Groundwater Resources Development in Hard Rock Terrain - An Approach Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Groundwater resources development in hard rock terrain - an approach using
remote sensing and GIS techniques
Jagannathan Krishnamurthya, ,
Arul Manib,
Venkatakrishnan Jayaramana,
M Manivelb
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Abstract
To demonstrate the capabilities of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques for
groundwater resources development in hard rock terrains, specifically for the demarcation of suitable sites for
artificial recharge of groundwater aquifers, a study was carried out in the Kallar Basin, which is located in parts of
the Salem and Tiruchirapalli districts, Tamil Nadu, India. Thematic maps defining lithology, lineaments, landforms,
landuse, drainage density, thickness of weathered zone, thickness of fractured zone, hydrological soils, and well
yield were prepared from data collected by the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) -1C and by conventional
methods. All the thematic layers were integrated using a GIS-based model developed specifically for this purpose,
enabling a map showing artificial recharge zones to be generated. The exact type of artificial recharge structure, eg,
check dam, nallabund, gully plugging and percolation pond, suitable for replenishing groundwater was identified by
superposing a drainage network map over an artificial recharge zones map. The GIS-based demarcation of artificial
zones developed in the study was based on logical conditions and reasoning, so that the same techniques (with
appropriate modifications) could be adopted elsewhere, especially in hard rock terrain, where the occurrence of
groundwater is restricted and subject to greater complexity.
Rsum
Pour dmontrer les capacits de la tldtection et des techniques de Systme d'Information Gographique (SIG)
pour le dveloppement des ressources d'eau souterraine dans des terrains de roche dure, spcialement pour la
dmarcation de sites appropris pour la recharge artificielle d'eau souterraine, une tude a t faite dans le bassin
Kallar, qui est situ en partie dans les districts de Salem et Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, Inde. Des cartes thmatiques
dfinissant la lithologie, les linaments, les formes de terrain, l'occupation du sol, la densit de drainage, l'paisseur
de zone humide, l'paisseur de zone fracture, les sols hydrologiques et le rendement des sources ont t prpares
partir de donnes acquises par le satellite indien de tldtection (IRS) - 1C et par des mthodes conventionnelles.
Toutes les couches thmatiques ont t intgres en utilisant un modle SIG dvelopp spcialement dans ce but,
permettant de crer une carte montrant les zones de recharge artificielle. Le type exact de structure de recharge
artificielle, ex. barrage de contrle, nallabund, mise en place de caniveaux, tang de percolation, appropris pour
alimenter l'eau souterraine a t identifi en superposant une carte de rseau de drainage sur une carte de zones de
recharge artificielle. La dmarcation de zones artificielles base sur un SIG dvelopp dans cette tude a t base
sur des conditions logiques et le raisonnement, de sorte que les mmes techniques (avec des modifications
appropries) pourraient tre adoptes ailleurs, spcialement dans un terrain roche dure, o l'occurrence d'eau
souterraine est limite et sujette une plus grande complexit.
Resumen
Se realiz un estudio en la cuenca de Kallar localizada en partes de los distritos Salem y Tiruchirapalli, en Tamil
Nadu, India, para demostrar la capacidad de las tcnicas de teledeteccin y de los sistemas de informacin
geogrfica (SIG) para el desarrollo de los recursos de aguas subterrneas en terrenos de rocas duras, especificamente
para la delineacin de sitios aptos para la recarga artificial de acuferos subterrneos. Se elaboraron mapas temticos
referidos a litologa, lineamientos, formas de terreno, uso de las tierras, densidad de drenaje, espesor de la zona de
meteorizacin, espesor de la zona fracturada, suelos hidrolgicos, y rendimiento de pozos, a partir de datos
suministrados por el Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)-1C y por mtodos convencionales. Se integraron todas
las capas temticas en un modelo basado en SIG y desarrollado especificamente para este propsito, el cual permiti
elaborar un mapa mostrando las zonas de recarga artificial a ser generadas. El tipo preciso de estructura requerido
para la recarga artificial, por ejemplo dique de retencin, nallabund (dique), tapn de crcava y laguna de
percolacin, apropiado para reabastecer las aguas subterrneas, se identific mediante superposicin de un mapa de
la red de drenaje sobre un mapa de las zonas de recarga artificial. La delineacin de las zonas de recarga artificial en
SIG se bas en condiciones y razonamiento lgicos, de tal manera que las mismas tcnicas (con modificaciones
apropiadas) podran ser adoptadas en otras reas, especialmente en terrenos de rocas duras donde la ocurrencia de
aguas subterrneas es limitada y sujeta a patrones complejos.
Keywords
artificial recharge;
categorisation;
drainage density;
hydrological soils;
Indian Remote Sensing Satellite;
integration;
landforms;
landuse;
lithology;
lineaments
Copyright 2000 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Groundwater resources development in hard rock terrain - an approach using

remote sensing and GIS techniques

Indian Remote Sensing Satellite;

Copyright 2000 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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