Bitumen Extractor

EXPERIMENT 11
(Bitumen Content Using Centrifugal Extraction, Bitumen Content Determination Using

Troxler Ignition Oven)
Bitumen Content Using Centrifugal Extraction

Aim
To determine the binder content in the asphalt mix by cold solvent extraction
Apparatus
1. Centrifuge
2. Balance of capacity 500 gram and sensitivity 0.01grams.
3. Thermostatically controlled oven with capacity up to 2500 C.
4. Beaker for collecting extracted material.
Figure. 1: Centrifuge extractor

PMEL, Transportation Division, NIT Warangal
Roll no.151718
Procedure
1. Take exactly 500 grams of representative sample and place in the bowl of extraction
apparatus (W1).
2. Add benzene to the sample until it is completely submerged.
3. Dry and weigh the filter paper and place it over the bowl of the extraction apparatus
containing the sample ( F1 ) .
4. Clamp the cover of the bowl tightly.
5. Place a beaker under the drainpipe to collect the extract
6. Sufficient time (not more than an hour) is allowed for the solvent to disintegrate the
sample before running the centrifuge.
7. Run the centrifuge slowly and then gradually increase the speed to a maximum of 3600
rpm
8. Maintain the same speed till the solvent ceases to flow from the drainpipe.
9. Run the centrifuge until the bitumen and benzene are drained out completely.
10. Stop the machine, remove the cover and add 200ml of benzene to the material in the
extraction bowl and the extraction is done in the same process as described above.
11. Repeat the same process not less than three times till the extraction is clear and not
darker than a light straw colour.
12. Collect the material from the bowl of the extraction machine along with the filter paper
and dry it to constant weight in the oven at a temperature of 1050 C to 1100 C and cool to
room temperature.
13. Weigh the material ( W2 ) and the filter paper ( F2 ) separately to an accuracy of
0.01grams.
Observations and calculation
W1 = Weight of sample taken = 200 m
W2 = Weight of sample after extraction = 194gm
F1 = Initial Weight of filter paper = 2.7gm
F2 = Final Weight of filter paper = 2.8gm
W3 = Increased weight of filter paper ( F2 F1 ) = 2.8 2.7 = 0.1gm
Roll no.151718
Percentage of binder in the total mix =
))
= (200 194.1)/200 = 2.95%
Result
Percentage of binder in the total mix = 2.95 %
References
1. IRC: SP 11 1988 (Appendix - 5), ASTM D 2172.
2. http://www.engineeringcivil.com/determining-bitumen-content.html
Roll no.151718
BITUMEN CONTENT DETERMINATION USING TROXLER IGNITION

OVEN
Aim
The objective of this experiment is to determine the amount of bitumen content present in the
given sample of bitumen aggregate mixtures.
Principle
In this method the hot mix sample is heated to temperature above the fire point of bitumen where
in which all bitumen content is burnt and the remaining weight is measured from which the
bitumen content in the hot mix can be calculated.
Apparatus
The different apparatus required for this experiment are listed below:
1. Balance Readable to 0.1 g
2. Catch pan of suitable size to hold Sample Trays (Item (a)) - to catch aggregate particles and
melting AC falling through the screens.
3. Sample pan of suitable size to allow samples to be thinly spread and allows the air to
circulate through and around the sample particles.
4. Ovens for drying aggregate and HMA mixtures and for preheating HMA mixtures prior to
ignition testing.
5. TROXLER Ignition oven.
Fig.2 :TROXLER Ignition oven

6. Assorted Spatulas, Pans, Bowls, and Wire Brushes, for preparing HMA mixtures and
removing aggregate from sample tray(s) and catch pan.
Roll no.151718
Procedure
Preparation
Sufficient quantity HMA samples obtained from the field is placed in a large flat pan and
warmed in oven at 110 5C until workable with a trowel.
Test sample size/weight of the HMA mix to be taken for the test is governed by the Nominal
Aggregate Maximum Size (NMAS) and shall conform to the mass requirements listed in
table no.10.2.1.
TABLE 10.2.1 NMAS vs sample size of the mix
Nominal Maximum Aggregate

Size (NMAS) (mm)
Minimum mass of the sample (kg)
4.75
0.5
9.5
1.0
12.5
1.5
19.0
2.0
25.0
3.0
37.5
4.0
The calibration factor used in the calculation of binder content is the difference between the
known binder content and ignition oven test result. This is the adjustment factor for the burnt
up aggregate loss wt.
Calibration factor is established by testing 3 calibration samples at the design asphalt cement
content (p) for a specific mix type.
After preparation different steps involved in this experiment are:

1. Oven dries the test sample to a constant mass at 110 5.0C.
2. Determine mass of the sample tray(s) and catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g and Record.
3. Distribute the samples evenly in the sample (trays).
4. Set furnace temperature to 540 5.0C.
Roll no.151718
5. If the calibration factor is higher than 1.0%, as is the case for some high mass-loss
aggregates, the test temperature should be lowered to 4820 C (suitably). According to
AASHTO T308, a correction factor greater than 1.0% is considered unusually high.
6. Determine the mass of the sample, sample tray(s), and catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g.
Calculate and record the initial mass of the sample (M1).
7. Enter sample weight into controller.
8. Check and, if necessary, adjust your temperature set point and correction factor. See the
instructions at the end.
9. Load the sample tray assembly into the furnace chamber by inserting it directly above the
hearth tray and setting gently on the hearth tray. Check the load for proper clearance on each
side. Keep objects away from the thermocouple. Do not slide basket assembly against the
thermocouple. This will affect temperature reading and weight indication.
10. Close the door. The furnace will not operate with the door open and press the Start/Stop
button to start the process.
11. Heat the calibration sample in the convection-type furnace at 540 5.0C until the change in
mass of the sample during three consecutive 1-min intervals does not exceed 0.01 % of the
sample mass (M1), then press the Start/Stop button to end the process.
12. Use appropriate safety apparel and tools when unloading the hot furnace.
13. Measure and record the mass (ML) of the sample after ignition to the nearest 0.1 g. The mass
can be obtained immediately upon completion of the test from the printout or display.
14. Calculate the calibration factor (CF) as follows:
Where:
M1 = total mass of the mixture calibration sample prior to ignition,
ML = total mass of the mixture calibration sample after ignition, and
P = percentage of actual asphalt cement in the mix by mass of the total mix expressed
as a percentage.
15. Using this calibration factor the actual (corrected) binder(bitumen) content for next trial
onwards can be calculated as
16. Corrected binder content (%) = ((
) x100) - temperature compensation - correction
factor
Roll no.151718
17. The temperature compensation is provided for initial wt. change of load caused by heating
the load from a low temperature to a higher chamber temperature (Note that the load has not
lost any mass at this point; it changes weight because its temperature has increased).
18. Temperature compensation typically ranges from 0.1% to 0.25%. A warm HMA sample will
be assigned a value of 0.1% or higher. A cold sample will be assigned a value near 0.25%.
Test time will be reduced if an HMA sample is warm.
Results and Discussions

The corrected binder content is reported in % of the total initial mix weight.
The extracted bitumen cannot be collected here as it ignites.
References
1. Dr.S.K.Khanna, Dr.C.E.G.Justo, Dr.A.Veeraragavan; Highway Materials and Pavement
Testing, edition 5th.
2. ASTM D6307 05 (2010), Standard Test Method for Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt
by Ignition Method.
3. NCAT Asphalt Content Tester - OPERATION MANUAL AND PARTS LIST (Series 1087)
4. IRC: SP 11 1988 (Appendix - 5).
5. Karol, J. K., Rebecca, S. M., Jan, O., A. Shah. (2010). Determining of the Binder Content
Of Hot Mix Asphalt Containing Dolomitic Aggregates Using the Ignition Oven. FHWA
final report.
Roll no.151718

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What are the two methods described to determine the binder content in asphalt?

What are the two methods described to determine the binder content in asphalt?

What are the main steps involved in the centrifugal extraction method?

What are the main steps involved in the centrifugal extraction method?

EXPERIMENT 11

(Bitumen Content Using Centrifugal Extraction, Bitumen Content Determination Using

Bitumen Content Using Centrifugal Extraction

Figure. 1: Centrifuge extractor

PMEL, Transportation Division, NIT Warangal

Percentage of binder in the total mix =

= (200 194.1)/200 = 2.95%

PMEL, Transportation Division, NIT Warangal

BITUMEN CONTENT DETERMINATION USING TROXLER IGNITION

Fig.2 :TROXLER Ignition oven

PMEL, Transportation Division, NIT Warangal

Nominal Maximum Aggregate

Minimum mass of the sample (kg)

After preparation different steps involved in this experiment are:

PMEL, Transportation Division, NIT Warangal

) x100) - temperature compensation - correction

PMEL, Transportation Division, NIT Warangal

Results and Discussions

PMEL, Transportation Division, NIT Warangal

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