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    Truss Intro PDF

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    Mahnooranjum
    This document provides an introduction to assembling the stiffness matrix for truss structures using two different methods: 1) the element by element method where each element's stiffness matrix is assembled into the overall structural stiffness matrix, and 2) the coordinate by coordinate method where the stiffness terms are assembled column by column based on the forces required to displace each coordinate. The coordinate by coordinate method is demonstrated on a simple 3-bar truss, where it is noted that if the angles of both elements are the same, the off-diagonal terms of the stiffness matrix will be equal, which makes intuitive sense.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Truss Intro PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mahnooranjum
    20 views2 pages
    This document provides an introduction to assembling the stiffness matrix for truss structures using two different methods: 1) the element by element method where each element's stiffness matrix is assembled into the overall structural stiffness matrix, and 2) the coordinate by coordinate method where the stiffness terms are assembled column by column based on the forces required to displace each coordinate. The coordinate by coordinate method is demonstrated on a simple 3-bar truss, where it is noted that if the angles of both elements are the same, the off-diagonal terms of the stiffness matrix will be equal, which makes intuitive sense.

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    This document provides an introduction to assembling the stiffness matrix for truss structures using two different methods: 1) the element by element method where each element's stiffness matrix is assembled into the overall structural stiffness matrix, and 2) the coordinate by coordinate method where the stiffness terms are assembled column by column based on the forces required to displace each coordinate. The coordinate by coordinate method is demonstrated on a simple 3-bar truss, where it is noted that if the angles of both elements are the same, the off-diagonal terms of the stiffness matrix will be equal, which makes intuitive sense.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views2 pages

    Truss Intro PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mahnooranjum
    This document provides an introduction to assembling the stiffness matrix for truss structures using two different methods: 1) the element by element method where each element's stiffness matrix is assembled into the overall structural stiffness matrix, and 2) the coordinate by coordinate method where the stiffness terms are assembled column by column based on the forces required to displace each coordinate. The coordinate by coordinate method is demonstrated on a simple 3-bar truss, where it is noted that if the angles of both elements are the same, the off-diagonal terms of the stiffness matrix will be equal, which makes intuitive sense.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Duke University CEE 421L.

    Matrix Structural Analysis


    Introduction to Stiffness Matrix Assembly for Trusses
    Method 1: Element by Element

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1

    bar numbers

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1

    =0

    un-restrained structural coordinates are the


    global degrees of freedom

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1

    angles imply the


    element coordinate numbering system

    Element 1

    Element coordinates 3 & 4 correspond to structural coordinates 1& 2.


    4

    K1 =

    EA
    L

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1

    .
    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    2
    . c 1 c1 s 1
    . c1 s1 s21

    1
    1

    Element 2

    Element coordinates 3 & 4 correspond to structural coordinates 1& 2.

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1

    4
    =0

    EA
    K2 =
    L
    

    Element 3

    .
    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    1
    0

    .
    .
    0
    0

    Element coordinates 1 & 2 correspond to structural coordinates 1& 2.

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1

    K3 =

    2
    3

    EA
    L

    c23 c3 s3
    c3 s3 s23
    .
    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    .

    .
    .
    .
    .

    Assemble the structural stiffness matrix, Ks , for the two structural coordinates.
    

    Ks =

    EA
    c2 +
     L 1 1
    EA
    cs +
    L 1 1 1

    EA
    + EA
    c2
    L 3 3
     L 2
    EA
    cs
    L 3 3 3

    EA
    c1 s 1 +
     L 1
    EA
    s2 +
    L 1 1

    EA
    c3 s 3
     L 3
    EA
    s2
    L 3 3

    Duke University CEE 421L. Matrix Structural Analysis


    Introduction to Stiffness Matrix Assembly for Trusses
    Method 2: Coordinate by Coordinate column by column

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1

    bar numbers

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1

    2 2
    1

    un-restrained structural coordinates are the


    global degrees of freedom

    angles should be acute, if possible,


    so that cos 0 and sin 0.

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1
    Coordinate 1

    Forces required for d1 = 1 (only).

    0110
    10

    p2 = Ks21

    Ks11 =

    0110
    10

    EA
    L

    cos2 1 +
    1

    EA
    L

    EA
    L

    +
    2

    cos2 2

    p1 = Ks11

    d 1= 1

    01
    1010

    Ks21 =

    EA
    L

    cos 1 sin 1
    1

    Coordinate 2

    EA
    L

    cos 2 sin 2
    3

    Forces required for d2 = 1 (only).


    p2 = Ks22

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1

    EA
    L

    EA
    cos 1 sin 1
    L
    1

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1

    2
    1

    Ks22 =

    p1= Ks12

    EA
    L

    sin2 1 +

    sin2 2

    d 2= 1

    EA
    =
    L
    

    Ks12

    cos 2 sin 2
    3

    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1
    

    Ks =

    EA
     L 1
    EA
    L 1

    EA
    + EA
    cos2 2
    L 2
    L 3
    cos 1 sin 1 EA
    cos 2 sin 2
    L 3

    cos2 1 +

    What are the off-diagonal terms if 1 = 2 ?


    Does this make sense?

    EA
     L 1
    EA
    L 1

    cos 1 sin 1
    sin2 1 +

    EA
    L 3

    EA
    cos 2
    L 3
    2
    sin 2

    sin 2

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