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Projects

The document contains circuit diagrams and descriptions for several electronic projects, including a clap switch, simple metal detector, solar battery charger, cell phone detector, mobile jammer, and metal detector. The clap switch uses a microphone and timer circuit to turn on an LED when it detects sound. The solar battery charger uses a solar panel and voltage regulator to charge lead-acid or Ni-Cd batteries. The metal detector circuit uses a coil and capacitor to detect changes in an electromagnetic field from nearby metals and trigger an LED and buzzer.

Uploaded by

ameer hamza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
97 views

Projects

The document contains circuit diagrams and descriptions for several electronic projects, including a clap switch, simple metal detector, solar battery charger, cell phone detector, mobile jammer, and metal detector. The clap switch uses a microphone and timer circuit to turn on an LED when it detects sound. The solar battery charger uses a solar panel and voltage regulator to charge lead-acid or Ni-Cd batteries. The metal detector circuit uses a coil and capacitor to detect changes in an electromagnetic field from nearby metals and trigger an LED and buzzer.

Uploaded by

ameer hamza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Clap switch:

Working Explanation
Here we are using Electric Condenser Mic for sensing the sound, transistor to trigger the
555 timer IC and 555 IC to turn ON the LED through a low voltage trigger.

Components
Condenser Mic
555 Timer IC
Transistor BC547
Resistors (220, 1k, 47k, 100k ohm)
Capacitor (10uF)
LED and Battery (5-9v)

http://circuitdigest.com/electroniccircuits/clap-switch-project

Simple metal detector:

Circuit Components

+9 supply voltage

555 IC

47K resistor

2.2F capacitor (2 pieces)

Speaker (8)

170Turns of 10cm diameter coil (any gauge would


work)

Link: http://circuitdigest.com/electroniccircuits/simple-metal-detector-circuit

Solar Battery Charger Circuit Diagram:

Circuit Components

Solar panel 17V

LM317 voltage regulator

DC battery

Diode 1n4007

Capacitor 0.1uF

Schottky diode 3A, 50V

Resistors 220, 680 ohms

Pot 2K

Connecting wires

Details:
Solar Battery Charger Circuit Design
Circuit must have adjustable voltage regulator , so Variable voltage regulator LM317 is
selected. Here LM317 can produce a voltage from 1.25 to 37 volts maximum and
maximum current of 1.5 Amps.
Adjustable Voltage regulator has typical voltage drop of 2 V-2.5V .So Solar panel is
selected such that it has more voltage than the load. Here I am selecting 17v/5w solar
panel.
Lead acid battery which is used here has specification of 12v/1.3Ah. In order to charge
this battery following are required.
Schottky diode is used to protect the LM317 and panel from reverse voltage generated
by the battery when it is not charging. Any 3 A diode can be used here.

For Charging 12V Battery


Output voltage

Set the output voltage to 14.5 volts(This voltage is specified on the battery as cycle use.)

Charging current

Charging current = Solar panel wattage/Solar Panel Voltage = 5 / 17 = 0.29A.


Here LM317 can provide current upto 1.5A .So it is recommended to use high wattage
panels if more current is required for your application.(But here my battery requires initial
current less than 0.39Amps. This initial current is also mentioned on the battery).
If the battery requires initial current more than 1.5A,it is not recommended to use LM317.

Time taken for charging

Time taken for charging = 1.3Ah/0.29A = 4.44hours.

Power dissipation

Here solar panel has 5Watts

Power going into battery = 14.5*0.29 =4 watts

Thus 1 watt of power going into regulator.

All the above mentioned parameters have to be taken into account before charging a
battery.
For 6V Application
Set the output voltage to 7.5-8 volts as specified on the battery.
calculate the charging current ,power dissipation as shown above.
Power Dissipation
In this project, power is limited because of the thermal resistance of LM317 voltage
regulator and the heat sink. To keep the temperature below 125 degree Celsius, the
power must be limited to 10W. LM317 voltage regulator internally has temperature
limiting circuit so that if it gets too hot, it shuts down automatically.
When battery is charging, heat sink becomes warm. When completing the charging at
maximum voltage, heat sink runs hot. This heat is because of excess power that not
needed in the process of charging a battery.
Current Limiting:
As the solar panel provides constant current, it acts as a current limiter. Therefore the
circuit does not need any current limiting.
Solar Charger Protection:
In this circuit, capacitor C1 protects from the static discharge. Diode D1 protects from
the reverse polarity. And voltage regulator IC provides voltage and current regulation.
Solar Charger Specifications:

Solar panel rating: 20W (12V) or 10W (6V)

Vout range: 5 to 14V

Maximum power dissipation: 10W (includes power dissipation of schottky diode)

Typical drop out value: 2 to 2.75V (depends on load current)

Max current: 1.5A (internally it limited to 2.2A)

Voltage regulation: +/- 100mV

How to Operate this Solar Battery Charger Circuit?


1.

Give the connections according to the circuit diagram.

2.

Place the solar panel in sunlight.

3.

Now set the output voltage by adjusting pot RV1

4.

Check the battery voltage using digital multi meter.

Solar Battery Charger Circuit Advantages:

Adjustable output voltage

Circuit is simple and inexpensive.

Circuit uses commonly available components.

Zero battery discharge when no sunlight on the solar panel.

Solar Battery Charger Circuit Applications:

This circuit is used to charge Lead-Acid or Ni-Cd batteries using solar energy. (You may
get an idea about How a Lead Acid Battery Charger Circuit Works by reading the
earlier posts.)

Limitations of this Circuit:


1.

In this project current is limited to 1.5A.

2.

The circuit requires high drop-out voltage

Link:
http://www.electronicshub.org/solar-battery-charger-circuit/

Circuit Diagram of Cell Phone Detector:

Circuit Components:

V1 = 12V

L1 = 10uH

R1 = 100Ohms

C1 = 100nF

R2 = 100K

R3 = 3K

Q1 = BC547

R4 = 200 Ohms

R5 = 100 Ohms

IC1= LM339

R6 = 10 Ohms

LED = Blue LED

Link: http://www.electronicshub.org/cellphone-detector-circuit/

Simple mobile jammer circuit:

Link:
http://www.electronicshub.org/wp-

content/uploads/2013/10/MobileJammer-Circuit-Diagram.jpg

Circuit Diagram of Metal Detector:

Metal Detector Circuit Explanation:

When the LC circuit that is L1 and C1 has got any resonating frequency from any metal
which is near to it, electric field will be created which will lead to induces current in the coil
and changes in the signal flow through the coil.

Variable resistor is used to change the proximity sensor value equal to the LC circuit, it is
better to check the value when there is coil not near to the metal. When the metal is
detected the LC circuit will have changed signal. The changed signal is given to the
proximity detector (TDA 0161), which will detect the change in the signal and react
accordingly. The output of the proximity sensor will be of 1mA when there is no metal
detected and it will be around 10mA when coil is near to the metal

When the output pin is high the resistor R3 will provide positive voltage to transistor Q1.
Q1 will be turned on and led will glow and buzzer will give the buzz. Resistor r2 is used to
limit the current flow.

Link:
http://www.electronicshub.org/metaldetector-circuit/

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