to longer days and this is also a skill to be
continually developed.
Longer Days are beneficial providing they are integrated into a well-thought program
with proper progressions. These days should be timed and recorded like any other
training day.
TEMPO VS. TIME TRIALS
Tempo: a percentage of ones pace or a specific pace outlined for a given period of time in
a workout.
Example: If you can run a 5k at a 6 min mile pace and instead of having you run
hard, we have you run a 5k at 7:30 mile pace.
This is not just limited to this type of run or distance. You could can also add
tempo sections to longer runs.
Example: 10k @ 7:30 pace w/ every odd 1k @ 6:30 pace.
Time Trial: Race Pace effort for that distance/time.
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Table 8.
BEGINNER WEEK CFESINGLE SPORT
Monday
Tuesday
StrengthME
CF
Wednesday
Thursday
StrengthME
CF
CF
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
CF
OFF
StrengthDE
OFF
CF
2045 mins
Skills & Drills
2045 mins
Skills & Drills
2045 mins
Skills & Drills
SI:
Repeat 200m,
recover
2:00 until
form/pace
deteriorates
LI:
Repeat 800m,
recover
2:00 until
form/pace
deteriorates
T/TT
5k TT
BEGINNER WEEK CFE3 SPORT

Monday
Tuesday
StrengthME
Wednesday
Thursday
StrengthME
CF
CF
CF
2045 mins
Skills & Drills
2045 mins
Skills & Drills
2045 mins
Skills & Drills
SI:
SWIM
Repeat 50m,
recover
2:00 until
form/pace
deteriorates
SI:
BIKE
Repeat 1K,
recover
2:00 until
form/pace
deteriorates
SI:
RUN
Repeat 200m,
recover
2:00 until
form/pace
deteriorates
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
CF
OFF
OFF
2045 mins
Skills & Drills
20-45 mins
Skills & Drills
2045 mins
Skills & Drills
LI:
SWIM
Repeat 800m,
recover
2:00 until
form/pace
deteriorates
T/TT
BIKE
T/TT
RUN
20M @ 85%
RACE PACE
5k TT
StrengthDE
OFF
OFF
SINGLE SPORT ENDURANCE

46 CrossFit Workouts Per Week
23 Endurance Workout Per Week
One Short Interval
One Long Interval
One Tempo/TT (Rotate each week)
If the athlete can only complete 2 Endurance WODs a week alternate the type of WODs
completed. Always include short interval as one of the WOD types completed.
MULTI SPORT ENDURANCE
46 CrossFit Workouts Per Week
Depends on Athlete
12 Endurance Workouts Per Sport, Per Week
One Short Interval
One Long Interval or One Tempo/TT (Rotate each week)
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Table 9.
BUILD WEEK 4-5 (HAL HIGDON NOVICE)
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Rest
3 Mile Run
4 Mile Run
3 Mile Run
Rest
9 Mile Run
Crosstrain
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Rest
3 Mile Run
5 Mile Run
3 Mile Run
Rest
10 Mile Run
Crosstrain
BUILD WEEK 4-5 CFE

Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
CF
CF
CF
Off
CF
CF
Off
SI:
Repeat
400m, recover
2:00 until
form/pace
deteriorates
LI:
Repeat 800m,
recover
2:30 until
form/pace
deteriorates
T/TT
8M TT
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
CF
CF
CF
Off
CF
CF
Off
LI:
Repeat 1km,
recover 3:00
until form/pace
deteriorates
SI:
Repeat 200m,
recover
:90 until
form/ pace
deteriorates
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T/TT
10k @ 85%
race pace
SEMINAR
Table 10.
SINGLE SPORT TAPER PROTOCOL
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
CF
CF
CF
Off
CF
Off
Off
SI
25-40 mins
Of each sport,
70% effort
LI
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
5 x 3 Back
Squat
<10:00 CF
WOD
Off
Off
Off
Race Day
CFE S&C
Recovery
8 x 200m @
70%
20:00 easy run

or Tabata @
80%
Unlike traditional tapers, the CF/CFE oxidative pathway is not severely damaged, so 2-3 week tapers are not needed.
Tapers are very personal, but this model should provide a very good model to follow. If your athlete feels any fatigue or
lethargy, send them home.
TRIATHLON TAPER PROTOCOL
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
CF
CF
CF
Off
CF
Off
Off
SI
LI
25-40 mins
Of each sport,
70% effort
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
5 x 3 Back
Squat
<10:00 CF
WOD
Off
Off
Off
Race Day
CFE S&C
Recovery
Weakness: 8 x
200m @ 70%
Brick: Run/Bike
800m Run,
3- 4M Bike @
race pace
The triathlon taper is virtually identical with only minor changes on Sunday/ Thursday before race day.
STRENGTH & CONDITIONING RECOVERY
3 x 15 Glute Ham Developer Sit-ups (make sure you are extending knees
aggressively to come up your quads should also burn on this).
3 x 15 Glute Ham Developer hip extensions (hamstrings and butt should burn)
3 x 15 Kettlebell/Dumbbell Swings
3 x 15 Bench Press
3 x 15 Pull Ups
Why? To accelerate recovery & get rear chain/hips to open up and mobilized. All exercises with lightmedium weight. 3 sets! Reps are until you feel burn in target area or
prescribed amountThis is not a timed WOD.
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LEARNING TO DO IT FASTER
Examples of why training load or speed should increase:
Intervals become easier
Quicker recovery
Athlete gets faster at interval training
Athlete is faster at time trials or PRs a swim, bike, run
Athlete PRs benchmark WOD
Athlete continues to get stronger
Programming is very personal and needs to be tailored to the athletes goals, athletic
background and ability to recover. Tools like https://www.mcmillanrunning.com/ can be
used to benchmark efforts and track progress against predetermined goals.
LEARNING TO DO IT FASTER
Examples of why training load or speed should decrease:
Intervals become slower
Slower recovery daily or between sessions/intervals
Athlete gets slower at interval training
Athlete is slower at time trials or specific swim, bike, run
Athletes benchmark WODs continue to get slower
Athletes strength continues to deteriorate
Poor technique, fatigue and inability to hit certain WOD performance are all metrics of too
much load. Good coaches will not be afraid to pull back work load to allow athletes to get
stronger. It is physically impossible to get stronger trainingwe only get stronger when
we rest (HGH is only secreted when we sleep).
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ENDURANCE
POST-SEMINAR
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POST-SEMINAR
6 WEEK HOMEWORK VIDEO LINKS

Week #1 Using Turnover
Week #2
Week #3
Week #4
Week #5 Using Turnover/ Cadence
Week #6 Re-test
Questions?
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POST-SEMINAR
6 WEEKS OF RUN TECHNIQUE (HOMEWORK)

(You will need a Tempo Trainer or Seiko Metronome) use 60-120 second recoveries
between repeats.
RUN INTERVALS: WEEK 1: 3XS PER WEEK

3 Running drills:
Ball of foot hops with forward lean 3 x 3
Wall Drill: 3 x 20 on each leg
Forward Lunge (exaggerated foot pulls on one side) 3 x 10 each
2xs Through of:
4 x 30 sec @ 94-96 cadence
1 drill (choice)
1 x 2 min @ 91 cadence
RUN INTERVALS: WEEK 2: 2-3XS PER WEEK

3 Running drills:
Ball of foot hops with forward lean 3 x 10
Wall Drill: 3 x 20 on each leg.
2xs Through of:
4 x 1 minute repeats @ 96 cadence
1 x 4 minutes @ 91 cadence
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POST-SEMINAR

4 Running drills:
Stable Arm Drill x 3
Carioca: 3 x 10 both directions
1x through of:
4 x 1min 30sec repeats @ 98 cadence
1 drill (choice)

3 Running drills:
Stable Arm Drill
1x through of:
4 x 1min 30sec repeats @ 100 cadence
1 drill (choice) between
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POST-SEMINAR

3 Running drills:
Stable Arm Drill
Wall Drills: 3 x 20 on each leg
1x through of:
4 x 1min 30sec repeats @ 101 cadence, rest 2 minutes in between each repeat
1 x 6 minutes @ 92-94 cadence (find where you are comfortable)

3 Running drills:
Stable Arm Drill
Wall Drills: 3 x 20 on each leg
1x through of:
4 x 1min 30sec repeats @ 102 cadence w/ 2 min rest between repeat
1 x 6 minutes @ 92-94 cadence (find where you are comfortable)
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POST-SEMINAR
TEMPO TRAINER RUNNING CADENCE CHART

Table 11.
TT Setting
Cadence
.67
90
.66
91
.65
92
.64
94
.63
95
.62
97
.61
99
.60
100
.59
101
.58
102
.57
105
.56
107
.55
109
Minimum cadence needed to receive the benefits of

ground reaction force and muscle elasticity is 90.
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POST-SEMINAR
RUNNING TECHNIQUE BASIC DRILLS SHEET

DRILLS
Body Weight Awareness Drills Where your body weight goes you move.
Stand in good posture on balls. Shift BW in different directions until body moves in that
direction Partner version. Stand in good posture and partner pushes athlete in different
directions.
BODY ALIGNMENT DRILLS
Hops (like jump roping). Do correctly and incorrectly. Correct: neutral hips, head on spine,
knees slightly bend, landing on balls without lower leg activation Incorrect: chin forward,
head in front, bent at the hips, on toes, on heels.
POSE/POSTURE DRILLS:
Stand up straight with head on spine line and hips straight. Feet should be shoulder width
with weight on balls. Knees are slightly bent. Figure 4 Pose on left and right (In front of
mirror). Check Posture. 60/60 Do 60 pulls in 60 seconds holding perfect pose on each step.
PULLING DRILLS:
Single Leg Track lift (to figure 4). Pull heel up track of other leg.
CADENCE:
Pull & Fall. 1-2. Pull hamstring of support leg, then let other foot fall Incorrect pulling: foot
back no knee lift. Knee up foot in front of hips.
FALLING DRILLS:
Hops w/ lean (no bending at waist) Fall into wall or pole from ankles. Release weight from
the ball of the foot. Accelerator Drill Start running in place by Pulling. Add lean to fall
into forward movement. Pull back up to vertical until running in place again. Repeat fall
and level out several times.
SHARPENING & AWARENESS DRILLS:
Arms in front (straight out) Charlies Angels Drill No waging or bouncing. Helps with feeling of falling and not over-reaching. Arms in back Helps feeling of falling forward and not
overreaching with the foot in front Two Fingers on Belly Button Centering exercise Focus
on movement of GCM. Not bouncing. Analogy: Model or waitress. Be a Hovercraft.
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BEGINNER RUNNING PRACTICES

8 x 200m maintaining form and having no more then 2-3 sec deviation in time. Perform
the following:
Wall Drill + 2 x 200m rec 1 min between each
Carioca + 2 x 200m rec 1 min between each
Forward Lunge + 2 x 200m rec 1 min between each
Stable Arm Drill + 2 x 200m rec 1 min between each
3 x (2 x 400 + 800) rec 1-2 min between 400s and 800
#1 @ marathon Pace
#2 @ Half Marathon Pace
#3 @ 10K pace
3 x (200 + 400 + 600) rest 1- 2 min between each distance
#1 Slowest
#2 Second Fastest
#3 Fastest times of entire set
Overtraining = Not able to maintain desired technique and pace
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POST-SEMINAR
ADVANCED RUNNING PRACTICES

TABATA INTERVALS ON TREADMILL OR ROAD/TRACK
8 rounds of 20 seconds running + 10 seconds rest at 12% Grade and best 5k Pace. If you
cannot hold pace for entire Tabata slow it .5 mph. This will be an indication that you are
lacking in cardio-respiratory endurance. Running hills will make you not only a stronger runner, but also a faster runner. On a road or track go 20 seconds all out and rest 10
seconds. Then turn around and try and match that distance repeating the process for 8
rounds.
8 X 200M REPEATS
Progression for speed Maintaining form you want to be able to hold the fastest pace
possible and have the ability to recover and repeat. You also want the ability to hold or
descend each 200, not slow down. This can be used at the end of weekend slowed down
by 10-15 sec, followed by a recovery strength set. Recovery: start w/ 90sec progress to
30sec.
4X 400M REPEATS (CAN ADVANCE UP TO 10 X 400M)
by 10-15 sec, followed by a recovery strength set. Recovery: Start w/ 3 min progress to
60-45sec.
3 X 800 (CAN ADVANCE UP TO 5 X 800M)
by 10-15 sec, followed by a recovery strength set. Recovery: Start w/ 3 min progress to
60sec.
4-5 X 1000M/1K
descend each 1000/1k, not slow down. This can be used at the end of weekend slowed
down by 10-15 sec, followed by a recovery strength set. Recovery: Start w/ 3 min progress
to 60sec.
2 X 200, 2 X 400, 2 X 1K
descend each 200, then each 400, then each 1k, not slow down. Recovery: Start w/ 3 min
progress to 60sec for each set.
5 X 800
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POST-SEMINAR
by 10-15 sec (no closer then 2 weeks out from a race), followed by a recovery strength set.
Recovery: Start w/ 3 min progress to 60sec.
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POST-SEMINAR
DISTANCE SETS
(instead of long slow distance)
Have the ability to hold or maintain pace. This can apply to road, trail, track, or if needed
(not recommended) treadmill. These are advanced sets and if they are set too fast they/
you will not recover and will not make the interval. These should not be used until the
individual is ready to handle! So all of the prior interval sets have been met.
2 - 3 X 2 MILE
I like to do these mid week, and the same principles apply as the above stated.
Also, keep in mind your cadence and form needs to be maintained for all sets. Recovery:
Start w/ 10 min progress to 2min.
2 - 4 X 5K
I like to do these on the weekend, and the same principles apply as the above stated. Also,
keep in mind your cadence and form needs to be maintained for all sets. 6-3 weeks out
form a race. Followed the next day by one of the other interval sets, and Strength & Conditioning Recovery. Recovery: Start w/ 15 min, progress to 3-5 min.
STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RECOVERY

This can and should be done the day of races, after long runs, or on Sundays after interval work. Restores the body back to its normal functioning stature post race. Glute Ham
Developer Sit-ups (make sure you are extending knees aggressively to come up... your
quads should also burn on this) 3 x 15, Glute Ham Developer hip extensions (hamstrings
and butt should burn), Kettlebell/Dumbbell swings 3 x 15, Bench Press, Pull-ups All
exercises with light - medium weight. 3 sets! Reps are until you feel burn in target area or
prescribed amount.
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POST-SEMINAR
RACE WARM-UP & PACING STRATEGIES

It is important to treat your race much like you were treating your training. Your training
should have been serious enough that your diet was built for optimum performance and
limited in grains processed foods, if not void of them. You should have gotten the best
possible rest and recovery. Along with all of this, you should have warmed up properly
before each workout in order to give 100% at each training session. None of this should
change come race day!
Warm-up The basic idea of the shorter the race, the longer the warm-up is a good concept to go by. If it takes you a while to get going, then a longer warm-up may be necessary for a 5 or 10K. For longer races you should look at the first few miles of your race as a
continuation of your warm- up and not start out too hot. When getting into ultra distance
events the first few miles should definitely be the warm up. There is no reason intensity in
an event that is going to take 6 plus hours should be high at the beginning of an event like
these.
For 5k to marathon... Start about 15-30 minutes to race time Run 5-10 minutes EZ to elevate HR and warm muscles. Do 4-8 x 100m pick-ups. Build EZ leg speed without too much
effort. These can be done right in front of the starting line with about 5 minutes to race
start. This will keep your HR up near where it will be for the race. It will shock your system
if you are standing around for 10 minutes before the race with a little to no exertion, only
to ramp it up to almost max effort immediately.
Get your system ready to go hard by elevating exertion levels before race start so that
once you begin it isnt a shock.
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POST-SEMINAR
RACE STRATEGIES TO HIT YOUR GOAL TIME

Choose a goal time that is reasonable for you to achieve on that particular course and time
of season. Input your PR in a recent time trial into the McMillan Run Calculator (Google it)
for an accurate display of where you should finish. Be prepared to modify the goal time if
conditions are tougher than usual, you are dealing with sickness, or some other issue that
may affect peak performance. The goal should be to run the best possible race you can for
THAT day, which means it might not necessarily be a PR for you to be happy with it.
ADDITIONAL TIPS
Try to get your mile splits on your watch. If you wear a watch that has lap times on it
(highly recommended) you can hit splits at each mile marker. This allows you to see where
you are in terms of time. Knowing if youve been 5 seconds fast or 10 seconds slow each of
the last 3 miles still gives you a parameter for actual race time (plus or minus). Remember
this is an endurance event (ENDURE!) not Fran. You will suffer the consequences of too fast
a start if you dont watch it.
Evaluating the data after the race will help you set goals and racing strategies for your
next event.
Here is a link to a Running Pace Chart to help you figure things out.
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POST-SEMINAR
RUNNING TECHNIQUE SHEET

Name: Date:
Scoring: 0-10 (0=Not at all, 10=Perfect)
POSTURE
Neutral Head Position
Straight Pillar
Slightly leaning forward
Relaxed shoulders
Elbow bent more than 90 degrees

RHYTHM & TIMING
Arms swing front to back
Relaxed face
90+ cadence
Floating head (not bouncing)

TECHNIQUE
Heels lift straight up toward butt
Figure 4 position (Pose)
Landing midfoot directly beneath knee

ERRORS
Knees straightened Feet on ground for too long
Shopping Cart Position (Bending at waist)
Over pulling (heel too close to butt)
Under-pulling (not high enough)
Pushing (over extending the leg in back)
Pronation Supination
Loud feet
COMMENTS:

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POST-SEMINAR
CROSSFIT ENDURANCE WARM-UP

1. Complete 15 push-ups. Each repetition should be completed using
a different hand position full range of motion.
2. Alternating Plank Lunge. Get into a plank position and bring your
right foot to the outside of your right hand; press hips forward and
keep the back leg as straight as possible. Repeat with your left side.
Figure 9.
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POST-SEMINAR
3. Alternating Open Chest Plank Lunge. Repeat the steps for Plank
Lunge, but after placing your leg next to your hand bring your hands
behind your head and open up the chest like you are performing a
lunge from a standing position. Focus on pressing hips forward and
keeping back leg straight.
Figure 10.
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POST-SEMINAR
4. Plank Lunge to Perfect Squat. Repeat the steps for Plank Lunge
after placing your right leg next to your right hand, bring your left leg
next to your left hand. Push your knees out, and perform a perfect
squat from the bottom squat position. Walk your hands out to plank
and repeat.
Figure 11.
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POST-SEMINAR
5. Walking Downward Dog: Get into a downward dog position. Keeping your legs as
straight as possible and maintaining a lumbar curve arched (a lack of
flexibility will make this difficult), drive your heels into the ground and
begin walking forward and then backward. Focus on keeping the legs
straight and heels on the ground; tight calves and/or tight hamstrings
will definitely be felt!
Figure 12.
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POST-SEMINAR
FOOT EXERCISES
The foot exercises include lateral to BOF (Ball of Foot) ankle rotations,
medial to BOF ankle rotations, internal rotation of the feet stretch,
external rotation of the feet stretch.
Figure 13.
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Another foot exercise can be described as follows: place the right heel at the edge of the
right edge of the left foot; keeping the right leg straight and bending the left leg, lean into
the right leg as you feel the stretch pulling your right toe up if flexibility permits. Repeat
with the left side.
Figure 14.
Next, place the right heel on top of the left foot and rock back and forth moving from heel
on the left with an active, dorsiflexed foot, to BOF on the left applying pressure down with
the right. Repeat with the other side.
Figure 15.
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POST-SEMINAR
Finally, staying on the BOF on your right, take your left foot and reach
across as though you are picking up marbles or pieces of string. Repeat
with the left. This will burn out the planted foot.
Figure 16.
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POST-SEMINAR
CROSSFIT ENDURANCE RUNNING DRILLS

BALL OF FOOT(BOF)
is also referred to as the mid foot. It is the area forward of the arch,
before the toes and it is where we land while running. Stand with
upright, correct posture. Feet are shoulder width apart, knees are soft.
Midline is tight with neutral hips. Head is on spine line (chin is not
jutted out in front) and vision is forward. Arms are at 90 degree angle
and shoulders are back and relaxed. Start hopping in place while holding posture 10-20 hops. Add a lean forward from the ankles and hop
forward for 10 hops. Repeat 3x.
WHY?
This is an important drill as it teaches the client where to land while
running as well as how to fall forward while maintaining tight midline.
COMMON MISTAKES
Landing too far forward on the foot (toe running). Not letting the heel
kiss the ground while on BOF. Staring at the ground or leaning too
far forward.
FIXING THE MISTAKES
Returning client to perfect posture and find the ball of foot.
Figure 17.
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POSTURE DRILL
Stand up straight with head on spine line and hips straight. Abdominals are
contracted and tight. Feet should be shoulder width with body weight on the
ball of foot. Lift one leg off ground and pull up under the glutes, standing leg
has body weight on ball of foot. Figure 4. Arms are at 90 degree angle, shoulders are relaxed and chest is out.
WHY?
Learning the correct posture will minimize the common running injuries as
well as make the client a more efficient runner.
COMMON MISTAKES
Jutting the neck out in front of the spine line or holding chin up (looking up).
Shrugging shoulders or rounding shoulders forward. Lifting knees up too
hight in front (using the hip flexors), or letting the foot trail out behind.
FIXING THE MISTAKES
Going over correct posture, as well as introducing the other drills will generally correct the failure to find the Figure 4 position. Maintaining a tight
midline is crucial as well.
Figure 18.
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WALL DRILLS
LEAN INTO WALL
Stand with straight posture and stable midline. Shoulders are relaxed
and back while holding hips neutral. Extend arms straight out and
fall forward into the wall maintaining rigid body. Keep vision straight
and dont look down at the ground. Run in place, pulling feet off the
ground in the Figure 4.
BACK TO WALL
Stand with back and feet a few inches out from the wall. Posture is
straight and weight is on ball of foot. Pull the right foot off the ground
using the hamstring to the Figure 4 posture, and return to BOF. Any
push off with the foot instead of lifting will result in hitting the wall
behind. Perform 20 pulls with each foot.
WHY?
These drills teach how to fall into forward movement, holding the
Figure 4 posture. As well as how to pull the foot off the ground using
the hamstring without pushing off to gain distance.
COMMON MISTAKES
Breaking at the hips (butt back, chest dipped forward), pulling
knees too high up, pulling foot too high, letting foot trail out behind
you (not under your butt). Help client find correct position by placing a hand at their knee level and also where their foot should be
pulling up.
Figure 19.
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STABLE ARM FALL

(aka Gun Drill) Stand in correct posture, hips neutral, knees slightly
bent and feet shoulder width apart. Shoulders are relaxed and back.
Vision is forward. Extend arms out in front of body and clasp hands
while keeping arms locked out. Begin running in place by pulling feet
off the ground in Figure 4 posture, maintaining locked out arms and
tight midline (no breaking at the waist). Fall forward at the ankles and
run while keeping arms from shifting side to side. Keep eyes forward
on target straight ahead. Standing knee stays slightly bent.
ARMS BEHIND BACK
similar drill to Stable arms, but arms are in locked out position behind
the back.
WHY?
These drills help with the feeling of falling forward and maintaining
midline stabilization without breaking at the hip.
COMMON MISTAKES
Breaking at the hip, high knees, foot trailing out behind general center
of mass, or keeping knees low as well as doing butt kickers instead of
pulling foot up under butt.
Figure 20.
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PARTNER FALL
Runner #1 stands in Figure 4 Posture while Runner #2 supports their
body weight at the shoulders, keeping them from falling. Runner #1
runs in place by pulling their feet off the ground, vision is forward.
Once Runner #2 feels their commitment to the lean he lets go, and
Runner #1 continues with a test run, holding form.
WHY?
This drill gets the client comfortable with the degree of lean needed to
obtain forward movement.
COMMON MISTAKES
Runner #1 has to severe of a lean or failure to hold correct posture by
breaking at the hip.
CORRECTING MISTAKES
Return client to perfect posture holding their weight on balls of feet.
While holding this tight posture, with hips neutral (no breaking) have
them lean all their weight into your hands as you support their weight.
Gaze should be straight ahead. As client runs in place feel their commitment to the lean. If you can push them backwards, they are not
leaning enough. Let go of runner, letting them do a test run when lean
has been obtained.
CARIOCA
Client stands with arms stretched out to sides with weight balanced
on balls of feet. While leaning in one direction criss cross the legs
in front and back while moving in the direction of the lean. Repeat in
opposite direction. Maintain tight midline, shoulders are relaxed.
WHY?
This drill enforces in the client to work with gravity to cause movement. Where your lean is, your body will go. Also teaches client to stay
on ball of foot.
COMMON MISTAKES
Leaning at your arms instead of leaning with entire body. Failure to
maintain tight midline or leaning too much. It should be a slight lean.
CORRECTING MISTAKES
Have client stand with perfect posture, midline tight and weight on
balls of feet. Remind them to lean from the hip, instead of reaching
with arms.
Figure 21.
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JUMP ROPE DRILL

With a jump rope stand in perfect posture with weight on balls of feet. Holding the midline tight, begin jumping rope and land softly on balls of feet. You
do NOT want to heel strike while jumping rope, so maintain ball of foot landing. Begin alternating feet to simulate running in place. Add a forward lean
from hips and begin running forward while jumping rope. Have client level
out and jump in place for reps, then add the forward lean for reps and repeat.
WHY?
This drill teaches the client to stay on ball of foot while running, and how to
lean from the ankles to obtain forward movement. Have client do a few jumps
while landing on their heels then perform a few jumps landing on ball of
foot. Equate this drill to the heel strike. You wouldnt land on your heels while
jumping rope. Same holds true for running.
Figure 22.
COMMON MISTAKES
Lifting the knees up too high (hip flexor running), kicking foot up too high
behind or trailing foot out away from under glutes. Landing too far out in
front of general center of mass, and heel striking.
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EXAGGERATED FORWARD LUNGE

Stand in perfect posture on balls of feet with shoulders relaxed and arms at
90 degrees. While holding midline tight, exaggerate pulling one foot off the
ground to figure 4 position while falling forward at the ankle. Perform 10
pulls on the right, then 10 pulls on the left while moving slowly forward. Over
emphasis of the pull should be a snap and be felt in the hamstring of the
active leg. Keep ankle relaxed and do not dorsi flex. As a drill, this is not meant
to be performed quickly or to cover much ground.
WHY?
This drill is for teaching client to keep the ankle relaxed while running, preventing heel striking. Also to feel the snap of the hamstring generated by the
pull off the ground.
COMMON MISTAKES
The hardest thing for most clients to do is stay relaxed at the ankle. This drill
requires a little coordination, slowing client down and pulling in place before
adding the lean helps.
CORRECTING MISTAKES
Have client perform drill while following behind them, helping them pull their
foot off the ground with your hand.
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Figure 22.

ENDURANCE
NOTES
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ENDURANCE

ENDURANCE TRAINING GUIDE

Endurance Training Guide |

BEGINNER RUNNING PRACTICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RECOVERY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Endurance Training Guide |

Endurance Training Guide |

Endurance Training Guide |

UNDERSTANDING CROSSFIT ENDURANCE

Endurance Training Guide |

dairy, no bread, no sugar, no GMO, no refined or processed foods), train

MOBILITY WOD DRILLS

Endurance Training: Decreased

Episode 142/365 Tight IT Band and Hip Flexor Fix: Runners?

Endurance Training Guide |

Endurance Training Guide |

RUNNING MECHANICS & PERFORMANCE

Endurance Training Guide |

CONVENTIONAL RUNNING THEORY

Munro et al., 1987; Weyland et al., 2000

Hunter et al., 2005

Elliot & Banksby, 1979

Endurance Training Guide |

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT MOVEMENT

Cavagna & Lafortune, 1980

Cavagna et al, 1964

Heise et al, 1996

Endurance Training Guide |

Keele, 1983: p. 173

Keele, 1983: p. 173

Endurance Training Guide |

Endurance Training Guide |

ANGLES OF FALLING: MORE FALL - MORE SPEED

Variations of Correct Running

Endurance Training Guide |

PULL: WITH HAMSTRINGS FOR CHANGE OF SUPPORT

Use ground reaction and muscle elasticity instead of muscular energy.

Endurance Training Guide |

Endurance Training Guide |

INJURY & PREVENTION

Endurance Training Guide |

DETAILED COURSE CURRICULUM

COMMON INJURIES IN RUNNING

Endurance Training Guide |

Endurance Training Guide |

LOW BACK PAIN

Endurance Training Guide |

FUELING THE ENDURANCE ATHLETE

HORMONES AND RESPONSE TO ENERGY

ENDURANCE FUELING HAS THREE SOURCES

Endurance Training Guide |

Glucose in Body Fluids

Endurance Training Guide |

NUTRITION FUELING PROTOCOL

Primary fuel is glycogen (depending on intensity of event for the individual)

The Paleo Diet for Athletes, Cordain, 2005

The Paleo Diet for Athletes, Cordain, 2005

Endurance Training Guide |

Endurance Training Guide |

Target Dose per 8 oz of