Sorenson 1

Quinton Sorenson
Mr. Henriksen
English 1010
21 November

Annotated Bibliography
Borlase, Brigid Jane, Philippa Helen Gander, and Rosemary Helen Gibson. "Effects Of
School Start Times And Technology Use On Teenagers' Sleep: 1999-2008."
Sleep & Biological Rhythms 11.1 (2013): 46-54. Academic Search Premier. Web.
30 Nov. 2016.
In this study two different questionnaires were sent out. Both asked the same
thing, what sources of entertainment students had in their bedrooms, but they
were taken in two different years, 1999 and 2008. They also tested students to
see what the effect of moving school start time by one and a half hours from
9:00am to 10:30am. After the study was over it was found that from 1999 to
2008 with later start times in school less students reported a difference in sleep
time on school days vs non school days, along with lower reports of daytime
sleepiness. When researchers went back to look at how the amount of
entertainment in the bedroom had changed from 1999 to 2008 they found that
95% of students had one or more sources of entertainment in their bedrooms,
increasing the likelihood of them being evening types.

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Canan, Fatih, et al. "Internet Addiction And Sleep Disturbance Symptoms Among
Turkish High School Students." Sleep & Biological Rhythms 11.3 (2013): 210213. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Nov. 2016.
This Study written on the effect that internet usage had on High School students
in Duzce City Center, Turkey, by Dr. Faith Canan. Her population group was
2216 with 2029 students accepting to participate and 1956 qualifying after going
through all the paperwork. The study consisted of both male and female
students ranging in age from 14-18 years old. Dr. Canans study found a direct
relationship between the amount of internet usage and loss of sleep and trouble
falling asleep. This study also found that increased online gaming on weekends
affected the sleep patterns of students during the week. Although this study was
done in Turkey it is still relevant here in the united states because high school
students here also have a lot of internet usage and online gaming activity.
Culnan, Elizabeth, et al. "Insufficient Sleep And Weight Status In High School Students:
Should We Be Focusing On The Extremes?." Children's Health Care 42.2 (2013):
99-115. Academic Search Premier. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.
In this study Elizabeth Cunlan is looking to see if there is a relationship between
teen obesity and sleep. Race, Gender, sleep, and weight status were all
components of this study, It was found that the amount of sleep teens get does
not show any signs that it increases obesity, but it does occur more often. When
the statistics on gender were observed it was found that females were more
likely to be classified as obese. As race was looked at it was found that Latinos
were the least likely to be obese from low amounts of sleep.

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Hansen, Martha, et al. "The Impact Of School Daily Schedule On Adolescent Sleep."
Pediatrics 115.6 (2005): 1555-1561. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Dec.
2016.
The loss of sleep that school students receive from going to bed late and waking
up early has major impacts on our mental health, physical health, and our overall
mood. Loss of sleep makes students less productive the more tired they are. It
was found the most students lose two hours of sleep each weeknight and that
sleeping pattern had a drastic change on the weekends. A solution to the
problem that was discussed was to push back the start time of the school day.
Another key that was brought us was parents and doctors having more contact
with their kids and patients about their sleep habits.
Noland, Heather, et al. "Adolescents Sleep Behaviors And Perceptions Of Sleep."
Journal Of School Health 79.5 (2009): 224-230. Academic Search Premier. Web.
5 Dec. 2016.
This study found that students highly benefited from having constant sleep times
throughout the week and weekend. It also found that most students prefer to
have school start at later times. When a study was done testing the effect of
later start times on students overall performance it was found that it the extra
hour of sleep was very beneficial to students. Students were less tired at school,
happier in all their activities, and overall had more energy.

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Paraskakis, Emmanouil, et al. "Siesta And Sleep Patterns In A Sample Of Adolescents
In Greece." Pediatrics International 50.5 (2008): 690-693. Academic Search
Premier. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.
Paraskakis studied the effect of a siesta time in sleep patterns. She took High
School Students from Greece in both villages and cities to do her study. In the
Groups where a siesta time was not present students reported more daytime
drowsiness and less sleep each night. Students that did have a siesta time were
found to have less daytime drowsiness and a better night's sleep. For students
that live in a village away from a city sleep patterns were normal with minimal
daytime drowsiness. Those students that live in cities had sleep patterns were
not normal and daytime drowsiness was reported very often. When a siesta time
was introduced to students in villages and cities sleep patterns improved and
reports of daytime drowsiness declined.
Richter, Ruthann. "Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic." News Center.
Stanford Medicine News Center, 1970. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.
This study from Ruthann Richter and posted to the University of Stanfords
medical news center, discusses the effects of start time on schools and the
production of students. While observing Students it was found that as kids got
older their bodies naturally wanted to go to bed later and wake up later. When a
school district studied the effect of a later start time on student production they
found that attendance rates and grades went up, while depression and daily
drowsiness decreased. Richter found that the amount of time students were
doing extra sleep on the weekends was still not enough to make up for lost sleep.

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Also when students took naps to make up for lost sleep they pushed back the
time they went to bed resulting in more lost sleep.
This article was posted October 8, 2015, one year ago. It comes from Stanford
Universitys medical news center, connected to the Stanford School of Medicine.
Ruthann Richter is the director of media relations for the school's office of
communication and public affairs. Her email is present and the website says to
contact the office of communication and public affairs for more information. The
article produces no bias by stating evidence and statistics from research
conducted from other credible sources.
Shin, Chol, et al. "Sleep Habits, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness And School
Performance In High School Students." Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences 57.4
(2003): 451-453. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.
This study, done in 10 High Schools in Seoul, South Korea, found that 34.7% of
students at the High Schools went to bed after midnight, and that 52.5% of
students woke up before 7. Along with that it was found that the average amount
of sleep for boys and girls was 6.4 hours a day, which was state to be insufficient
for teens during puberty. Shin believes that insufficient sleep may be caused by
an increase of academic demands, increasing social opportunities, and an
increased availability to alcohol and drugs. Shin also reported that sleep debt
increased as grade levels rose. Although this study takes place in Japan many
of the same distractions affect students here in the united states.

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TAKEMURA, TAKAUBU, et al. "Sleep Habits Of Students Attending Elementary
Schools, And Junior And Senior High Schools In Akita Prefecture." Psychiatry &
Clinical Neurosciences 56.3 (2002): 241-242. Academic Search Premier. Web.
27 Nov. 2016.
Questionnaires on sleep habits of Senior High School, Junior High School, and
Elementary School students was sent out to 658 students at 25 elementary
schools averaging 10 years old, 803 students at 24 Jr High Schools averaging
13 years old, and 705 to 18 Senior High Schools averaging 16 years old. There
were a total of 578 questionnaires sent in from elementary students, 495 from jr.
High School students, and 577 Senior High School Students. It was found that
as age grew the total amount of sleep that students got decreased. Takemra
found that Senior High School students slept on average 6 hours and 58 minutes
on weekdays and added 80 or more minutes on the weekends, with 52.5% of
students reporting that they did not get enough sleep on weekdays. Along with
nighttime sleep habits daytime naps were studied as well and sleep times were
found to be longer for those who did not get enough sleep at night.
TANAKA, HIDEKI, et al. "An Examination Of Sleep Health, Lifestyle And Mental Health
In Junior High School Students." Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences 56.3
(2002): 235-236. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Dec. 2016.
It was found that poor sleep habits severely affected the emotional and physical
health of students. When poor sleeping habits were studied it was found that
students were more likely to doze in school severely affecting the learning
process. Students who didnt eat breakfast along with having poor sleep were

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affected the most. Tanaka reported that illness was more likely to occur in
students with poor sleeping habits. Although this study was done on jr high
students it is still relevant to high school because students become more busy
and get less sleep.
Urner, Martin, Jure Tornic, and Konrad E. Bloch. "Sleep Patterns In High School And
University Students: A Longitudinal Study." Chronobiology International: The
Journal Of Biological & Medical Rhythm Research 26.6 (2009): 1222-1234.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Dec. 2016.
In this study, looking at how sleep patterns change as you go from high school to
college, it was found that students sleep patterns did not have much of a change.
They stayed at around 6.5 hours a night. All of the students reported having a
desire to sleep longer on weekends and holidays suggesting an overall sleep
deficit. Even though the social atmosphere of high school and college are
different it was found that students were still losing the same amount of sleep.
Zhou, Ying, et al. "Bullying As A Risk For Poor Sleep Quality Among High School
Students In China." Plos ONE 10.3 (2015): 1-14. Academic Search Premier.
Web. 1 Dec. 2016.
In Zhous study it was found that women and high school seniors were most
likely to suffer from poor sleep. She found that students that were either victims
of bullying or bullies themselves reported a much high amount of sleep loss. As
the amount of bullying increased the amount of poor sleep quality was reported.
When students reported healthy home and social lives the possibility of poor
sleep was much lower.

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