ISSF Stainless Steel in Figures 2016 English Public

Stainless Steel in Figures 2016
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2016- 2
BACK
Cover image courtesy of Karol Kozlowski / Shutterstock.com
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BACK
Contents
History and Competition
Potential
Compound annual growth rate of world

stainless melt shop production
Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel

consumption
Regional share of stainless steel production
Per capita direct and indirect use of stainless

steel for selected countries.
Stainless steel production versus plastics

production
Compound annual growth rate of major metals
(%/year): 1980 - 2015
Actual Performance
Stainless melt shop production
Stainless melt shop production by quarter
Stainless steel foreign trade
Apparent stainless steel use by region
Stainless melt shop production by region
Stainless meltshop production by grade
Stainless meltshop production by quarter
GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use

per capita
Comparison of direct stainless steel use
versus total stainless steel use
Stainless steel use per sector
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BACK
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Secretary-Generals Message
Dear Members
This is the fifth in what
has become a regular
series of annual statistical
publications, known
as Stainless Steel in
JOHN ROWE
Secretary-General
Figures. It is commonly
and openly acknowledged
that we have the most
accurate and reliable data in the world about the
stainless steel industry and it is logical that
this should be so. No-one knows our industry
as well as our members and we are the focal
point for the collection and analysis of the
statistical data which forms the substance of
this book. But this information only acquires a
value if it is used. There is a wealth of data on our
Extranet and Website, with appropriate historical
information and our Short Range Forecasts. This
book summarises what is available, but you are
encouraged to make regular use of our database.
If you have any difficulty in gaining access, please
contact Jo (claes@issf.org) and she will send you
fresh access details.
Following the successful introduction of useful

statistical data from the raw material associations
last year, we have repeated that information in
this years edition and we hope that this will also
become a regular feature for future editions. It
has the advantage of providing readers with a
ready reference source in one book.
members of the ISSF and you are welcome to use

it as you wish.
Once again, we recognise and appreciate the

efforts of our raw materials partners in the
Team Stainless network for their assistance in
providing us with their up-dated data. We are
grateful to the International Chrome Development
Association (ICDA), the International Nickel Study
Group (INSG) and the International Molybdenum
Association (IMOA) all of whom have openly
shared their information with us.
John Rowe
Secretary-General,
International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF)
As was the case last year, may we kindly remind

you that the raw materials data is confidential
and is for the use of ISSF members and the
members of the contributing associations
only. That information should please not be republished without the express permission of the
associations and any re-publication must include
the applicable source ISSF, ICDA, INSG or IMOA.
Of course, the stainless steel data belongs you as
If any of you have any comments or suggestions

on how this book may be improved for future
editions, or perhaps on other information which
you would like us to include, please let me know.
Brussels, May 2016
HISTORY AND COMPETITION
BACK
Figure 1
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Compound annual growth rate of world stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent)
41.5Mt
(2015)
Million metric tonnes (Mt)
Compound annual growth: 5.80%
1 Mt
1950
2015
BACK
Figure 2
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Regional share of stainless steel production
2005
2015
Rest of World
1%
Rest of World
3%
China
13%
EU-27
17%
EU-27
34%
China
52%
Americas
7%
Other Asia
(excluding China)
39%
Americas
11%
Other Asia
(excluding China)
23%
BACK
Figure 3
400
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Stainless steel production versus plastics production.
41.7 Mt
(2014)
Index: 1990 = 100
350
300
250
Stainless Steel
200
150
Plastics
100
6.9 Mt
50
1980
2014
BACK
Figure 4
Compound annual growth rate of major metals (%/year): 1980 - 2015
Average: 2.34%
Lead: 1.78%
Copper: 2.74%
Zinc: 2.38%
Aluminium: 3.86%
Carbon Steel: 2.24%
Stainless Steel: 5.27%
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ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
BACK
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Table 1 Stainless melt shop production (ingot/slab equivalent) in 1,000 metric tonnes.

Note: A major correction of Chinese data in 2011 means data from 2011 onwards is not comparable with earlier years.
Country/region
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Belgium
1,045
1,306
1,241
1,241
1,298
1,388
Belgium/Austria
Finland
1,607
726
998
1,003
1,078
1,080
1,216
Finland/Sweden/UK
France
2015
2,215
202
276
300
285
300
323
291
Germany
1,320
1,509
1,502
1,313
1,091
864
459
Italy
1,216
1,583
1,602
1,696
1,556
1,457
1,452
Spain
693
844
807
844
855
945
979
Sweden
445
546
586
510
501
541
United Kingdom
224
279
330
294
257
295
Other EU
114
152
188
195
211
223
165
European Union
5,986
7,494
7,559
7,455
7,147
7,252
7,169
USA
1,617
2,201
2,074
1,977
2,030
2,389
2,346
324
409
413
391
425
424
401
Americas
1,942
2,609
2,486
2,368
2,454
2,813
2,747
Japan
2,607
3,427
3,247
3,166
3,175
3,328
3,061
South Korea
1,677
2,048
2,157
2,167
2,143
2,038
2,231
Taiwan, China
1,468
1,514
1,203
1,107
1,067
1,108
1,109
China
8,805
11,256
14,091
16,087
18,984
21,692
21,562
India
1,721
2,022
2,163
2,834
2,891
2,858
3,060
Asia
16,277
20,267
22,861
25,361
28,260
31,025
31,024
546
480
443
503
492
472
514
Russia
86
122
125
112
152
123
95
Ukraine
67
118
147
118
n/a
n/a
n/a
24,904
31,090
33,621
35,917
38,506
41,686
41,548
Brazil
South Africa
World
ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
BACK
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Table 2 Stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by quarter in 1,000 metric tonnes: 2014 compared to 2015
Quarter 1
Quarter 2
First half
Quarter 3
Quarter 4
Second half
Full year
Western Europe/
Africa
Central & Eastern

Europe
The Americas
Asia
(excluding China)
China
World
2014
2,164
71
670
2,371
5,084
10,359
2015
2,007
64
768
2,366
5,015
10,220
% change
-7.3
-9.6
14.7
-0.2
-1.4
-1.3
2014
2,116
72
717
2,387
5,603
10,894
2015
2,058
69
685
2,318
5,852
10,982
% change
-2.7
-4.3
-4.4
-2.9
4.4
0.8
2014
4,280
143
1,386
4,757
10,687
21,253
2015
4,065
133
1,453
4,684
10,867
21,202
% change
-5.0
-7.0
4.8
-1.5
1.7
-0.2
2014
1,682
70
711
2,374
5,336
10,173
2015
1,673
65
693
2,392
5,371
10,195
% change
-0.6
-7.3
-2.5
0.8
0.7
0.2
2014
1,608
64
716
2,202
5,670
10,259
2015
1,780
61
601
2,385
5,324
10,152
% change
10.7
-3.8
-16.1
8.3
-6.1
-1.0
2014
3,290
134
1,427
4,576
11,005
20,432
2015
3,453
126
1,294
4,777
10,696
20,346
% change
4.9
-5.6
-9.3
4.4
-2.8
-0.4
2014
7,570
277
2,813
9,333
21,692
41,686
2015
7,518
259
2,747
9,461
21,562
41,548
% change
-0.7
-6.3
-2.3
1.4
-0.6
-0.3
ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
BACK
Figure 5
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Stainless steel foreign trade
2014
2015
Hot plate and sheet
6.7%
Hot plate and sheet

6.8%
Hot coils
27.0%
Hot coils
27.5%
Cold rolled flat
47.7%
Semis flat
1.1%
Cold bars/wire
7.2%
Hot bars/wire rod
8.2%
Semis long
2.1%
Cold rolled flat

48.1%
Semis flat
1.0%
Cold bars/wire
7.2%
Hot bars/wire rod
7.6%
Semis long
1.8%
ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
BACK
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Table 3 Foreign trade exports of stainless steel in 1,000 metric tonnes. Includes feedstock material for further processing.

Note: *Indicated imports from that region
2014
Destination
Origin
Africa
Eastern
Europe
Asia
Middle East
Australia/
Oceania
NAFTA
Western
Europe
Total
Africa
14.0
94.8
16.6
48.6
11.9
35.9
1.6
90.1
313.4
Asia
93.3
5,356.7
147.4
176.6
199.4
495.7
75.7
1,637.3
8,182.0
Eastern Europe
0.0
4.7
28.6
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
14.0
51.6
Latin America
2.6
11.8
0.3
34.9
3.0
13.7
0.1
6.5
72.8
Middle East*
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
n/a
3.6
0.4
1.4
10.1
NAFTA
0.5
59.2
0.1
48.1
1.9
663.5
0.8
147.9
922.2
Australia/Oceania
0.1
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.2
3.1
65.7
505.6
97.6
59.1
70.2
487.9
19.7
6,680.0
7,985.9
176.3
6,038.7
290.6
367.3
286.4
1,705.2
99.3
8,577.3
17,541.1
Western Europe
Total
2015
Destination
Africa
Eastern
Europe
Asia
Latin
America
Middle East
Australia/
Oceania
NAFTA
Western
Europe
Total
11.0
107.2
13.1
29.5
9.8
23.8
1.7
138.7
334.7
103.2
4,951.6
137.5
139.8
215.5
484.3
72.7
1,386.2
7,490.9
Eastern Europe
0.0
3.8
22.5
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
12.3
40.9
Latin America
2.8
25.7
2.6
41.2
4.3
15.7
0.4
36.6
129.3
Middle East*
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
n/a
4.1
0.6
1.1
9.0
NAFTA
0.7
81.6
0.2
32.9
2.6
659.0
0.8
133.5
911.3
Australia/Oceania
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.4
0.2
3.6
76.8
435.9
95.6
48.9
60.8
376.4
19.8
7,269.6
8,383.9
194.6
5,611.4
271.4
292.4
293.0
1,566.2
96.3
8,978.3
17,303.6
Africa
Asia
Origin
Latin
America
Western Europe
Total
ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
BACK
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Table 4 Foreign trade exports of stainless steel scrap in 1,000 metric tonnes. Includes feedstock material for further processing.

Note: *Indicated imports from that region
2014
Destination
Origin
Africa
Eastern
Europe
Asia
Middle East
Australia/
Oceania
NAFTA
Western
Europe
Total
Africa
0.0
29.6
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.2
2.8
33.4
Asia
0.0
561.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.9
0.0
21.6
585.0
Eastern Europe
0.0
4.8
3.3
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
109.2
119.6
Latin America
0.0
18.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.8
0.0
33.3
66.6
Middle East*
0.0
96.3
0.0
0.0
n/a
0.5
0.0
16.5
113.3
NAFTA
0.1
573.9
0.0
1.4
1.1
278.7
0.0
24.1
879.3
Australia/Oceania
0.0
50.9
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.4
1.1
53.0
Western Europe
0.1
382.4
2.9
0.0
1.3
32.4
0.1
3,080.1
3,499.4
Total
0.3
1,717.6
6.2
3.8
3.8
328.5
0.8
3,288.6
5,349.7
2015
Destination
Africa
Origin
Latin
America
Eastern
Europe
Asia
Latin
America
Middle East
Australia/
Oceania
NAFTA
Western
Europe
Total
Africa
0.0
14.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.3
1.5
16.5
Asia
1.2
647.5
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.0
21.1
670.5
Eastern Europe
0.0
3.5
0.3
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
84.3
89.3
Latin America
0.0
30.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
2.6
0.0
35.5
68.9
Middle East*
0.0
80.4
0.0
0.0
n/a
0.0
0.0
11.4
91.8
NAFTA
0.0
524.6
0.0
1.9
1.1
209.2
0.1
64.8
801.7
Australia/Oceania
0.0
49.8
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
1.7
51.7
Western Europe
0.6
365.8
1.5
0.1
1.2
0.9
0.0
3,172.5
3,542.5
Total
1.8
1,716.0
1.8
3.7
3.3
213.0
0.5
3,392.8
5,332.9
ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
BACK
Figure 6
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Apparent stainless steel use by region.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
2003
2004
Western Europe
2005
2006
2007
2008
Central/Eastern Europe
2009
Americas
2010
2011
2012
Asia excluding China
2013
2014
China
2015
Others
ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
BACK
Stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by region in 1,000 metric tonnes
45
40
35
31.094
28.706
30
28.146
26.218
24.570
24.546
2004
2005
24.904
25
20
15
10
5
0
Western Europe
2006
2007
2008
2009
Central/Eastern Europe
Major correction of Chinese data for 2011, not comparable with previous years
Figure 7
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2010
Americas
41.686
41.548
2014
2015
38.506
35.917
33.621
2011
2012
2013
Asia excluding China
China
ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
BACK
Figure 8
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Stainless meltshop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by grade.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
CrNi grades (300-series)
2011 2012 2013 2014
CrMn grades (200 series)
Q1
Cr grades (400 series)
Q2
Q3
Q4
2015
Other/not known
ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
BACK
Figure 9
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Stainless meltshop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by quarter in 1,000 metric tonnes
12,000
11,000
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
2004
Quarter 1
2005
2006
2007
2008
Quarter 2
2009
2010
2011
Quarter 3
2012
2013
2014
2015
Quarter 4
POTENTIAL
BACK
Figure 10
Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel consumption
Stainless steel consumption (000t)

2500
_
? __
Stainless steel demand index (2010=100)
Europe/Africa
2500
Americas
230
120
2000
2000
190
100
1500
1500
150
80
1000
1000
110
60
500
500
70
40
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
POTENTIAL
BACK
Figure 11

4500
_
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Asia
4500
China
250
4000
180
4000
3500
200
3000
160
3500
140
3000
150
2500
2000
120
2500
100
2000
80
100
1500
1500
1000
50
500
60
1000
40
500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
20
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
POTENTIAL
BACK
Figure 12

10000
World
140
9000
120
8000
7000
100
6000
80
5000
60
4000
3000
40
2000
20
1000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
_
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POTENTIAL
BACK
Figure 13
_
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Per capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel (kg/capita) for selected countries. Source: IMF, Yale
35
2005
2010
30
25
20
15
10
sia
do
ne
a
In
di
In
il
Br
az
ex
ico
M
ss
ia
Ru
ke
y
Tu
r
a
in
Ch
ric
a
th
Af
d
la
n
ai
Th
UK
Fr
an
ce
lia
Au
st
ra
A
US
n
ai
Sp
y
an
rm
en
ly
Ita
n
pa
Ja
Ko
Sw
ed
Ge
So
u
Ta
i
wa
n,
Ch
i
na
re
a
POTENTIAL
BACK
Figure 14
_
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GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use per capita. Source: IMF, ISSF, Yale.
US$60000
US$60000
US$55000
US$55000
US$50000
USA
US$50000
USA
Australia
US$45000
Germany
US$45000
Australia
US$40000
France
US$40000
UK
Germany
UK
US$35000
Japan
France
Korea
US$20000
US$20000
Russia
Turkey
Mexico
Brazil
Thailand
China
South Africa
Indonesia
US$10000
India
Indonesia
India
Russia
US$15000
Mexico
Turkey
Brazil
South Africa
Thailand
China
US$5000
Korea
US$30000
US$25000
US$10000
Italy
US$35000
US$25000
US$15000
Japan
Spain
Italy
Spain
US$30000
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China
US$5000
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
POTENTIAL
_
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BACK
Figure 15

Comparison of direct stainless steel use (mill products) versus total stainless steel use (plus trade balance of stainless containing goods).
Source: IMF, Yale, Vale Inco
45
45
40
40
Direct use
35
Total use
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
UK
US
wa
i
Ta
2005
na
hi
C
n,
ai
Sp
So
th
a
ric
Af
ia
ss
Ru
n
ico orea
pa
ex
K
Ja
ly
Ita
di
In
an
m
er
Direct use
35
ce
an
Fr
in
Ch
il
az
Br
Total use
UK
US
wa
i
Ta
2010
na
hi
C
n,
ai
Sp
So
th
a
ric
Af
ia
ss
Ru
n
ico orea
pa
ex
K
Ja
ly
Ita
di
In
an
m
er
ce
an
Fr
in
Ch
il
az
Br
POTENTIAL
BACK
Figure 16
_
? __
Stainless steel use per sector - 2013
Electrical
machinery
7.9%
Motor vehicles
and parts
10.3%
Mechanical
engineering
24.8%
Metal products
39.1%
Motor vehicles in
developed countries
19.2%
Other transport
5.1%
Construction
12.8%
Motor vehicles in
developing countries
4.3%
BACK
Data sources
Unless otherwise indicated, all data in this booklet
has been provided by the International Stainless
Steel Forum (ISSF).
Data has also been provided by:
1. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
2. Vale Inco
3. Yale University: School of Forestry and
Environmental Studies (Reck et al.)
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Help
?
Help page
__
_
Contents page.
Previous page.
Next page.
BACK
Previous view.
About ISSF
The International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) is a
non-profit research and development organisation
which was founded in 1996 and which serves as
the focal point for the international stainless steel
industry.
_
? __
Contact us
issf@issf.org
+32 2 702 89 00
Who are the members?

ISSF has two categories of membership:
company members and affiliated members.
Company members are producers of stainless
steel (integrated mills and rerollers). Affiliated
members are national or regional stainless steel
industry associations. ISSF now has 65 members
in 25 countries. Collectively they produce 80% of
all stainless steel.
Vision
Stainless steel provides sustainable solutions for
everyday life.
More information
For more information about ISSF, please consult

our website worldstainless.org.
For more information about stainless

steel and sustainability, please consult the
sustainablestainless.org website.
Disclaimer
The International Stainless Steel Forum believes that the information
presented is technically correct. However, ISSF, its members, staff
and consultants specifically disclaim any and all liability or responsibility of any kind for loss, damage, or injury resulting from the use of
the information contained in this brochure.
worldstainless.org

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Stainless Steel in Figures 2016

ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2016- 2

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Compound annual growth rate of world

Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel

Regional share of stainless steel production

Per capita direct and indirect use of stainless

Stainless steel production versus plastics

GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use

ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2016- 4

Following the successful introduction of useful

members of the ISSF and you are welcome to use

Once again, we recognise and appreciate the

As was the case last year, may we kindly remind

If any of you have any comments or suggestions

Brussels, May 2016

HISTORY AND COMPETITION

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Million metric tonnes (Mt)

Compound annual growth: 5.80%

HISTORY AND COMPETITION

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Regional share of stainless steel production

HISTORY AND COMPETITION

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Stainless steel production versus plastics production.

Index: 1990 = 100

HISTORY AND COMPETITION

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Compound annual growth rate of major metals (%/year): 1980 - 2015

Carbon Steel: 2.24%

Stainless Steel: 5.27%

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ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2016- 10

Central & Eastern

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Stainless steel foreign trade

Hot plate and sheet

Cold rolled flat

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Apparent stainless steel use by region.

Asia excluding China

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Asia excluding China

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Stainless meltshop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by grade.

2011 2012 2013 2014

CrMn grades (200 series)

Cr grades (400 series)

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Stainless meltshop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by quarter in 1,000 metric tonnes

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Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel consumption

Stainless steel consumption (000t)

Stainless steel demand index (2010=100)

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