MW Transmission Network Planning

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING
Technical Support Departement

2/28/2008
Huawei Technology Co.Ltd
Transmission Network Design Activities
Nominal Network Planning
Preliminary Equipment Specification
Final Capacity Planning

Network routing
Final Network Lay out
Equipment Specification
Map Studies, Actual LOS survey, Site Survey
Network Design
Site candidates priority from transmission point of view
Line of Sight Survey
Preliminary equipment dimensioning & design
Site Selection
Topology Selection
Transmission Media Selection
Preliminary capacity planning
Nominal network layout
Final equipment specification (Microwave BoQ)
Microwave Path & Frequency Planning
Link Budget Calculation

Prediction of Performance & Availability Calculation
Frequency Planning
2/28/2008
Nominal Network Planning
Topology Planning
There are several basic Network / Topology Planning,
each has its own advantages and disadvantages
Chain Configuration
Star Configuration
Ring Configuration
Tree Configuration
Cluster Configuration
2/28/2008
Topology Planning
Chain Configuration
This configuration is suitable
when providing radio coverage
along road
+
Low concentration of equipment at nodal

points
Cascading / multi drop possibility
High Capacities at end nodal point
Reliability issues since unavailability
targets are cumulative
2/28/2008
Topology Planning
Star Configuration
This configuration is suitable in
small network
+
Each path is independent of the rest of

traffic
Effect of link failure is limited
High concentration of equipments at
nodal point
Requires a lot of frequency channel
2/28/2008
Topology Planning
Ring Configuration
This configuration is suitable
when high availability is required
+
+
Link Availability
Theres always an alternate path in case
of link failure
BTS traffic must be connected with two
other sites
Equipment cost
All link must be able to handle the full
capacity
2/28/2008
Topology Planning
Tree Configuration
This configuration is suitable in
small to medium network
+
Ease of frequency utilization

Link Availability
Link Failure may affect some sites
2/28/2008
Topology Planning
Cluster Configuration
This configuration is suitable for
larger network. They are divided
into sub-networks or cluster and
connected to a common nodal
point
+
+
+
Availability
Shorter path from all sites to nodal point
Distributed transmission capacity
2/28/2008
Preliminary Capacity Planning
With overall picture

in mind about
topology selection,
we can now plan the
initial E1 capacities
taking into
consideration BTS
configuration
2/28/2008
Nominal Network Layout & Preliminary Equipment Specification
Refer to topology
planning and preliminary
capacity planning, we
can define the nominal
network layout &
preliminary equipment
specification
Link distance can be
measured nominally with
planning tools (map info,
digital map) refer to
Max Path Length
Calculation
2/28/2008
Site Selection (Pre-Survey Procedure)
Transmission planning team has played a major role in

deciding which site candidates are feasible or not
Need nominal coordinate of all candidates from RF team
Transmission planning team should scan the surrounding
topographical condition of each candidates and study the
possibility to all alternate far end
Mark down any possible obstruction
Site candidate priority list, from transmission point of
view should base on :
LOS possibility to far end

Surrounding topographical condition
Maximum tower height will be built (refer to land space)
Availability of leased line connection in case microwave implementation
is not possible
2/28/2008
Line of Sight (LOS) Survey
To verify that the proposed network design is feasible

considering line-of-sight constrain. LOS survey is
performed in parallel with network design
Basically, LOS survey is consist three main activities as
follows :
Map Studies
Actual Line-of-Site Survey
Site Investigation
Further details of LOS survey procedure already discuss

in the previous session
2/28/2008
Site Survey
Even when we have a clear Line of Sight of a proposed

link, we cannot declare a link is LOS before the following
requirement are met :
Tower space for the proposed antenna

Space in the vertical & horizontal tray for feeder or coaxial cable
Availability of penetration hole to the shelter
Indoor equipment space (IDU space at 19 rack)
Those above requirement can be check on site survey

Further details of Site Survey procedure already discuss
in the previous session
2/28/2008
Final Network Design & Final Equipment Specification
Refer to the result of LOS survey and Site Survey,

Transmission planner can finalized the network design
and deliver the final microwave BoQ
Microwave BoQ will cover :
Microwave Radio Frequency

Equipment configuration and capacity
Feeder / Coaxial cable length
Antenna mounting type
Requirement of 19 rack
2/28/2008
Microwave Path & Frequency Planning
At this stage, transmission planner will calculate the

performance prediction and Frequency interference
planning
Performance prediction provides information on the
expected performance of each microwave link. This is
where fading and other sort of distortion is anticipated
satisfying the intended link budget
Frequency planning provides information on the uninterfered channel on particular transmission link. This is
where exact frequencies are assigned including
recommended Tx power, calculated Rx level, antenna
size and polarization.
Both performance prediction & frequency planning can
be done with microwave planning tools e.g. Pathloss 4.0
2/28/2008
Calculating the Link Budget

POWER
Antenna
gain
Free space loss + gas

absorption + obstacle loss
Output
power
Wave Propagation
Loss
Feeder loss
Feeder loss
Received Power
Antenna
gain
Fade Margin
Receiver
Threshold Value
2/28/2008
Fade Margin should be

large enough to guarantee
that quality and availability
objectives are met during
fading condition
Performance Prediction : Fading

DIFFRACTION
REFFRACTION
2/28/2008
REFFLECTION
Performance Prediction : KPI

Unavailable Time (UAT) = A period when the BER in each second of the 10
consecutive second is worse than 10-3
Error Seconds (ES) = Seconds during which BER is worse than 10-6
Severely Error Seconds (SES) = Error seconds with a BER worse than 10-3
Degraded Minute (DM) = The percentage of the total AT during a measured
period for which the BER is worse than 10-6 but better than 10-3
UAT
DM
ES
SES
2/28/2008
: Rain Fading + Hardware Unavailability

: Rain Fading + Multipath Fading
: Rain Fading + Multipath Fading
: Multipath Fading
Performance Prediction : KPI
2/28/2008
Performance Prediction : Transmission Planning Objectives
System Flat Fade Margin > 35 dB (depend on

frequency), but recommended <50 db to avoid over
spec and interference
SESR for worst month cannot exceed 0.002% of total
available time (99.998% performance, ITU-R 1491
recommendation for PDH), which is maximum
31.2 second/month
Annual availability cannot exceed 0.005% of total time
(99.995% availability, ITU-R F.557 and F.695), which is
maximum 30 minutes/year
2/28/2008
Performance Prediction : Pathloss 4.0
2/28/2008
Performance Prediction : Microwave Equipment Dimensioning
To Improve the Fade Margin value :
To Improve the SESR value :
Increase the antenna gain (by using antenna with larger diameter)
Use high power radios (with greater transmit power)
Using space diversity antenna to overcome the multipath fading

Change the antenna position at NE and FE to get more path inclination
value. Larger path inclination value will decrease the multipath fading
To Improve the unavailability value :
Change the radio equipment to lower frequency, since Rain Fading is

the main aspect of UAT value. Rain Fading will have more impact on
high frequency system (15-38 GHz). On the frequency 7GHz or below
Rain Fading factor is not dominant.
2/28/2008
THANK YOU
2/28/2008

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MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Technical Support Departement

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Transmission Network Design Activities

Nominal Network Planning

Preliminary Equipment Specification

Final Capacity Planning

Map Studies, Actual LOS survey, Site Survey

Site candidates priority from transmission point of view

Line of Sight Survey

Preliminary equipment dimensioning & design

Final equipment specification (Microwave BoQ)

Microwave Path & Frequency Planning

Link Budget Calculation

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Nominal Network Planning

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Low concentration of equipment at nodal

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Each path is independent of the rest of

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Ease of frequency utilization

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Preliminary Capacity Planning

With overall picture

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Nominal Network Layout & Preliminary Equipment Specification

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Site Selection (Pre-Survey Procedure)

Transmission planning team has played a major role in

LOS possibility to far end

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Line of Sight (LOS) Survey

To verify that the proposed network design is feasible

Further details of LOS survey procedure already discuss

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Even when we have a clear Line of Sight of a proposed

Tower space for the proposed antenna

Those above requirement can be check on site survey

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION NETWORK PLANNING

Final Network Design & Final Equipment Specification

Refer to the result of LOS survey and Site Survey,

Microwave Radio Frequency

Huawei Technology Co.Ltd