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    Wind Turbines - Components and Design Basics PDF

    Uploaded by

    Thanasate Prasongsook
    This document provides an overview of wind turbine components and design basics. It discusses the typical components of a modern wind turbine, including the blades, nacelle, tower, foundation, and electrical systems. It also outlines the primary design situations considered, such as normal operation conditions, extreme weather events, and transportation/maintenance. Finally, it discusses approaches to modeling loads and stresses on turbines from varying wind conditions, as well as the importance of considering system stiffness and vibrations to avoid dangerous resonance effects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Wind Turbines - Components and Design Basics PDF

    Uploaded by

    Thanasate Prasongsook
    276 views23 pages
    This document provides an overview of wind turbine components and design basics. It discusses the typical components of a modern wind turbine, including the blades, nacelle, tower, foundation, and electrical systems. It also outlines the primary design situations considered, such as normal operation conditions, extreme weather events, and transportation/maintenance. Finally, it discusses approaches to modeling loads and stresses on turbines from varying wind conditions, as well as the importance of considering system stiffness and vibrations to avoid dangerous resonance effects.

    Original Description:

    Descriptions of WTG components and design

    Original Title

    Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics.pdf

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    This document provides an overview of wind turbine components and design basics. It discusses the typical components of a modern wind turbine, including the blades, nacelle, tower, foundation, and electrical systems. It also outlines the primary design situations considered, such as normal operation conditions, extreme weather events, and transportation/maintenance. Finally, it discusses approaches to modeling loads and stresses on turbines from varying wind conditions, as well as the importance of considering system stiffness and vibrations to avoid dangerous resonance effects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    276 views23 pages

    Wind Turbines - Components and Design Basics PDF

    Uploaded by

    Thanasate Prasongsook
    This document provides an overview of wind turbine components and design basics. It discusses the typical components of a modern wind turbine, including the blades, nacelle, tower, foundation, and electrical systems. It also outlines the primary design situations considered, such as normal operation conditions, extreme weather events, and transportation/maintenance. Finally, it discusses approaches to modeling loads and stresses on turbines from varying wind conditions, as well as the importance of considering system stiffness and vibrations to avoid dangerous resonance effects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    Dr.-Ing. Stephan Matthiesen


    Project Management
    Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Meik Schacknies Design Department
    Paris October 2009

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    Overview
    Part I

    Overview
    Part II

    Product range

    Load assumptions for wind turbines

    Components of a wind turbine

    Loads and load cases


    Rocking spring stiffness

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    Rated power:
    Hub height:

    330 kW
    44 50 m

    Rated power:
    Hub height:

    Rated power:
    900 kW
    45 m / 55 m Hub height:

    800 kW
    50 76 m

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    Rated power:
    Hub height:

    800 kW
    73 m

    Rated power:
    Hub height:

    2.300 kW
    64 113 m

    Rated power:
    Hub height:

    2.000 kW
    78 138 m

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    Highest power producing WEC worldwide:


    Rated power:

    6.000 kW

    Rotor diameter:

    127 m

    Hub height:

    135 m

    Power production:

    20 Mio. kWh p.a.

    Produces electricity for more than 5000 households


    35% more yield compared to predecessor - E-112
    Two-segment rotor blade facilitates transport

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    -> blades

    -> nacelle with generator and


    hub
    -> tower (steel / concrete)

    -> electrical installation and


    grid connection
    -> foundation
    -> with piles or soil improvement
    (if necessary)

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    -> blades

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    -> nacelle

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    -> steel tower

    10

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    -> concrete
    tower

    11

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    -> foundation
    with basket

    12

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    -> foundation
    with section

    13

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    -> foundation
    for concrete
    tower

    14

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    Overview
    Part I

    Overview
    Part II

    Product range

    Design situations for wind turbines

    Components of a wind turbine

    Loads and load cases


    Rocking spring stiffness

    15

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics


    Design situations
    Environmental conditions
    Wind, Temperature, Ice, Earthquake
    Operational conditions
    Normal operation and power production
    Start up, shut down, idling, standstill
    Temporary conditions
    Transportation of components
    Installation and assembling
    Maintenance and repair

    16

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics


    Design load cases
    Normal operation and normal external conditions
    Normal operation and extreme external conditions

    extreme wind speed


    extreme direction change
    extreme dynamic wind shear

    nd
    i
    w

    n
    io
    t
    c
    re
    di

    Fault situations and appropriate external conditions

    Control system fault


    Electrical fault
    Yaw system fault

    Transportation, installation and maintenance situations

    17

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics


    Load cases for operational and environmental conditions defined in EN 61400-1

    18

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    Due to the nature of wind the loads are high variable !

    mean wind, gravity loads

    (steady)

    turbulence, earthquake

    (stochastic)

    unbalanced mass, rotor frequency (periodic)


    start up / shut down, gusts

    (transient)

    Loads are calculated with special computation program in time domain.

    Load calculations have to determined for each type separately.


    [Hau 2005]

    19

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    Different aspects for structural design

    1.

    Extreme Loads

    (Ultimate Limit State)

    2.

    Fatigue Loads

    (Ultimate Limit State)

    3.

    Stiffness of components

    (ULS and SLS)

    - Vibrations

    (resonance effects)

    - Deflections

    (distance between blade and tower)

    20

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics


    Vibrations - Rocking spring stiffness k,dyn
    To avoid resonance we have to consider the stiffness of the components but also the soilstructure interaction. The eigenfrequency of the system machine - tower foundation - soil
    shall not be in the range of the variable frequencies. To ensure this requirement a minimum
    stiffness of foundation and soil is necessary.

    System
    :

    Mass of WEC

    Tower

    Rotational spring stiffness

    21

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics


    Important design parameter for WEC:
    - Rotational frequency of rotor (1P)
    - Rotational frequency of one blade (3P)
    - Eigenfrequencies of the whole system (1. EF / 2. EF)

    Eigenmodes of the tower structure

    22

    Wind Turbines Components and Design Basics

    Merci pour votre attention

    23

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