Department of Education

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

Division of City Schools

THE IMPACT OF SLEEP PATTERNS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A STUDY

OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS AT AYALA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

In partial fulfilment for the requirements in Practical Research 1

Research Proposal

Raphael V. Chavez
Jhonn Pretz R. Cueco
Jessel Ganot
Seif V. Jumaarin
Rodz Mangasang
Kurt Kimber R. Mariwa
Wilson M. Salahuddin
Jacob Caezar O. Solibas
Christian Jhon N. Umpad

11-HUMSS-A Researchers

Caressa E. Taguiang
Practical Research I Adviser

Ayala National High School

Division of Zamboanga City

April 2024
 1

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Sleep is a crucial biological imperative for maintaining mental and

physical health, and it plays a vital role in the development of children and
adolescents. Inadequate sleep for students can lead to myriad adverse
effects, particularly on academic performance, such as poor grades,
drowsiness, inattentiveness in class, and an inability to focus (Richter, 2015).

Numerous studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of sleep

deprivation or excess. For example, Carskadon MA showed that insufficient
sleep leads to daytime sleepiness, poor self-rated sleep quality, increased
vulnerability to accidents, and poor school achievement. Lack of sleep
causes feelings of sleepiness, decreased levels of alertness or concentration,
and, in many cases, unanticipated sleep. The National Sleep Foundation
recommends that high school students ages 16-17 and above need about
eight to ten hours of sleep each night. Despite the sleepiness students may
feel the next day, sacrificing sleep may feel like the only way to get
everything done.

Lack of sleep can also lead to social strain, emotional instability, and
health problems, which can negatively affect students. It is important to
understand why students may neglect sleep and how to teach them the
importance of sleep so that they can improve their health and well-being
(Orzech et al., 2011). Sleeping habits can affect students' academic
performance due to their lack of sleep. Sleep is critical for consolidating
memories. In experimental settings, study results show better performance if
you learn material and then sleep on it, instead of remaining awake.
Therefore, there is lots of evidence indicating that sleep promotes memory
strengthening and consolidation.
This study aims to describe sleep patterns and frequency of daytime
sleepiness and to assess the association between sleep duration and
academic performance among students who lack sleep.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to find out the relationship between sleeping habits to
the academic performance of G11 students.
Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:
 2

1. What is the Level of academic performance of G11 students with respect

to their Sleep Quality Scale Category, in terms of:

a. Age

b. Sex

2. How does Sleep deprivation affect the academic performance of the G11
students?

3. Is there a significant difference of the Academic Performance of G11

students with different Sleep Quality Scale category?

HYPOTHESIS
There is a significant difference on the academic level of the Grade 11
students of Ayala National High School with regards to their Sleep Quality
Category.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant to the following:
The Students – they should get the proper amount of sleep at night to help
stay focused, improve concentration, and improve academic performance.
The Teachers – improves their job performance but also helps them retain
more information.
The Researcher – It is significant for the researcher for it tackles crucial
inquiries and provides information about the correlation of sleep deprivation
and academic performance of Grade 11 HUMSS Students.
The Parents – It provides information regarding sleep deprivation and
promotes good parenting skills that foster wellness for their offspring.
The Future Researchers – It gives foundational knowledge regarding sleep
deprivation and provides them the research gap of this study to further
improve.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study is focused on exploring the sleeping habits and the
academic performance of G11 students. This study will be conducted in Ayala
National High School. Gathering of data will be done through questionnaire
adapted from SQS by (Shahid 2011) and First Semester General Average will
be gathered from the participants advisers.
 3

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Sleeping Habits - Sleep habits were defined as that behavior pertaining to

time to bed, time to rise, drinking coffee at night, duration of night sleep and
consumption of sleeping pills.

Academic Performance - Academic performance is the measurement of

student achievement across various academic subjects. Teachers and
education officials typically measure achievement using classroom
performance, graduation rates, and results from standardized tests.

Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) - The Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) is a self-report
scale designed to measure six domains of sleep quality consisting of 28
items. This quiz may help your ENT doctor in evaluating sleep quality as it
includes questions regarding: Daytime symptoms. Restoration after sleep.
Problems initiating sleep.
 4

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Sleeping Habits
According to Giri, PA 2013, sleep issues and their signs linked to sleep
disorders have been poorly understood in addition to being overlooked.
Nearly one-third of adults say they have trouble falling asleep. It is well
established that age, occupational demands, physiological and behavioral
factors, psychiatric disease, and various medical illnesses can all affect a
subject’s sleep and wakefulness patterns.
The importance of sleep and issues associated to lack of sleep has
increased during the past several years. This interest is generally generated
by the realization that weariness and drowsiness are spreading throughout
society. Even itself is in short supply for young physicians in their training
years since they work long hours at the hospital followed by late nights
studying for exams in medical school.
Children’s sleep patterns vary not only with age but also depending on
racial and sociocultural factors. Sleep may be affected by lifestyle choices,
cultural norms, and family values. The definition of sleep issues is influenced
by the psychosocial and cultural environments in which young children’s
sleep habits and bedtime routines develop. (Gianotti 2016) The effectiveness
of sleep has a big impact on multiple factors, including stress, have an
impact on both cognitive function and physical strength. Unlike what is
desirable, medical students experience stress and lack of sleep during the
periods when they should be learning the most. However, a lackluster night’s
sleep may also have a detrimental effect on test results, creating a vicious
cycle. (Alqarni 2018).
There is a growing understanding of the relationship between
university student’s academic performance and sleep hygiene. However, the
connection between academic performance and sleep quality and the
association between sleep quality and academic performance among Taif
University’s medical students was explored in this study. While performance
has previously been examined in Saudi Arabia, Taif City has not. A 2012
study found that, when preparing for exams, 59% of all individuals showed
clinically meaningful sleep disruptions. During the semester, 29%, and after
the exam, 8% (1). In a separate study conducted in Spanish, it was
discovered that 43.3% of students had low academic performance during the
previous semester, 79.3% were poor sleepers, and 49.8% of students met
the criteria for excessive daytime sleepiness. Poor academic performance
was statistically linked to sleep efficiency below 65% in the multivariate
analysis.
Academic Performance
 5

According to BaHammam, 2012, The current study shows a definite

link between medical student’s sleep/wake patterns and academic
achievement. Academic achievement was linked to specific sleep patterns.
On both weekdays and weekends, staying up later to sleep was linked to
poorer academic achievement. These results corroborate a study on first-
year college students that found that students with later bedtimes on
weekdays have lower levels of stress and weekends showed poorer results.
The ongoing demands of education Poor sleep quality and
unpredictable sleep/wake patterns may be caused by this group of pupils,
which may have an adverse effect on academic performance. Most of the
time, teachers and students are unaware of the impact sleep hygiene
performance in the classroom. In general, the literature does not go far
enough in addressing the connection between sleep/wake patterns and
academic performance of medical students. As a result, we created this
study to examine how sleep patterns and sleep duration relate to academic
achievement in a large sample of students who are in good health.
Lastly the outcomes revealed that sleep deprivation results in fatigue,
the researchers theme is centered on "Sleep Deprivation and Academic
Performance" which is anchored on the results of diminished cognitive
abilities, and irritable behavior. This community could serve as an alumni
network, offering mentorship and support to mitigate sleep deprivation and
promote academic achievement. (Cort-Blackson, 2018)
Sleeping Habits and Academic Performance
According to Gómez, 2021 Because of this, research into the
connections between sleep and cognitive functions like motivation, learning
ability, and memory has been more popular in recent years. Studies that link
sleep to academic issues, however, are few, despite evidence from earlier
authors that less sleep among teenagers and university students was linked
to poor academic performance, accidents, and obesity.
Since getting enough sleep is important for a variety of the
neuroendocrine system, biological clock, and biochemical processes interact
to produce sleep, which is a complicated phenomenon with important
environmental, social, and cultural components, in the adolescent and young
stages of life. Chronic sleep deprivation is a growing concern among young
college students and adolescents because it is linked to poorer clinical and
physical outcomes. Duties during the day, including sleeping soundly at
night, getting enough sleep also affects how effectively university students
absorb new material.
 6

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

Research Design
This study will utilize descriptive - correlational research design. The
level of Sleeping Habits and the level of Academic Performance will be
obtained from the study and the relationship between these two variables
will be identified.
Participants
The study will involve Grade 11 high school students from Ayala
National High School as participants. These seniors, between the ages of 16
and 18, will be in a crucial stage of their academic careers as they prepare
for college. It will be important for them to excel in their chosen subjects and
have a strong understanding of academic concepts. Senior high school
students are often more prone to sleep disturbances due to the expectations
of academic success and their sleep patterns can significantly impact their
academic performance. By focusing on senior high school students, the
study will shed light on the relationship between sleeping habits and
academic performance.
Research Sampling
For this study, the researchers will select a sample of 1,202 Grade 11
high school students from Ayala National High School using the Cluster
sampling technique. The appropriate sample size required for this study will
be approximately 400 students, which will be determined using Slovin's
formula. Once the researchers have assessed the degree of sleeping habits
and academic performance, a representative sample of each section will be
randomly chosen for participation in the study. The researchers will include 7
sections in the research study.
Research Instrument
A 28-item questionnaire is used to gather the relevant data for the study. It
includes items to ascertain respondents' academic performance and 28
items to ascertain their sleeping patterns, which were modified from (Shahid
2011), “Sleep Quality Scale (SQS)". Using a four-point, Likert-type scale,
respondents indicate how frequently they exhibit certain sleep behaviors, (1)
Never, (2) Rarely, (3) Sometimes, (4) Always. Restoration after sleep
and satisfaction with sleep and are reversed before being tallied. Total
scores can range from 0 to 84, with higher scores demoting more acute
sleep problems. Rate of 1-28 is low level of sleeping habits, 29-56 rate is
Moderate level of sleeping habits, 57-84 rate is high level of sleeping habits.
( See Appendix A )
 7

Aside from Likert Scale the Researcher will also use "Interview". The
questions were adapted from Maureen Cort-Blackson 2018 research on “The
Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Online University Students” interview
questions and were slightly modified to cater the G11 Senior High School
Students.
The researcher will randomly select 30 participants for the interview, to be
able to cater research problem no. 4 (Interview question please refer to
Appendix B)
Academic performance will be measured using the general average in
the first semester of the participants to analyze the overall performance of
the students. A grade of 90-100 indicates outstanding performance, 85-89
indicates very satisfactory performance, 80-84 indicates satisfactory
performance, 75-79 indicates fairly satisfactory performance, 75 below
indicates failed performance.
Data Gathering Procedure
The school administration will be requested to authorize the research
before data collection can begin. Participants will be selected from the senior
high school population of Ayala National High School. Prior to distributing the
questionnaire, participants will be informed about the study and asked to
provide their consent. The Sleeping Quality Scale, modified from Shahid,
Azmeh, Kate Wilkinson, Shai Marcu, and Colin M. Shapiro, will be utilized to
determine sleeping patterns. The survey will be administered using either
Google Form or paper questionnaires. Participants will receive instructions on
how to complete the questionnaire and will have the opportunity to ask
questions if they have any queries. The average of each subject's first
semester grade will be utilized if participants are willing to provide copies of
their academic records. The grades will be obtained from either their
advisors or directly from them. Additionally, the participants' report cards or
academic performance records will be obtained from each of their subject
professors. Throughout the data collection phase, the researchers will
maintain ethical standards and preserve the confidentiality of the collected
data while monitoring academic achievement.
Data Analysis and Statistical Tool
This study will apply descriptive statistics (mean and standard
deviation) in presenting the level of Sleeping Habits and Academic
Performance. To determine whether a significant relationship exists,
Spearman rho will be conducted.
Thematic Analysis will be used to transcribe the interviewee's perception on
the interview questions.
 8

REFERENCES
Ahrberg, K., M. Dresler, S. Niedermaier, A. Steiger, and L. Genzel. “The
Interaction between Sleep Quality and Academic Performance.” Journal of
Psychiatric Research 46, no. 12 (December 2012): 1618–22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.09.008.
Alqarni, Ayeshah Beeshi, Nouf Jafar Alzahrani, and Mohammed Ateih
Alsofyani. “The Interaction between Sleep Quality and Academic
Performance among the Medical Students in Taif University.” The Egyptian
Journal of Hospital Medicine 70, no. 12 (January 2018): 2202–8.
https://doi.org/10.12816/0045053.
BaHammam, Ahmed S, Abdulrahman M Alaseem, Abdulmajeed A Alzakri,
Aljohara S Almeneessier, and Munir M Sharif. “The Relationship between
Sleep and Wake Habits and Academic Performance in Medical Students: A
Cross-Sectional Study.” BMC Medical Education 12, no. 1 (August 1, 2012).
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-12-61.
Buboltz, Walter C., Franklin Brown, and Barlow Soper. “Sleep Habits and
Patterns of College Students: A Preliminary Study.” Journal of American
College Health 50, no. 3 (November 2001): 131–35.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480109596017.
Gallego-Gómez, Juana Inés, María Teresa Rodríguez González-Moro, José
Miguel Rodríguez González-Moro, Tomás Vera-Catalán, Serafín Balanza,
Agustín Javier Simonelli-Muñoz, and José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca.
“Relationship between Sleep Habits and Academic Performance in
University Nursing Students.” BMC Nursing 20, no. 1 (June 17, 2021).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00635-x.
Giannotti, Flavia, Cortesi, Teresa Sebastiani, and Cristina Vagnoni. “Sleeping
Habits in Italian Children and Adolescents.” Sleep and Biological Rhythms 3,
no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-
8425.2005.00155.x.
Giri, PA, MP Baviskar, and DB Phalke. “Study of Sleep Habits and Sleep
Problems Among Medical Students of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences
Loni, Western Maharashtra, India.” Annals of Medical and Health Sciences
Research 3, no. 1 (2013): 51. https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.109488.
Néveus, T, J Hetta, S Cnattingius, T Tuvemo, G Läckgren, U Olsson, and A
Stenberg. “Depth of Sleep and Sleep Habits among Enuretic and Incontinent
Children.” Acta Paediatrica 88, no. 7 (January 2, 2007): 748–52.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb00036.x.
Shahid, Azmeh, Kate Wilkinson, Shai Marcu, and Colin M. Shapiro. “Sleep
Quality Scale (SQS).” STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales,
2011, 345–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_85.
 9

APPENDIX A
QUESTIONNAIRE
SLEEP QUALITY SCALE

(1) Never (2) Rarely (3) Sometimes (4) Always

ITEMS
1. I have difficulty falling asleep.
1. I fall into a deep sleep.
1. I wake up while sleeping.
1. I have a difficulty getting back to sleep once I wake up in the
middle of the night.
1. I wake up easily because of noise.
1. I toss and turn.
1. I never go back to sleep after awakening during sleep.
1. I feel refreshed after sleep.
1. I feel unlikely to sleep after sleep.
10.Poor sleep gives me headache.
11.Poor sleep makes me irritated.
12.I would like to sleep more after waking up.
13.My sleep hours are enough.
14. Poor sleep makes me lose my appetite.
15. Poor sleeps makes hard for me to think.
16. I feel vigorous after sleep.
17. Poor sleep makes me lose interest in work or others.
18. My fatigue is relieved after sleep.
19. Poor sleeps causes me to makes mistakes at work.
20. I am satisfied with my sleep.
21. Poor sleeps makes me forget things more easily.
22. Poor sleep makes it hard to concentrate at work.
23.Sleepiness interferes with my daily life.
24. Poor sleeps makes me lose desire in all things.
25. I have difficulty getting out of bed.
26. Poor sleeps makes me easily tired at work.
27. I have a clear head after sleep.
28. Poor sleep makes my life painful.
 10

APPENDIX B
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
1.Can you briefly tell me your thoughts about sleep deprivation?
2.In what ways do u think a decrease in the quality and quantity of sleep
may affect your academic performance as a Senior High School Students of
Ayala National High School?