RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEPING HABITS AND ACADEMIC

ACHIEVEMENT OF GRADE 12 HUMSS HONOR STUDENTS

A Research
Presented to the Faculty of the
Senior High School Department
SEPAKER EUGENIO PEREZ NATIONAL AGRICLTURAL SCHOOL
San Carlos City, Pangasinan

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in

Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion

Soriano, Melvin F.

Reyes, Jhocel P.

Jarillo, Julie Anna

Palaganas, Marc F.

Mondares, Clarence P.

Lavarias, Crystal
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Sleep is a normal recurrent event. A mental and physical state characterized by

changes sensory activity that is reasonably populated, consciousness practically all voluntary

muscles are inhabited, and reduced contacts with the environment The majority of people

sleep during the night. The body's systems are in an anabolic condition, which aids in weight

loss to heal the immunological system, neurological system, skeletal system, and muscular

system systems. Sleep patterns were classified as behaviors such as going to bed on time,

getting up on time, drinking coffee at night, sleeping for a long time, and taking sleeping

drugs. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) have called the total loss of

sleep as “Sleep Debt”. Teenagers (aged 14-17) require at least 8-10 hours of sleep, and young

adults (aged 18-25) require at least 7-9 hours at night as stated by the National Sleep

Foundation (NSF, 2015). In the same study, the NSF did not recommend less than 7 hours of

sleep for teenagers and less than 6 hours of sleep for young adults, respectively. Less sleep at

night also meant sleep loss adds up. Students often complained they do not get enough sleep

at night, which affected their day time activities. Not getting enough sleep was a common

issue among college students and high school students alike.

Sleep is as essential to human health as food and water, but many of us are sleep

deprived. Inadequate sleep, Sleep deprivation or interruptions to the sleep-wake cycle have an

impact on how people perform during the day, causing tiredness, dizziness, and weariness.

HUMSS have a lot of different sleeping habits, students who grow up in a culture that

encourages them to be frugal sleep deprivation, academic work, and social obligations
pursuits. Poor sleep hygiene can be caused by a variety of factors Caffeine, alcohol,

stimulants, technology, and the use of social media platforms, in particular, preventing pupils

from getting enough sleep and quality. Poor sleep, according to research, has an immediate

negative impact exercise has a detrimental impact on a person's hormones brain function and

performance.

Poor sleeping habits were also prevalent in the Philippines. According to the Healthy

Living Index Survey, Filipinos have one of the highest rates of sleep deprivation in Asia.

According to the survey, 46% of people do not get enough sleep, and 32% sleep for less than

six hours (2016). Technology may play a role in why excellent sleep habits are difficult to

maintain. Tan (2018) claimed that artificial light has eliminated the night, and that television,

phones, and tablets have extended waking hours, not merely because of work and play, but

also because they produce a blue light that stimulates increased awake.

Getting the required amount of sleep can be difficult with all of the duties we have as
practitioners, academics, and family members. The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention declared insufficient sleep to be a public health issue earlier this year. Getting
enough sleep has been proven to be beneficial to our health in numerous research. Dr. Dinges
explains, "We know for sure that sleep performs various roles." "Nature is frugal in that it
frequently employs a single system or biology in various ways to improve an organism's
functioning."

Students should get the proper amount of sleep at night to help stay focused, improve
concentration, and improve academic performance. Children and adolescents who do not get
enough sleep are more likely to suffer from obesity, type 2 diabetes, poor mental health, and
injuries.
"Students should receive the right amount of sleep at night to help stay focused,
increase concentration, and improve academic performance," according to the CDC Healthy.
Children and adolescents who do not get enough sleep are more likely to suffer from obesity,
type 2 diabetes, poor mental health, and injuries.

The majority of students are unaware that their sleeping habits can have an impact on
their academic performance. In terms of academic achievement, when people are cramming
and not resting, the key knowledge they learned and believed they had memorized
essentially slips out of their brain, and they will have difficulty recalling it the next day. Apart
from that, pupils who do not sleep or wake up at the same times every day are more likely to
receive poor grades. Significant discrepancies in grade point averages can be found between
regular and irregular pupils. Students with erratic sleeping patterns had lower ratings, near to
zero, whereas habitual sleepers received higher values, close to 100. (Knight, 2017)

Meanwhile, stress is one cause of insomnia, while others can be attributed to "early
school and work hours," a lack of exercise, and nighttime traditions that would be altered. In
this scenario, kids express the need for sleep in order to prevent being weary and completing
their schoolwork properly, as attention is compromised (Merenheimo, 2018).
According to Nasim et al., (2018), nearly half of teenagers experience sleep
deprivation during the week and three-quarters do not feel refreshed in the morning. Regular
daytime napping is observed throughout the week, according to the study. A variety of
biological, demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors have been linked to sleep
deprivation in Saudi Arabian youth. Given the negative effects of sleep deprivation on one's
health, academic performance, and societal well-being, preventive measures should be taken.
The importance of sleep and the implications of sleep deprivation are promoted by delaying
the start of school in the morning and promoting sleep hygiene behaviors among teenagers
and the general public.

In addition to sleeping habits, of course, it has an impact on judgment and mental

sharpness, among other things numerous types of cognitive tasks everyone, however, is
unique different. One person may be able to function with fewer resources. While one person

may require only 6 hours of sleep, another may require a whole 8 hours. Any sleep

deprivation for an extended period of time will have an impact on your mood amount of

energy and capacity to concentrate, focus, and learn It has a direct impact on your academic

success ( Dr. Alapat, Philip).

Understanding the underlying issues that contribute to sleep deprivation can also help

students determine which aspects of their daily routine should be altered. Knowing the

dangers of sleep deprivation may persuade youngsters to get enough sleep no matter how

hectic their schedule is.

Statement of the Problem

1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Section

2. To what extent does adequate sleep is affected by the following:

a. mobile devices

b. caffeinated beverages

c. schedule of sleep and waking up

d. school works

3. What is the extent of effects in academic achievements does these sleeping habits do.

Significance of the study

 The findings of this research will be valuable to the field. The following will be significant

to everyone. What is students' sleeping habits and how does this relate to their academic

achievement.

The students:

The information gathered from this research will be useful in the future allow kids to

understand how sleeplessness affects them their academic performance is influenced by their

behavior this will raise awareness about the significance of sleep and how to get enough of it

how it affects their lives, particularly their children's lives their education and health.

The Teachers:

This acts as a wake-up call for educators’ kids aren't aware of the magnitude of their sleeping

habits as well as the teachers. This will also assist them in achieving their goals make

conditions for them to remember how to teach their students. Sleep is quite important. They

will be able to grow and develop find out how to avoid sleep deprivation.

The parents:

Parents will profit from this as well, since they will see that their children are learning. They

should provide direction and discipline to their children. Parents will become more aware as a

result of this research. People are aware that their sleeping habits can have an impact on their

health youngsters, in particular their studies They will have the ability to be aware that they

must provide complete parental monitoring to their offspring.

The future researchers:

The study's findings will be used as a guide material as well as a roadmap for future scholars

conduct a similar study on the effects of self-reporting on HUMSS students' sleeping habits

and their relationship to their academic performance.

Scope and Delimitation

Our study was limited to only the Grade 12 Humanities and Social Science

Students of Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School, which disqualifies students

from other schools. Having respondents of just one school did significantly shorten the

sample size. This also eliminated the junior high school students, and other academic and

vocational strands that attends SEPNAS.

Chapter II

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK & REVIEW OF RELATED LITEATURE

Theoretical Framework

Self-Care Deficit theory

The Self-Care Deficit Theory by Dorothea Orem focused on each individual’s ability

to perform self-care, defined as the practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform
on their own behalf in maintaining life, health, and well-being. This theory was composed of

three theories: the theory of self-care, the self-care deficit theory and the theory of nursing

systems. For the theory of self-care, we had emphasized the maintenance of a balance

between activity and rest. This was a part of the universal self-care requisites, which suggests

an individual must recognize when they were not maintaining a balance of exercise and rest.

For a senior high school student, it can prove to be challenging to choose rest overactivity.

Whether it be school work or studying, they must sacrifice their rest to participate in these

activities. This balance between exercise and rest also includes a balance between solitude

and social interaction. For a student, these tasks may prove difficult because some students

cannot properly balance these aspects. Many students claim they don’t have enough sleep at

night and they participate in activities. Activities may include social interaction with their

classmates or friends, which can get in the way of adequately resting. Solitude could also

result in no balance between rest and activity, as a student could be studying alone and not

forming study groups or getting proper rest.

Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 presented the conceptual paradigm of the study. In the presentation of the

research paradigm, the input-process-output-model was utilized. The inputs were the

respondent's demographics, their understanding of getting adequate sleep for overall health

and satisfactory academic performance. The process of gathering data about sleep habits by

the students of the Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School with selective

sampling technique is in survey questionnaires through google forms. The proposed

guidelines for the increased understanding of the importance of getting adequate sleep would

be the output.
 Input Process Output

1. Demographic profiles of Descriptive quantitative Recommendations to

the respondents in terms of research design by utilizing increase the level of
the following: selective sampling understanding the
A. Age technique by the use of: importance of getting
B. Sex A. Survey adequate sleep in Senior
C. Section questionnaires High School HUMSS
2. To understand the through google Students.
importance of getting forms
adequate sleep for overall B. Purposive non-
health and good academic random Sampling
performance in terms of C. Data analysis using
the following: frequency and
A. Avoiding mobile percentage.
devices before D. Pearson’s R to
sleep evaluate the
B. Avoiding relationship
caffeinated between the two
beverages variables.
C. Creating and
following a set of
sleep and wake up
schedules.
D. Finding a
relationship
between school
work and stress.

Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis

Sleeping Habits will in all ways affect students’ academic performance. Their

minds become disturb and the result is lack of focus in studies which become the

cause of bad performance at the end.

Null Hypothesis
 Student’s sleeping habits and routine has nothing to do with their academic

performance. It is their efforts and dedication that results to their outstanding

performance, and their irresponsibility and laziness that causes them bad performance

in school.

Definition of Terms

Consciousness- refers to your individual awareness of your unique thoughts,

memories, feelings, sensations, and environments. Essentially, your consciousness is

your awareness of yourself and the world around you.

Mental State- a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively
constant even though the state itself may be dynamic

Anabolic Condition- The term "anabolic" means the use of body energy to promote
growth and regulate constructive metabolism.
Immunological system- The immune system protects your body from outside
invaders. These include germs such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and toxins
(chemicals made by microbes). The immune system is made up of different organs,
cells, and proteins that work together.
Neurological System- is the major controlling, regulatory, and communicating
system in the body. It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning,
and memory.

Sleep Debt- Sleep debt is when you sleep fewer hours than your body needs. It’s
cumulative, meaning that if you regularly get less sleep than you should, you’re going to
have more sleep debt.
Sleep Deprived/ Deprivation- refers to getting less than the needed amount of sleep,
which, for adults, ranges from seven to nine hours2 of sleep per night.

Inadequate Sleep- such as not sleeping long enough overall or having poor quality
sleep—affects both how we feel and how we function.

Sleep Wake Cycle- refers to the pattern of time we spend awake and asleep every 24
hours. For humans, the 24-hour clock is divided between approximately eight hours of
sleep and 16 hours of wakefulness. The most significant role of the sleep-wake cycle
is to consolidate sleep2 during the night, helping you stay awake during the day.

Detrimental Impact- something that is detrimental to something else has a harmful

or damaging effect on it.

Circadian Rhythm- are physical, mental, and behavioral rhythms that are around 24
hours in duration, are intrinsic to the individual, and respond to light and dark. Your
body essentially has a 24-hour internal clock. This clock controls a number of
processes, including sleep-wake cycles.

Anxiety/ Depression- Anxiety and depression are two of the most common mental
health concerns in our society. They are often experienced as a complex set of
emotional and functional challenges.

Hypersomnia- is a condition in which you feel extreme daytime sleepiness despite

getting sleep that should be adequate (or more than adequate).

Exhaustion- the feeling of extreme tiredness.

Lack of Focus- disorders may cause memory and concentration problems in adults or
lack of focus in children. Sleep improves us, rejuvenates our body and mind.
Therefore, when we are sleepless, we feel unable to focus at work or to concentrate on
any task at school.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Foreign

Most students probably know that depriving themselves of sleep was bad, but

they were willing to sacrifice sleep and as a consequence, health, telling themselves it

was just for a short time and they can soon start sleeping 12-hours a day once the

semester drew to a close (Segaren 2018). This information highlights that student are

aware that getting more sleep was better for them, but they prioritized their studies

instead. Students who care for their academic performance tend to do it because they

want good grades. Sleeping for a long time can also negatively affect the student, as it

can force their bodies to adjust to an inconsistent sleeping pattern and circadian

rhythm.
 Going from sleeping for a short amount of time, a longer period wasn’t the

only way the circadian rhythm could be altered. Using mobile phones meant the

exposure of blue light may be considered contributing to circadian issues. Using

mobile phones at night could diminish the quality of sleep quality, resulting in fatigue

and impairing the psychological function (Kawada, 2017). In the current year of 2020,

students were often seen clinging to their cellphones. Their phones held an assortment

of essential applications that store their notes and documents and social and leisure

applications such as Facebook and games. When a student or individual has difficulty

sleeping at night or wishes to relax at the end of the day, they tend to turn to their

phones for aid. This proved to be detrimental to their sleep schedule, as time can “fly”

when using a phone during the night. However, this can also cause a distraction,

which affected a student’s academic performance and contributed to a student being

tired during the day.

Daytime sleepiness was also a struggle many students face, and to get rid of

this, the favored drug was caffeine. Caffeine was used by more than 80% of the

world’s population and was commonly found in coffee, tea, caffeinated soft drinks,

energy drinks, and chocolates (AlSharif et al., 2018). It was no secret that the favorite

caffeinated beverage of the world was coffee. In the 2018 study made by the National

Coffee Association (NCA), 52.4% of students used coffee as a “pick-me-up”

beverage. While this was a decent temporary solution, there would inevitably be a

crash in with the individual experiences once the effects of caffeine wear off. If this

happened in the middle of the day, one could always take a short nap to catch up on

their sleep. However, a student was still in school during the day and had to choose to

stay awake and focused during their class or have another coffee cup—this action of
drinking multiple cups of coffee throughout the day as a consequence. During the

evening, caffeine could still be in their system, and they struggled to sleep at night

until there was no effect from the coffee. The student then slept late and waked up

early to start the cycle over again. If the student also had a test to study beforehand,

they used coffee to stay awake and study as much as before their exam. In

undergraduate students, those consuming caffeine received significantly fewer hours

of sleep per night compared to students reporting no caffeine intake, especially

between non-caffeine consumers versus those consuming high levels of caffeine. The

GPA of non-caffeine consumers was significantly higher than that of caffeine

consumers (Gabrish, 2017). Students are turning to caffeine face consequences if they

consumed during the day or at night. In the long run, students would negatively

impact their academic performance if they use caffeine as a replacement for sleep or

to compensate for lack of sleep. The findings of this study can be used to educate

students on what caffeine consumption would eventually do to them and emphasise

the importance of sleep.

Local

The Philippines ranked 4th spot among other countries experiencing sleep

deprivation, based on a recent study by Sleep Cycle. They claimed that the lack of

sleep or sleep deprivation might sabotage one’s mental and physical health at risk

causing short-term and long-term memory problems, mood swings, anxiety and

depression, inability to focus, weight gain, and others (The Filipino Times, 2019). For

senior high school students having short-term and long-term memory problems

inhibited their ability to learn properly. Since the study was recent, it means that

people are not getting enough sleep at night still. Coupled with the inability to focus,
it can further prevent students from paying attention in class or doing their school

work. Lack of sleep contributes to a student’s anxiety, which can be worsened by

having unsatisfactory grades.

Consistent delay in the circadian rhythm or the sleep-wake cycle caused the

students to perform better later than in the early morning. Medical or health-related

students with late evening class schedule and an early morning duty rotation have

lesser sleeping time. This pattern may result in sleep problems, such as insomnia,

increased daytime sleepiness or hypersomnia during the weekends (Basa et al., 2017).

Students with class schedules that keep them at school longer and get them up earlier

in the morning had taken a toll on how much sleep they get. Students had to sacrifice

their own sleep time to prepare for the next day, whether they have duty in the

morning or just another early class. This sacrifice of sleep would eventually build up

their sleep debt as they continually put off sleep for responsibilities to themselves or

to their academics.

Ateneo de Manila University claimed why sleep-deprived students need a

break to regain their energy, and the ideal nap was 10-20 minutes (2019). In this same

article, they mentioned having a room called the “blue snooze”. This room was

specifically for students who just want to take a nap. This idea of giving students a

place to sleep was a great way to catch up on sleep debt. It was hard to find a quiet

position on campus to rest and have a small break during the day. Implementing a

room would benefit the student’s energy for the rest of their day and encourage

students to sleep when they have time to. It could also help fight against daytime

sleepiness, so they had more concentration in class.

 A student’s workload can get in the way of their sleep as well. It was revealed

that workload, as represented by the number of units, enrolled increases the likelihood

of experiencing exhaustion (Velasco 2019). The study claimed the average teams

registered were 17.64, which affected their levels of fatigue. It further stated that

students' exhaustion impacted their sleep and consequently impaired their

concentration in class.

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design
The study had utilized a quantitative, descriptive correlational research design.

Quantitative research was defined as a structured collection of data and could be

represented numerically (Matthews & Ross, 2020). In this study, the researchers had

collected data on Grade 12 HUMSS students’ sleeping habits and academic

performance. Descriptive research hypothesized that problems can be solved and

practices improved through observation, analysis, and description (Koh & Owen,

2020). The researchers intended to describe how sleeping habits can affect academic

performance and other contributing factors. According to Lillykutty & Samson

(2018), correlational research measures two or more pertinent variables in the same

sample and assesses a relationship between them. The study was correlational because

it compared two variables: Grade 12 HUMSS students' sleeping habits and their
academic performance. The participants of the study were Grade 12 HUMSS students

of the Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School.

This study used data that evaluated the relationship of Grade 12 HUMSS

students' sleep habits and their academic performance and the significant finding with

a quantitative approach, the research was able to used statistical tools such as a

questionnaire. The tools aided to analyze and compute the data and its results.

Duration and Locale of the Study

The study was conducted in Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural
School

Senior High School in the Municipality of San Carlos City, Pangasinan in Roxas

Boulevard, during the second semester of School year 2021-2022. It involves 7

sections in Grade 12 namely HUMSS A, HUMSS B, HUMSS C, HUMSS D,

HUMSS E, HUMSS F and HUMSS G, filling the survey questionnaire that

researchers gave to them through google forms. The study was concerned with

relationship between sleeping habits and academic performance of HUMSS students.

The study was limited only for Honor students of Grade 12 Humanities and Social

Sciences students around Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School.

Population and Participants

The sources of data that will be used are the students of Speaker Eugenio

Perez National Agricultural School. Specifically, the Grade 12 Humanities and Social

Science Students Honor Students with an average of 90% and above for the first

semester of school year 2021-2022.

The researchers will be using purposive non-random sampling. Purposive sampling,

also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling, is a type of non-

probability sampling in which researchers choose people from the public to

participate in their surveys based on their own opinion. The researchers will send the

link of the survey via google forms to the participants who are available to take part

for the data collection of the study.

Materials and Procedures

This study aimed to provide and gather information needed; researchers

utilized questionnaires that compiled questions the researchers created in combination

with existing questionnaires relevant to this study. This questionnaire was used as the

main data-gathering for this study to determine and describe the other contributing

factors encountered by the Grade 12 HUMSS Students that affect their sleeping

pattern and describe its relationship to their academic performance. The tools used by

the researchers which are divided into three parts are discussed.

Part I consisted of the items which gather information on participants’

demographic profiles such as course, year, age and sex.

Part II research instrument was intended to gather data regarding the extent of

effects inadequate sleep for overall health and their exemplary academic performance

in terms of the following mobile devices, caffeinated beverages, wake-up schedule,

school work, or stress related to school.

Part III aimed to assess the relationship between the sleeping habits and

academic performance of the honor students of SEPNAS.

Tools for Data Analysis
To analyze the problems in regards to the demographic profile, the researchers

used the following formulas:

Percentage and Frequency

F
Frequency= x 100 %
n

Where:

F= Frequency counts

n = Number of participants

Weighted Mean:

W . M .=∑ fx /n

Where:

W.M. = Weighted Mean

f = Frequency

x = Number of participants to the rating

n = Number of respondents

To analyze the effects of adequate sleep and good academic performance, the

researchers used the Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson’s R). The formula was:

N ∑ xy− (∑ x ) ( ∑ y )
r=
¿¿
Where:

N = Number of respondents

∑ x=¿ Sum of the hours of sleep

∑ y=¿ Sum of the participants negatively affected by sleep

∑ xy=¿ Sum of the products of hours of sleep and negatively affected by sleep
 2
∑ x =¿ Sum of squared hours of sleep
2
∑ y =¿ Sum of squared negatively affected by sleep