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Comparison Table
A table showing the differences and similarities between Christianity, Islam and
Judaism.

Comparison Table between Christianity, Islam and Judaism:

This section looks at some of the differences and similarities between the three great
monotheistic faiths: Christianity, Islam and Judaism.

PDF Version.

Topic

Christianity

Islam

Judaism

Origin of the
Name

From the Greek:christos, 'Anointed' referring to Jesus Christ.

Derived from an
From the
Arabic word for
Hebrew:Yehudim,
'submission'. Also 'Judah'.
related to the Arabic
word salaam,
'peace'.

Founder

Jesus Christ
(c. 4 B.C. - 30 A.D.)

Mohammed
(570 - 632 A.D.) 1

Divisions

Abraham (First
Patriarch, born c. 1800
B.C.)

Three main
Two main groups:
groups: Orthodox, Protestant and Roman Sunni and Shia (The
Catholic.
division occured due
to a dispute as to the
legitimate successor
of the prophet
Mohammed). There
is also a
mystical/ascetic
movement in Islam
known as Sufi.

Several divisions,
including Hasidic,
Conservative and
Reform Judaism.
Ethnic groupings
include Ashkenazi
(The majority) and
Sephardi Jews.

Followers
(2009
Estimates)2

2,200 Million
(2.2 Billion)

1,500 Million
(1.5 Billion)

14 Million

Nature of God

One God, who exists in three distinct

persons (The Trinity): Father, Son and
Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:19).

One God
(Arabic: Allah), who
is not a trinity. The
Islamic view of God
is called strict
Monotheism (Quran
112:1).

One God (known in

English as 'Yahweh' or
'Jehovah') - "...Hear
Israel, the Lord is our
God, the Lord is one."
(Deuteronomy 6:4).

Holy Book(s)

The Bible (from the Greek:Biblos,

'books'), given by God to man. The Bible
writers were inspired by God in their
writings. Thus Christians refer to the
Bible as the Word of God (2 Timothy
3:16).

The Quran or Koran

(Arabic: 'recitation'),
revealed to the
prophet Mohammed
over a period of
about 20 years. The
Quran is the final
revelation given by
Allah to mankind.

The Hebrew Tanakh,

similar to the
Christian Old
Testament, comprised
of the Torah (Hebrew:
'Law'), Nevi'im
('Prophets') and
Ketuvim ('Writings').

Jesus Christ

The second person of the Trinity and born

of the Virgin Mary. "...true God from true
God"
(Nicene Creed)

Isa (Jesus) was a

An ordinary Jew, not
prophet, sent by
the Messiah nor a
Allah and born of
divine person.
the Virgin Mary, but
not divine (Quran
5:17).

Jesus Christ,
The Mission of

To reconcile Man to God, through his

death as a sacrifice for the sins of all
mankind.

To proclaim
the Injil, or gospel.
This gospel has been
corrupted over time
by human additions
and alterations.

Jesus Christ,
The Death of

"...For our sake he was crucified...he

suffered death and was buried. On the
third day he rose again...he ascended into
heaven..."
(Nicene Creed)

Jesus was not

Jesus was crucified for
crucified (Quran
his claim to be divine.
4:157), but was
raised to Heaven by
Allah (4:158).

Holy Spirit

The third person of the Trinity, truly

divine: "....with the Father and the Son he
is worshipped and glorified."
(Nicene Creed)

Identical with the

Angel Gabriel, who
appeared to the
Prophet Mohammed
giving him the
Quranic text.

Not a distinct person,

but a divine power
which for example,
was given to the
Prophets.

Other
Traditions

The writings of the early church fathers

and ecumenical councils, including the

The Hadith, a
collection of

The Talmud, an oral

tradition explaining

As Judaism rejects the

idea of Jesus
as Messiah, his
mission is of no
relevance.

Notes:
1

Musli

ms
regard

Mohammed more as the restorer of the true monotheistic faith, rather than the founder of a
new religion.
2

Figures taken from The World Almanac and Book of Facts.

Salvation in Christianity is discussed in more detail on the Comparison between Orthodoxy,

Protestantism & Roman Catholicism page.

http://christianityinview.com/xncomparison.html

PEACE in Action
COMMON ROOTS OF THREE ABRAHAMIC FAITHS:

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COMMON ROOTS OF THREE ABRAHAMIC FAITHS:

A FOUNDATION FOR PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE

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BY DOUGLAS NORELL

Four score and several thousand years ago, our Father brought forth on this
planet a new religious spirit. As this spirit evolved, it assumed the form
of monotheismbecause it affirmed only one God. The father of this new
religious impulse came to be called Abraham.
FATHER OF MANY NATIONS

Abraham is a unique figure. His name means "Father of Many Nations." Indeed he
is. We trace roots of three different, but related, world religions school God of
Abraham:

The Jews know this one God as Yahweh or Yehovah, the self-Existent or Eternal.
Jehovah, the Lord.

Muslims know this God as Allah. They say there is "No god, but God." In the
Semitic tongues, both Jews and Muslims use virtually the same word for God -only
one mark distinguishes them.

Christians know the Sacred One first in Matthew 1:23 as Emanuel, "God with
Us."

Abraham brought the world a new way to see God. This new vision of God
evolved over time and became transformed as the three Abrahamic faiths. Each
tradition remembers its origins in unique ways. For example, Christians celebrate

Of course, the Qur'an uplifts a whole string of prophets. They include Abraham's
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heirs: Jewish prophets, Jesus, and Muhammad himself. The Qur'an, then,
represents our third gift from the East.
FATHER OF COEXISTENCE

In summary, the covenant in Genesis makes Abraham the father of many nations.
It also makes Sarah and Hagar the mothers of many nations. We ought never to
get so enraptured of the Patriarchs that we forget the Matriarchs who made them
fathers. These parents, then, gave birth to generations as numerous as the sands
of the sea and stars sky. So we learn another lesson: the common heritage of
Jews, Christians and Muslims should encourage coexistence.

Let us notice the wide Semitic links within itself. Abraham brought his first wife
from the land of Babylon. He then took Hagar, an Arab slave woman, as his
second wife, and she became the mother of his first child, Ishmael.

Muslims and Arabs chart their lineage through Ishmael, who the Bible tells us
had 12 sons, just like Jacob. Muslims likewise count model of faith. The Qur'an
says Abraham eschewed all religious labels but insisted only on one thing: his
faith in the One True God. Thus, a Jewish Patriarch doubles as Muslim Prophet.

Christians also revere Abraham. According to the Apostle Paul, Abraham

became, by faith, the father of both Jews and Gentiles. Jesus himself refers to the
teaching of Moses and the example of Abraham.

Let us appreciate the three gifts from the EastJudaism, Christianity and Islam
and celebrate their sacred writings: the Hebrew Scriptures, New Testament, and
the Qur'an. The symbols of the three faithsthe Muslim crescent, and star, and
the Christian crosscan be joined to spell "love" in "interfaith consonants"
COEXIST. Let's do it peacefullyin the Middle East and around the globe!
Douglas Norell is a candidate for Doctor of Ministry at Hartford Seminary. He is a lay leader in
interfaith education at Emmaus United Church of Christ in Vienna, Virginia, where he teaches
courses reflected in this article. He is Director of Legislative Affairs, Catholic Relief Services.

THE GOLDEN RULE

Christianity
All things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this
is the law and the prophets,
King James version: Matt. 7:12
Islam
None of you is a believer if he does not desire for his brother that which he desires for
himself.
Sunna
Judaism
That which you hold as detestable, do not do to your neighbor. That is the whole Law: the
rest is but commentary.
Talmud, Sabbat, 21a
http://promotingpeace.org/2006/2/norell.html

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WORLD RELIGIONS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY: IMPORTANT

TOPICS
Posted Tue, 06/24/2014 - 12:28 by admin

WORLD RELIGIONS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY: IMPORTANT TOPICS

LESSON 1: Introduction
What is religion?
What is the significance of religion?
1. Definition of Terms
1.1. What is belief system?
Define worldview
1.1.1. Define Monism (All is one)
1.1.2. Define Polytheism (Many Gods)
1.1.3. Define Monotheism (One God)
1.1.4. Define Atheism (No God)
1.1.5. Give an example of a belief system or a worldview
1.2. Define Religion
1.2.1. What is mans higher dimension?
1.2.2. What are transcendent beliefs?
1.2.3. What is religious text or scriptures?
1.2.4. What is religious ritual?
1.2.5. What is religious sacred space (e.g., church, temple, mosque, synagogue)?
1.3. Spirituality (define)
Briefly discuss the following elements of spirituality:
1.3.1. holistic (fully integrated view to life),
1.3.2. quest for meaning (including the purpose of life),
1.3.3. quest for the sacred (beliefs about God),
1.3.4. suggests a self-reflective existence.
1.4. What is Philosophy of Religion? (Define and briefly discuss)
1.5. What is Theology? (Define and briefly discuss)

2. Delineating religion
2.1. Compare and contrast Religion vs. Spirituality (briefly discuss)
2.2. Compare and contrast Religion vs. Theology (briefly discuss)
2.3. Compare and contrast Religion vs. Philosophy of Religion (briefly discuss)
3. Some Inferences
Briefly explain or elaborate these points:
3.1. A belief system or worldview is a particular way of ordering the realities of ones world.
3.2. Religion is the pursuit of transformation guided by a sacred belief system.

3.3. Spirituality is ones integrative view of life. It involves a quest for the meaning and ultimate
value of life as opposed to an instrumentalist or materialistic attitude to life.
4. Explain: A spiritual man vs. a religious man (Make a character sketch of a person who is spiritual
but not religious and a person who is religious but not spiritual.)
5. Explain: Filipinos are historically religious people.
LESSON 2. How World Religions Began
What is world religion?
2.1. The birthplace/s of religions
Cite regions or places where specific religions evolved (e.g. Holy land & India) and explain how
religions emerged from them.
2.2. The cultural influences
Analyze the culture of the regions (e.g. Holy land & India) that gave rise to specific religions
2.3. Geography, religion, and culture
Explain how geography influences religion and religion affects culture
2.4. The influence of religion
Cite a case demonstrating the influence of a religion in a certain culture
2.5. Prove: Religions are influential in the Philippines throughout history
LESSON 3. Positive and Negative Effects of Religions
Prove: Religions are influential
3.1. The effects of religions
What are the negative effects of religions?
What are the positive effects of religions?
3.2. The influence of religion
Provide evidence that religion brought about a significant event in history
3.3. The significance of religion
Explain why (or justify) that religion can have positive or negative effects on society
3.4. What is religion for you?
3.5. Prove: Throughout history, religions are important in the life of the Filipinos.

LESSON 4. Judaism
What is Judaism?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Judaism:
a. Founders: Abraham (2000 B.C.) and/or Moses (1391-1271 B.C.)
b. Sacred texts: Torah, Poetry, Prophets, Talmud, Mishnah
c. Doctrines: Ten Commandments, 618 Rules
d. God: Yahweh/Jehovah
e. Sects: Orthodox, Conservative, Reform Liberal
f. Issues: Antisemitism, Zionism, Holocaust
4.1. The Ten Commandments
State and briefly discuss the Ten Commandments as stated in the Old Testament (Exodus 20)
4.2. Jewish customs and traditions

Identify a Jewish custom or tradition demonstrated in some movies (e.g. Fiddler in the Roof, Ten
Commandments, Ben Hur)
4.3. The covenant of one God
Justify and explain: The core teaching of Judaism is the covenant of one God with a chosen people
vs. other people with many gods.
4.4. Judaism: Belief in one God
Identify a story from the Old Testament that demonstrates the Jewish belief in one God (e.g. Story of
Samson)
4.5. Discuss Judaism in the Philippines
LESSON 5: Christianity
What is Christianity?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Christianity:
a. Founder: Jesus Christ (c. 7 BC-30 A.D.)
b. Sacred texts: Bible (Old Testament and New Testament)
c. Doctrines: Trinity, Virgin Birth, Deity of Christ, Resurrection, Last Judgment
d: God: Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit); Monotheism (Only One Godthe Father)
e. Sects: Roman Catholic, Greek/Eastern Orthodox, Protestantism, etc.
f. Issues: Ecumenism, Sexuality issues (e.g., contraception, homosexuality, ordination of women)
5.1. Some Texts
Sate and briefly discuss/comment on the Apostles Creed, The Lords Prayer, and the Beatitudes
5.2. The Parable of the Prodigal Son
State and interpret/explain the Parable of the Prodigal Son
5.3. The core teaching of Christianity
Explain: The core teaching of Christianity is the message that a loving God sent His begotten Son in
order to redeem humankind from eternal damnation. (Plus: The significance of entering the Church
that Christ built)
5.4. State and briefly explain the various Christian sects
5.5. Discuss the history of Christianity in the Philippines
LESSON 6: Islam
What is Islam?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Islam:
a. Founder: Prophet Muhammad (570-632 A.D.)
b. Sacred texts: Quran, Hadith
c. Doctrines: Five Pillars of Islam (Shahadah-declaring there is no other god but Allah and
Muhammad is His messenger, Salat-ritual prayer five times a day, Sawm-fasting during Ramadan,
Zakat-alms giving to the poor, and Hajj-pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime)
d. God: Allah
e. Practitioners: Sunni, Shiite, Sufi
f. Issues: Gender Inequality, Militant Islam, Migration
6.1. The opening lines of Quran
State the opening lines of Quran preferably from an English version. (Then briefly discuss)
6.2. The life and times of Prophet Muhammad
Retell the life and times of Prophet Muhammad

6.3. The core teaching of Islam

Explain: The core teaching of Islam is there is only one God and Muhammad is His final and
greatest messenger.
6.4. Analyze Islam as a religion
6.5. Discuss the history of Islam in the Philippines
LESSON 7: Comparative Analysis
Explain & prove: Judaism, Christianity and Islam have similarities
7.1. Uniqueness and Similarities
Identify the uniqueness of:
a) Judaism
b) Chriatianity
c) Islam
Identify the similarities of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
7.2. Common Roots
Provide evidence or prove that Judaism, Christianity and Islam share common roots from Patriarch
Abraham.
7.3. As influential religions
Justify that Judaism, Christianity and Islam, as monotheistic religions, have largely influenced the
world today.
7.4. Discuss the influence of Judaism, Christianity and Islam in the Philippines
LESSON 8: Hinduism
What is Hinduism?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Hinduism:
a. Founders: Aryans (1500 B.C.)
b. Sacred texts: Vedas, Upanishads and Bhagavad-Gita
c. Doctrines: Dharma-duty, Kama-pleasure, Artha-wealth, Moksha-liberation, Brahman, Atman,
the Identification of Brahman and Atman, the Four Yogas (Yoga of Knowledge, Yoga of Work, Yoga
of Devotion or Love, and Yoga of Psychological Exercises)
d. Gods: 33 million gods and goddesses
e. Issues: Gender Inequality, Caste System, Poverty
8.1. The creation story in Rig Veda
State the creation story in Rig Veda. Then, briefly explain.
8.2. The major Hindu deities
Identify the names of the major Hindu deities as well as their corresponding functions or powers
8.3. The core teaching of Hinduism
Explain: The core teaching of Hinduism is the attainment of liberation in the identification of
Atman and Brahman through the Four Yogas.
8.4. Evaluate Hinduism as a religion
8.5. Discuss the history of Hinduism in the Philippines
LESSON 9: Theravada Buddhism
What is Theravada Buddhism?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Theravada Buddhism:

a. Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 B.C.)

b. Sacred texts: Tripitaka
c. Doctrines: Four Noble Truths, Eight-fold Path, Law of Dependent Origination and The
Impermanence of Things
d. God: non-theistic
e. Issue: Territory conflict in Mainland Southeast Asia

9.1. The Four Noble Truths and the Eight-fold path

State the Four Noble Truths and the Eight-fold path. Then, briefly discuss.
9.2. Cravings and Sufferings
Give examples of situations that demonstrate cravings which may lead to suffering according to
Theravada Buddhism
9.3. The core teaching of Theravada Buddhism
Explain: The core teaching of Theravada Buddhism is that life is suffering; suffering is due to
craving; there is a way to overcome craving; and the way to overcome craving is the Eight-fold
Path, the Middle Way (between pleasure and mortification).
9.4. The Eight-fold Path and the Middle Way
Evaluate the Eight-fold Path in terms of how it achieves the Middle Way.
9.5. Discuss the history of Theravada Buddhism in the Philippines
LESSON 10: Mahayana Buddhism
What is Mahayana Buddhism?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Mahayana Buddhism:
a. Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 B.C.)
b. Sacred texts: Sutras
c. Doctrines: Four Noble Truths, Eight-fold Path, The Six Perfections to become a Bodhisattva
(generosity, morality, patience, perseverance, meditation, and insight)
d. God: non-theistic
e. Issues: Tibet invasion, Engaged activism
f. Universality and growth of sects: Development of Buddhism to Zen (Chan) Buddhism as the fruit
of its encounter with Taoism.
10.1. The three levels of perfection of Mahayana Buddhism
State the three levels of perfection of Mahayana Buddhism (moral discipline, cultivation of virtue,
and altruistic conduct)
10.2. The acts of generosity
Give examples of acts of generosity of Mahayana Buddhists. Then discuss.
10.3. The core teaching of Mahayana Buddhism
Explain: The core teaching of Mahayana Buddhism is to seek complete enlightenment for the
benefit of all living beings through insight and compassion.
10.4. The acts of generosity of Tzu Chi Foundation
Draw the insight from the acts of generosity of Tzu Chi Foundation that reflect the core teaching of
Mahayana Buddhism
10.5. Discuss the history of Mahayana Buddhism in the Philippines

Lesson 11: Comparative Analysis

Explain: Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism have some similarities
11.1. Uniqueness and Similarities
Identify the uniqueness of:
a) Hinduism, ]
b) Theravada Buddhism
c) Mahayana Buddhism
Identify the similarities of Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism
11.2. Common Roots
Provide evidence or prove that Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism share
common roots from India.
11.3. As influential religions
Justify that Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism, as Vedic religions, have
largely influenced the world today.
11.4. Discuss the influence of Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism in the
Philippines

LESSON 12: Confucianism

What is Confucianism?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Confucianism:
a. Founder: Confucius (551-479 B.C.)
b. Sacred texts: Confucian Classics
c. Doctrines: Mandate of Heaven, Tien, Human nature as originally good (Mencius) or evil (Hsun
Tze), Rectification of Names, The Moral Way consisting of five cardinal virtues, Filial Piety, and
Ancestor Worship
d. God: Heaven
e. Issues: Gender inequality, Authoritarianism
12.1. The five basic relationships
Describe and discuss the five basic relationships in Confucianism (king to subject, father to son,
husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother and friend to friend)
12.2. Filial piety
Give examples of acts showing filial piety in the family, community and society
12.3. The core teaching of Confucianism
Explain: The core teaching of Confucianism is to be a gentleman by following the moral way
consisting of the virtues of love, righteousness, wisdom, propriety and loyalty in order to promote
harmony in society.
12.4. The virtuous man
Present a character sketch of a person who personifies the Confucian virtues. (Describe the
virtuous man in Confucian perspective)
12.5. Discuss the history of Confucianism in the Philippines
LESSON 13: Taoism

What is Taoism?
The elements of Taoism (briefly discuss the following):
a. Founder: Lao Tzu (604 B.C. - ?)
b. Sacred texts: Tao Te Ching, Book of Chuang Tze
c. Doctrines: Wu-Wei, Law of Reversion, Following nature
d. Tao as the Origin of all Beings, unnameable and eternal
e. Issues: Inaction, Superstitious practices, Environmentalism
13.1. Tao as the origin of all beings
Explain that Tao is the origin of all beings whose essence is nothing
13.2. Love and respect of nature
Give examples of acts showing love and respect of nature and the environment
13.3. The core teaching of Taoism
Explain: The core teaching of Taoism is becoming one with Tao.
13.4. Evaluate Taoism as a religion
13.5. Discuss the history of Taoism in the Philippines
LESSON 14: Shintoism
What is Shintoism?
The elements of Shintoism (briefly discuss the following):
a. Founders: Prehistoric Animists of Japan
b. Sacred texts: Kojiki and Nihongi
c. Doctrines: belief in kami, divinity of emperors
d. Gods: kami (animist and nature spirits)
e. Issues: Shrine visits of Japanese prime ministers
14.1. The Kojiki creation story
Narrate the Kojiki creation story. Then, briefly explain
14.2. Worshiping gods
Explain why is it important for Japanese people to worship gods
14.3. The core teaching of Shintoism
Explain and evaluate: The core teaching of Shintoism is to worship the ancestors and forces of
nature to achieve harmony in all dimensions.
14.4. The Kojiki creation story: An interpretation
State the Kojiki creation story and explain/interpret
14.4 Discuss the history of Taoism in the Philippines
LESSON 15: Comparative Analysis
Explain that Confucianism, Taoism and Shintoism have similarities.
15.1. Uniqueness and Similarities
Identify the uniqueness of:
a) Confucianism,
b) Taoism
c) Shintoism
Identify the similarities of Confucianism, Taoism and Shintoism
15.2. Common Traits

Provide evidence that Confucianism, Taoism and Shintoism share common traits in viewing nature
and ancestors
15.3. As influential religions
Justify that Confucianism, Taoism and Shintoism as East Asian religions/philosophies have largely
influenced the world today.
15.4. Discuss the influence of Confucianism, Taoism and Shintoism in the Philippines
LESSON 16: Synthesis
What is the history of religion?
16.1. Summary and Conclusions
What are the significance of religion?
What are the basic similarities of all world religions? Briefly explain.
16.2. Religion and man
Explain the following:
a. What is the meaning and ultimate value of life according to Christianity?
b. According to Confucianism, how should we relate to ones self, family, society and nature?
c. According to Buddhism, what is the way to achieve personal happiness and fulfillment?
d. What is the meaning and ultimate value of life according to Islam?
e. According to Shintoism, how should we relate to ones self, family, society and nature?
f. According to Hinduism, what is the way to achieve personal happiness and fulfillment?
16.2. Why are religions important to Filipinos?
Tag: WORLD RELIGIONS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY: IMPORTANT TOPICS

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COMMENTS
The word Islam means
by christian dave dangin (not verified) - 06/26/2014 - 14:19

The word Islam means voluntary Submission or Surrender to the Will of God. It derives from the
root word salam, meaning peace.
In the Quran, God defines that the only purpose for which He created mankind is to Worship Him. Islam
recognizes that humankind has free choice in whether to obey or disobey God, but ultimately we will
be held accountable to God in the next life for the choices that we make in this life.
God sent Prophets to teach mankind how to worship Him; starting with Adam, including Noah,
Abraham, Moses, Jesus and the last of the messengers, Muhammad (peace be upon them all). The
Islamic position is that all of these prophets came with the same message, that there is no deity
worthy of worship except the One True God, known in Arabic as Allah.
Islam places great importance in the belief that the soul gives life to a human body. Likewise, in its
absence, the human body dies and disintegrates. However, the soul is eternal and will be reunited with

the body on the Day of Resurrection, when God will raise everyone to answer for their deeds on earth.
Islam encourages the individual to focus on keeping the soul healthy, through the remembrance,
obedience and worship of God. There should be a correct balance in strengthening the soul and not
over-indulging with the pleasures of the body.
url http://www.whyislam.org/islam/what-is-submission/
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WORLD RELIGIONS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY: IMPORTANT

TOPICS
Posted Tue, 06/24/2014 - 12:28 by admin

WORLD RELIGIONS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY: IMPORTANT TOPICS

LESSON 1: Introduction
What is religion?
What is the significance of religion?
1. Definition of Terms
1.1. What is belief system?
Define worldview
1.1.1. Define Monism (All is one)
1.1.2. Define Polytheism (Many Gods)
1.1.3. Define Monotheism (One God)
1.1.4. Define Atheism (No God)
1.1.5. Give an example of a belief system or a worldview
1.2. Define Religion
1.2.1. What is mans higher dimension?
1.2.2. What are transcendent beliefs?
1.2.3. What is religious text or scriptures?
1.2.4. What is religious ritual?
1.2.5. What is religious sacred space (e.g., church, temple, mosque, synagogue)?
1.3. Spirituality (define)
Briefly discuss the following elements of spirituality:
1.3.1. holistic (fully integrated view to life),
1.3.2. quest for meaning (including the purpose of life),
1.3.3. quest for the sacred (beliefs about God),
1.3.4. suggests a self-reflective existence.
1.4. What is Philosophy of Religion? (Define and briefly discuss)
1.5. What is Theology? (Define and briefly discuss)

2. Delineating religion
2.1. Compare and contrast Religion vs. Spirituality (briefly discuss)
2.2. Compare and contrast Religion vs. Theology (briefly discuss)
2.3. Compare and contrast Religion vs. Philosophy of Religion (briefly discuss)
3. Some Inferences
Briefly explain or elaborate these points:
3.1. A belief system or worldview is a particular way of ordering the realities of ones world.
3.2. Religion is the pursuit of transformation guided by a sacred belief system.

3.3. Spirituality is ones integrative view of life. It involves a quest for the meaning and ultimate
value of life as opposed to an instrumentalist or materialistic attitude to life.
4. Explain: A spiritual man vs. a religious man (Make a character sketch of a person who is spiritual
but not religious and a person who is religious but not spiritual.)
5. Explain: Filipinos are historically religious people.
LESSON 2. How World Religions Began
What is world religion?
2.1. The birthplace/s of religions
Cite regions or places where specific religions evolved (e.g. Holy land & India) and explain how
religions emerged from them.
2.2. The cultural influences
Analyze the culture of the regions (e.g. Holy land & India) that gave rise to specific religions
2.3. Geography, religion, and culture
Explain how geography influences religion and religion affects culture
2.4. The influence of religion
Cite a case demonstrating the influence of a religion in a certain culture
2.5. Prove: Religions are influential in the Philippines throughout history
LESSON 3. Positive and Negative Effects of Religions
Prove: Religions are influential
3.1. The effects of religions
What are the negative effects of religions?
What are the positive effects of religions?
3.2. The influence of religion
Provide evidence that religion brought about a significant event in history
3.3. The significance of religion
Explain why (or justify) that religion can have positive or negative effects on society
3.4. What is religion for you?
3.5. Prove: Throughout history, religions are important in the life of the Filipinos.

LESSON 4. Judaism
What is Judaism?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Judaism:
a. Founders: Abraham (2000 B.C.) and/or Moses (1391-1271 B.C.)
b. Sacred texts: Torah, Poetry, Prophets, Talmud, Mishnah
c. Doctrines: Ten Commandments, 618 Rules
d. God: Yahweh/Jehovah
e. Sects: Orthodox, Conservative, Reform Liberal
f. Issues: Antisemitism, Zionism, Holocaust
4.1. The Ten Commandments
State and briefly discuss the Ten Commandments as stated in the Old Testament (Exodus 20)
4.2. Jewish customs and traditions

Identify a Jewish custom or tradition demonstrated in some movies (e.g. Fiddler in the Roof, Ten
Commandments, Ben Hur)
4.3. The covenant of one God
Justify and explain: The core teaching of Judaism is the covenant of one God with a chosen people
vs. other people with many gods.
4.4. Judaism: Belief in one God
Identify a story from the Old Testament that demonstrates the Jewish belief in one God (e.g. Story of
Samson)
4.5. Discuss Judaism in the Philippines
LESSON 5: Christianity
What is Christianity?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Christianity:
a. Founder: Jesus Christ (c. 7 BC-30 A.D.)
b. Sacred texts: Bible (Old Testament and New Testament)
c. Doctrines: Trinity, Virgin Birth, Deity of Christ, Resurrection, Last Judgment
d: God: Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit); Monotheism (Only One Godthe Father)
e. Sects: Roman Catholic, Greek/Eastern Orthodox, Protestantism, etc.
f. Issues: Ecumenism, Sexuality issues (e.g., contraception, homosexuality, ordination of women)
5.1. Some Texts
Sate and briefly discuss/comment on the Apostles Creed, The Lords Prayer, and the Beatitudes
5.2. The Parable of the Prodigal Son
State and interpret/explain the Parable of the Prodigal Son
5.3. The core teaching of Christianity
Explain: The core teaching of Christianity is the message that a loving God sent His begotten Son in
order to redeem humankind from eternal damnation. (Plus: The significance of entering the Church
that Christ built)
5.4. State and briefly explain the various Christian sects
5.5. Discuss the history of Christianity in the Philippines
LESSON 6: Islam
What is Islam?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Islam:
a. Founder: Prophet Muhammad (570-632 A.D.)
b. Sacred texts: Quran, Hadith
c. Doctrines: Five Pillars of Islam (Shahadah-declaring there is no other god but Allah and
Muhammad is His messenger, Salat-ritual prayer five times a day, Sawm-fasting during Ramadan,
Zakat-alms giving to the poor, and Hajj-pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime)
d. God: Allah
e. Practitioners: Sunni, Shiite, Sufi
f. Issues: Gender Inequality, Militant Islam, Migration
6.1. The opening lines of Quran
State the opening lines of Quran preferably from an English version. (Then briefly discuss)
6.2. The life and times of Prophet Muhammad
Retell the life and times of Prophet Muhammad

6.3. The core teaching of Islam

Explain: The core teaching of Islam is there is only one God and Muhammad is His final and
greatest messenger.
6.4. Analyze Islam as a religion
6.5. Discuss the history of Islam in the Philippines
LESSON 7: Comparative Analysis
Explain & prove: Judaism, Christianity and Islam have similarities
7.1. Uniqueness and Similarities
Identify the uniqueness of:
a) Judaism
b) Chriatianity
c) Islam
Identify the similarities of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
7.2. Common Roots
Provide evidence or prove that Judaism, Christianity and Islam share common roots from Patriarch
Abraham.
7.3. As influential religions
Justify that Judaism, Christianity and Islam, as monotheistic religions, have largely influenced the
world today.
7.4. Discuss the influence of Judaism, Christianity and Islam in the Philippines
LESSON 8: Hinduism
What is Hinduism?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Hinduism:
a. Founders: Aryans (1500 B.C.)
b. Sacred texts: Vedas, Upanishads and Bhagavad-Gita
c. Doctrines: Dharma-duty, Kama-pleasure, Artha-wealth, Moksha-liberation, Brahman, Atman,
the Identification of Brahman and Atman, the Four Yogas (Yoga of Knowledge, Yoga of Work, Yoga
of Devotion or Love, and Yoga of Psychological Exercises)
d. Gods: 33 million gods and goddesses
e. Issues: Gender Inequality, Caste System, Poverty
8.1. The creation story in Rig Veda
State the creation story in Rig Veda. Then, briefly explain.
8.2. The major Hindu deities
Identify the names of the major Hindu deities as well as their corresponding functions or powers
8.3. The core teaching of Hinduism
Explain: The core teaching of Hinduism is the attainment of liberation in the identification of
Atman and Brahman through the Four Yogas.
8.4. Evaluate Hinduism as a religion
8.5. Discuss the history of Hinduism in the Philippines
LESSON 9: Theravada Buddhism
What is Theravada Buddhism?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Theravada Buddhism:

a. Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 B.C.)

b. Sacred texts: Tripitaka
c. Doctrines: Four Noble Truths, Eight-fold Path, Law of Dependent Origination and The
Impermanence of Things
d. God: non-theistic
e. Issue: Territory conflict in Mainland Southeast Asia

9.1. The Four Noble Truths and the Eight-fold path

State the Four Noble Truths and the Eight-fold path. Then, briefly discuss.
9.2. Cravings and Sufferings
Give examples of situations that demonstrate cravings which may lead to suffering according to
Theravada Buddhism
9.3. The core teaching of Theravada Buddhism
Explain: The core teaching of Theravada Buddhism is that life is suffering; suffering is due to
craving; there is a way to overcome craving; and the way to overcome craving is the Eight-fold
Path, the Middle Way (between pleasure and mortification).
9.4. The Eight-fold Path and the Middle Way
Evaluate the Eight-fold Path in terms of how it achieves the Middle Way.
9.5. Discuss the history of Theravada Buddhism in the Philippines
LESSON 10: Mahayana Buddhism
What is Mahayana Buddhism?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Mahayana Buddhism:
a. Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 B.C.)
b. Sacred texts: Sutras
c. Doctrines: Four Noble Truths, Eight-fold Path, The Six Perfections to become a Bodhisattva
(generosity, morality, patience, perseverance, meditation, and insight)
d. God: non-theistic
e. Issues: Tibet invasion, Engaged activism
f. Universality and growth of sects: Development of Buddhism to Zen (Chan) Buddhism as the fruit
of its encounter with Taoism.
10.1. The three levels of perfection of Mahayana Buddhism
State the three levels of perfection of Mahayana Buddhism (moral discipline, cultivation of virtue,
and altruistic conduct)
10.2. The acts of generosity
Give examples of acts of generosity of Mahayana Buddhists. Then discuss.
10.3. The core teaching of Mahayana Buddhism
Explain: The core teaching of Mahayana Buddhism is to seek complete enlightenment for the
benefit of all living beings through insight and compassion.
10.4. The acts of generosity of Tzu Chi Foundation
Draw the insight from the acts of generosity of Tzu Chi Foundation that reflect the core teaching of
Mahayana Buddhism
10.5. Discuss the history of Mahayana Buddhism in the Philippines

Lesson 11: Comparative Analysis

Explain: Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism have some similarities
11.1. Uniqueness and Similarities
Identify the uniqueness of:
a) Hinduism, ]
b) Theravada Buddhism
c) Mahayana Buddhism
Identify the similarities of Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism
11.2. Common Roots
Provide evidence or prove that Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism share
common roots from India.
11.3. As influential religions
Justify that Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism, as Vedic religions, have
largely influenced the world today.
11.4. Discuss the influence of Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism in the
Philippines

LESSON 12: Confucianism

What is Confucianism?
Briefly discuss the following elements of Confucianism:
a. Founder: Confucius (551-479 B.C.)
b. Sacred texts: Confucian Classics
c. Doctrines: Mandate of Heaven, Tien, Human nature as originally good (Mencius) or evil (Hsun
Tze), Rectification of Names, The Moral Way consisting of five cardinal virtues, Filial Piety, and
Ancestor Worship
d. God: Heaven
e. Issues: Gender inequality, Authoritarianism
12.1. The five basic relationships
Describe and discuss the five basic relationships in Confucianism (king to subject, father to son,
husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother and friend to friend)
12.2. Filial piety
Give examples of acts showing filial piety in the family, community and society
12.3. The core teaching of Confucianism
Explain: The core teaching of Confucianism is to be a gentleman by following the moral way
consisting of the virtues of love, righteousness, wisdom, propriety and loyalty in order to promote
harmony in society.
12.4. The virtuous man
Present a character sketch of a person who personifies the Confucian virtues. (Describe the
virtuous man in Confucian perspective)
12.5. Discuss the history of Confucianism in the Philippines
LESSON 13: Taoism

What is Taoism?
The elements of Taoism (briefly discuss the following):
a. Founder: Lao Tzu (604 B.C. - ?)
b. Sacred texts: Tao Te Ching, Book of Chuang Tze
c. Doctrines: Wu-Wei, Law of Reversion, Following nature
d. Tao as the Origin of all Beings, unnameable and eternal
e. Issues: Inaction, Superstitious practices, Environmentalism
13.1. Tao as the origin of all beings
Explain that Tao is the origin of all beings whose essence is nothing
13.2. Love and respect of nature
Give examples of acts showing love and respect of nature and the environment
13.3. The core teaching of Taoism
Explain: The core teaching of Taoism is becoming one with Tao.
13.4. Evaluate Taoism as a religion
13.5. Discuss the history of Taoism in the Philippines
LESSON 14: Shintoism
What is Shintoism?
The elements of Shintoism (briefly discuss the following):
a. Founders: Prehistoric Animists of Japan
b. Sacred texts: Kojiki and Nihongi
c. Doctrines: belief in kami, divinity of emperors
d. Gods: kami (animist and nature spirits)
e. Issues: Shrine visits of Japanese prime ministers
14.1. The Kojiki creation story
Narrate the Kojiki creation story. Then, briefly explain
14.2. Worshiping gods
Explain why is it important for Japanese people to worship gods
14.3. The core teaching of Shintoism
Explain and evaluate: The core teaching of Shintoism is to worship the ancestors and forces of
nature to achieve harmony in all dimensions.
14.4. The Kojiki creation story: An interpretation
State the Kojiki creation story and explain/interpret
14.4 Discuss the history of Taoism in the Philippines
LESSON 15: Comparative Analysis
Explain that Confucianism, Taoism and Shintoism have similarities.
15.1. Uniqueness and Similarities
Identify the uniqueness of:
a) Confucianism,
b) Taoism
c) Shintoism
Identify the similarities of Confucianism, Taoism and Shintoism
15.2. Common Traits

Provide evidence that Confucianism, Taoism and Shintoism share common traits in viewing nature
and ancestors
15.3. As influential religions
Justify that Confucianism, Taoism and Shintoism as East Asian religions/philosophies have largely
influenced the world today.
15.4. Discuss the influence of Confucianism, Taoism and Shintoism in the Philippines
LESSON 16: Synthesis
What is the history of religion?
16.1. Summary and Conclusions
What are the significance of religion?
What are the basic similarities of all world religions? Briefly explain.
16.2. Religion and man
Explain the following:
a. What is the meaning and ultimate value of life according to Christianity?
b. According to Confucianism, how should we relate to ones self, family, society and nature?
c. According to Buddhism, what is the way to achieve personal happiness and fulfillment?
d. What is the meaning and ultimate value of life according to Islam?
e. According to Shintoism, how should we relate to ones self, family, society and nature?
f. According to Hinduism, what is the way to achieve personal happiness and fulfillment?
16.2. Why are religions important to Filipinos?
Tag: WORLD RELIGIONS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY: IMPORTANT TOPICS

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COMMENTS
The word Islam means
by christian dave dangin (not verified) - 06/26/2014 - 14:19

The word Islam means voluntary Submission or Surrender to the Will of God. It derives from the
root word salam, meaning peace.
In the Quran, God defines that the only purpose for which He created mankind is to Worship Him. Islam
recognizes that humankind has free choice in whether to obey or disobey God, but ultimately we will
be held accountable to God in the next life for the choices that we make in this life.
God sent Prophets to teach mankind how to worship Him; starting with Adam, including Noah,
Abraham, Moses, Jesus and the last of the messengers, Muhammad (peace be upon them all). The
Islamic position is that all of these prophets came with the same message, that there is no deity
worthy of worship except the One True God, known in Arabic as Allah.
Islam places great importance in the belief that the soul gives life to a human body. Likewise, in its
absence, the human body dies and disintegrates. However, the soul is eternal and will be reunited with

the body on the Day of Resurrection, when God will raise everyone to answer for their deeds on earth.
Islam encourages the individual to focus on keeping the soul healthy, through the remembrance,
obedience and worship of God. There should be a correct balance in strengthening the soul and not
over-indulging with the pleasures of the body.
url http://www.whyislam.org/islam/what-is-submission/
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